• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.105-110
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• 2011

유기농 토마토 재배에서 유기자원인 혼합유박과 볏짚의 혼용에 대한 적정 시용량을 구명하고자, 무처리구, 혼합유박 1.0 N(표준시비구), 볏짚구, 볏짚+혼합유박 0.5 N, 볏짚+혼합 유박 1.0 N 등 5처리를 두고 4작기에 걸쳐 2년간 시험을 수행하였다. 작물의 수량을 기준으로 한 질소 양분기준은 1작기에서의 시험 전 토양의 질산태 질소 함량이 220 mg/kg 인 경우 모든 처리에서 수량의 차이가 없어 무시비 재배가 가능한 것으로 판단되었다. 하지만 2작기에서는 무처리 및 볏짚구에서 수량의 감소를 보였으며, 3작기에서는 볏짚+혼합유박 0.5 N처리에서 유의성 있는 차이를 나타내었는데 이러한 수량의 차이를 보이는 시험 전 토양의 질산태 질소의 함량 기준은 160 mg/kg으로 평가되었으며, 질소 부족에 따른 질소공급원인 혼합유박 등의 표준시비가 요구되었다. 유기자원의 연용에 처리에서 볏짚은 용적밀도, 토양입단, 양이온치환용량, 부식함량 등 토양 물리성을 개선시키는 효과를 보였으나, 혼합유박에서는 토양 물리성 개량에의 유의성 있는 차이를 보이지 않았다. 그러므로 토마토 유기재배에서의 시비관리는 토양 중 질산태질소 함량에 따른 혼합유박의 적정 시비량 적용과 함께 토양물리성 개량 효과가 뛰어난 볏짚을 같이 시용해야 할 것으로 판단되었다.

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 2017년도 9th Asian Crop Science Association conference
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• pp.340-340
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• 2017

Rice straw is very important to maintain fertility in agricultural soil with several aspects such as carbon and nitrogen cycles in Korea. Recently, concerning about climate change, carbon sequestration in agricultural land has become one of the most interesting and debating issues. Rice straw is most representative source of organic material produced in agricultural sectors. In order to evaluate changes of soil carbon treated by rice straw during cultivating rice in paddy field, we carried out to treat rice straw with 0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, and $2.0ton\;ha^{-1}$ at $50{\times}50{\times}20cm$ blocks made of wood board, and analyze contents of fulvic acid and humic acid form, and total carbon periodically. The experiment was conducted in 2013-2016, and sampled with interval in a month. The organic material was applied to treatment blocks in 2 weeks ago in rice transplanting of each year. Total carbon in beginning time is low as $7.9g\;kg^{-1}$. The contents of total carbon with treatments of rice straw after experiment are recorded as 8.7, 11.2, 9.5, 10.5, and $10.9g\;kg^{-1}$ applied by 0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, and $2.0ton\;ha^{-1}$, respectively. When trend lines were calculated on changes of soil carbon in periods of experiments, The trend equations of soil carbon changes with treatments of 0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, and $2.0ton\;ha^{-1}$ were Y=0.0015X+8.479, Y=0.073X+8.2577, Y=0.0503X+8.4477, Y=0.0822X+8.2103, and Y=0.082X+8.5736. These trends suggested several results. When rice straw was applied in cultivating paddy fields, most carbon in rice straw would be decomposed regardless the amount of rice straw in soil. We calculated sequestration rate of applied rice straw as about 0.1% per year during rice cultivation in paddy fields. It means that if farmer want to increase 1% soil organic matter by using application of rice straw returned after cultivation, famer should apply rice straw continuously for ten years. The change of soil carbon as fulvic acid, humic acid, and humane is showed that only content of carbon as mumine is increased significantly while fulvic acid and humic acid were changed in range of 10 to 30% among total carbon in soil. In conclusion, to sequestrate soil carbon with rice straw, it is important for rice straw to apply continuously every year. The amount of rice straw applied is not much effected to increase soil organic matter.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제46권3호
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• pp.187-192
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• 2013

This study was carried out to investigate the incorporation effect of green manure crops (GMC) such as the hairy vetch on improvement of soil environment in reclaimed land during silage corn cultivation over the past two years. Plots consisted of conventional fertilization (CF) and incorporation of GMC were divided by addition rate of nitrogen fertilizer (100 kg $ha^{-1}$) with 30 - 100% of non nitrogen fertilization (NNF). Soil physico-chemical properties and growth and yield potential of silage corn were examined. The tested soils showed strong alkali and saline properties with low contents of organic matter and available phosphate while contents of exchangeable sodium and magnesium were high. Soil salinity increased during cultivation of summer crop. However, corn was not affected by salt content. The fresh weight of GMC at incorporation time was 18,345 kg $ha^{-1}$. Content of total nitrogen was 3.09% and the C/N ratio was 12.8 at incorporation time. Fresh and dry matter yield of silage corn were higher in the order of N30% reduction, CF, N50% reduction, N70% reduction, N100% reduction and NNF. Fresh and dry matter yield potential of silage corn for N30% reduction were comparable to those of CF. Bulk density of the soil decreased with incorporation of GMC, while porosity was increased. The soil pH decreased while content of exchangeable calcium, available phosphate, and organic matter increased. Also contents of exchangeable sodium and potassium decreased with incorporation of GMC. The data indicate that incorporation of hairy vetch can improve soil physical and chemical properties and reduce nitrogen fertilizer application especially for alkali saline reclaimed soil such as Saemangeum reclaimed land.

• 한국유기농업학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국유기농학회 2009년도 하반기 학술대회
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• pp.314-314
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• 2009

The effects of mixtures of each of rice hull charcoal and wood charcoal with pyroligneous acid on the cultivation and antioxidant activities of rice were investigated. Results of the total phenolic compounds, DPPH radical electron-donating ability and xanthine oxidase stress activity analyses revealed that the environment-friendly materials increased the total antioxidant capacity in rice. In the case of palatability of rice, total amylose blue value and starch-I2color reaction analyses, data showed that environment-friendly materials generally decreased the amylose content of rice. Also, the environment-friendly materials improved the rice endosperm quality.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제42권1호
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• pp.49-55
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• 1997

맥류 성력 기계파종시 절단된 볏집을 토양 유기물원으로 환원함에 따른 맥류의 생육특성 및 토양환원 변화를 구명하고자 일련의 시험을 수행한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 보리 재배시 볏짚을 토양에 투여할 경우 종자를 볏짚 밑부분에 파종하면 토양입자와 종자가 접착하게 되어 볏짚 윗부분에 종자를 파종한 경우보다 파종후 출현율이 11％ 향상되었다. 2. 볏짚을 유기물원으로 이용할 경우 퇴비시용품보다 월동전 초기생육은 부진했으나 내도복성과 천입종이 증대되었으며, 보리는 8％, 맥주보리는 20％ 각각 증수되었다. 3. 토양에 투여된 볏짚의 조기 부숙화를 위해 질소비료를 표준량보다 25％ 증비하거나, 석회 및 규산을 시용해줌으로써 볏짚 부숙율을 2∼6.9％ 높일 수 있었다. 4. 맥주보리 재배시 볏짚의 토양환원으로 천입종 및 정입율은 향상되었고, 종실의 조단백질 함량은 감소하여 곡립의 원맥 품질이 크게 향상되었다.

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 2022년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.121-121
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• 2022

When 7 kg·10a^-1, which is less than the nitrogen standard application amount of 9 kg·10a^-1, is applied, the protein content is lowered and the palatibility is improved. In order to examine the applicability of nitrogen fertilization of 7 kg·10a^-1 nationwide, soil samples were collected from 240 paddy fields in 8 provinces in 2021, and the organic matter content, effective phosphoric acid, and effective silicic acid were analyzed for each sample. As a result of one-way ANOVA analysis between samples collected for each province, there was no significant difference in the content of organic matter, effective phosphoric acid, and effective silicic acid except for some provinces. The contents of organic matter was higher than the appropriate level(25 ~ 30 g·kg^-1) except for Gyeongsangbuk-do, the effective phosphoric acid was higher than the appropriate level(80~120 mg·kg^-1) in all provinces, and the effective silicic acid was lower than the appropriate level(157 ~ 180 mg·kg^-1) except for Gyeonggi-do, Jeollanam-do and Gyeongsangnam-do. As a result of analyzing the recommended fertilization amount based on the nitrogen application amount of 7 kg·10a^-1, 68.3% ofthe 240 samples were able to give nitrogen fertilizer less than 7.5 kg·10a^-1, and the rest had to be given more than that to satisfy the standard fertilization amount. As a result of this study, 68.3% of rice paddies nationwide can be cultivated with a standard fertilization amount of 7 kg·10a^-1, however it was thought that continuous nutrient management would be required for other paddies.

• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제19권spc호
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• pp.218-221
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• 2011

To improve the soil properties of physical and microbial community rice bran and wood charcoal were applied in the continuously cultivated plastic film house soil. Soil physical properties were improved by application of rice bran and charcoal compared to chemical fertilizer application (control) by 8~14% in bulk density and 5~9% in soil porosity. Changes in the biological ratio indexes of fatty acids in the soils were detected depending on the inputted materials. Especially in application of rice bran including mixture with charcoal, much more fungi and less bacteria were detected and the ratio of fungi to bacteria was increased, suggesting the more organic carbon metabolically active in these treatments. The high ratio of aerobe to anaerobe suggested the better aerobic conditions were in the soil inputted wood charcoal. From these results, it is important and possible to select some materials for the organic pepper cultivation, which may improve the poor condition soil.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.48-58
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• 2001

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of environmental sound rice farming method on the productivity of rice industry which may result in impacts on the staple food securities. Recently fanners have been concerned about adopting new rice cultivation method such as organic and low input farming system in which fertilizer and pesticide can be substantially reduced so as to alleviate the burden of agro-ecosystem. However, It has been argued about whether or not there are negative impacts on the self sufficiency rate of food, income of farm household and technological adaptability. Therefore this study examined the productivity trend of environmental rice farming system and predicted the long term rice self-sufficiency rate when environmental rice farming system are adopted by assuming various scenarios. It was estimated that rice self-sufficiency rate can be decreased up to 52.2% by 2010. Based on the analysis of results, policy recommendations for environmentally sound rice farming were suggested as follows: 1) gradual adopting and transferring of environmental rice cultivation method, 2) increasing profitability of rice growing fanners 3) developing the farm level technology specific to Korean farming condition, 4) institutionalization of direct payments for encouraging environmental rice fanning.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제27권
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• pp.56-67
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• 1984

As in many other country, the use of organic matter in Korea has long history. Farmers understand the value of organic matter as the source of plant nutrient and soil improving agent in general. Since 50 years ago, the sources of organic matter in paddy soils were compost, rice and barly straw, green manure, animal waste, fish and beancake, etc.. Application of green manures such as vetch and chinese milk vetch showed no significant effect on the yield of brown rice in paddy soil. On the other hand, the effects of compost and rice straw showed more significant on the yield of brown rice in paddy soil. Application of rice straw in rice cultivation is commonly made at different times between harvest, early spring and several weeks before transplanting. Considering the suitable paddy soil for application of rice straw under well to moderately well drained soil, the yield was pronounced more than poorly drained soil. Based on laboratory and field experimants, application of rice straw promoted the decrease of oxidation-reduction potential in well to moderately well drained soil. This results to be enhanced the release of some mineral nutrients,. such as potassium, calcium, silicon, and increase of availability of soil phosphorus. In the field experiments, results obtained from nitrogen fraction on the immobilization-mineralization of the tracer nitrogen applied in paddy soil,the amount and index of organic nitrogen incoporated in soil was more pronounced in rice straw application than control. Rice straw and its transformation products incoporated in the soil, provided the inflow of energy necessary to maintain heterotrophic microbes activities. Rice straw and its transformation products, especially soluble carbohydrate, enhanced the population of free-living heterotrophic $N_2$ - fixing microbes. Moreover, rice straw and its transformation products in paddy soil, enhanced the activities of soil enzymes such as dehydrogenase and urease.

• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.257-269
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• 2010

본 실험은 질소안정동위원소존재비($\delta^{15}N$)를 이용하여 유기벼와 일반벼의 판별 가능성을 탐색하기 위하여 실시하였다. 시료는 전국에 걸처 유기벼 17점, 그리고 유기벼 재배 인근지역에서 일반벼 13점을 수집하여 2008년 11월부터 2010년 1월까지 설문 및 분석 작업을 수행하였다. 벼는 벼와 현미, 백미, 왕겨로 도정한 다음 이들의 질소 및 질소안정동위원소 자연존재비($\delta^{15}N$)를 분석하였다. 이 성분이 두 그룹의 간의 판별에 이용될 수 있을지를 검증하기 위하여 판별분석을 적용, 그 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 유기벼 농가가 사용한 질소원은 퇴비, 쌀겨, 균배양체, 버섯배지, 유박이었고 사용량은 농가에 따라 큰 차이가 있었고, 볏짚은 모두 논에 환원하였다. 그러나 일반벼 농가는 복합비료를 쓰고 볏짚은 회수하여 판매한 경우가 많았다. 2. 유기벼의 벼와 현미, 백미, 왕겨의 중질소자연존재비의 차이가 가장 컸으나 통계적 유의성은 없었고 지역간의 차이도 유의성이 없었다. 일반벼에서도 유기벼와 같은 경향이었다. 3. 유기벼와 일반벼의 질소안정동위원소존재비는 유의한 차이가 있었고(p<0.01) 이러한 차이는 유기 및 비유기 왕겨에서도 나타났다(p<0.05). $\delta^{15}N$값은 유기벼 및 비유기벼 판별의 지표로 유용한 것으로 사료된다. 4. 판별분석 SPSS와 Logistic을 적용하였을 때 현미와 백미를 제외하고 모두 유의한 차이가 있었다. 판별에는 왕겨가 가장 유용하였고, 미지시료의 83.3%가 바르게 분류될 수 있는 것으로 나타났다. SPSS방법은 벼와 왕겨, Logistic 방법은 네 가지 구성성분 모두 유의하게 나타났으나 그 중 검정값이 가장 높게 나타난 것은 왕겨로 83.3%가 바르게 분류될 수 있음이 확인되었다.