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  • Title/Summary/Keyword: organic control

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Evaluation of Basic Oxygen Furnace Slag as Soil Conditioner in the Rice Paddy Field (논토양 벼재배에서 제강슬래그의 토양개량제로서의 시용 효과)

  • Lim, June-Taeg;Lee, Yeen;Park, In-Jin;Lee, Choong-Il;Hyun, Kyu-Hawn;Kwon, Byung-Sun;Kim, Hak-Jin
    • Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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    • v.32 no.3
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    • pp.295-303
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    • 1999
  • An experiment was conducted to evaluate the possibility of using basic oxygen furnace (BOF) slag as a soil conditioner in rice paddy field. In 1997, rice (Oryza sativa B. cv. Dongjinbyeo) crop was cultivated under different application rates of BOF slag at three different places, Inandong Sunchon city, Youjunglee Bosung province, and Nampyung Najoo city. In each paddy field, five treatments, four application rate of BOF slag (0, 4, 8, 12Mgha1) and one application rate of lime (2Mgha1) were tried with three replications. Plant height, number of tillers per hill, leaf area per hill, leaf dry weight, calm dry weight or shoot dry weight per hill were measured five times at the interval of seven days. Chemical contents of rice plants and soil were also measured at the same sampling date Yield were estimated by harvesting 6.6m2 per experimental unit and yield components were measured by sampling 10 plants per experimental unit at the harvest date. Application of BOF slag hardly affected contents of soil organic matter, available phosphate and potassium in soil. Soil pH and contents of Ca, Mg, Fe and SiO2 enhanced as BOF slag rate increased. Enhancement of soil pH by ROF slag treatment appeared to be closely related with increase in soil Ca content. Application tate of 2Mgha1 of lime showed almost the same effect, in increase of soil Ca content as application rate of 48Mgha1 of BOF slag, Fe content in soil decreased sharply as time passed after slag treatment and stabilized more or less at the later sampling date. Contents of inorganic matter in plant such as total nitrogen, phosphate, potassium and Mg were not affected by BOF slag treatment. However, contents of Ca, Fe, and SiO2 in plants increased as slag rate became higher. The growth of rice plants with BOF slag treatment was more or less slower but continued persistently up to the later growth stage, so that growth of plants with BOF slag treatment was almost the same nr even greater than that of control or lime treatment. However, BOF slag rate of 12Mgha1 seemed to be too high because all the measurements of plant, growth at this rate showed lower values than those of other treatments at all the sampling dates. Treatments of BOF slag 4Mgha1 or 8Mgha1 showed higher rough rice yield than other treatments, so that the optimum BOF slag ratein rice paddy field seemed to be in the rage of 48Mgha1.

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A Study on the Influence of Youth Startup Support Project in Gangwon-do Province on Startup Performance (강원도 청년창업 지원사업이 창업성과에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구)

  • Yun, Jiwon;Park, Woojin;Bae, Byung Yun
    • Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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    • v.15 no.4
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    • pp.135-149
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    • 2020
  • As youth employment has become a social issue every year, the government is pushing for policies to support youth start-ups to create jobs voluntarily as a way to enhance the youth employment rate. In the case of young people in Gangwon Province, the number of people moving to other regions is increasing. This research is intended to empirically analyze the actual achievements of youth start-ups through the 'Youth Start-up Project' in Gangwon-do. It was divided into four categories: participation in government support, education completion, intellectual property right retention, and certification retention, which are characteristics of start-up companies, and hypotheses that they will have a positive impact on start-up performance (sales amount, duration of existence, or whether they are retained or not). Age and geographical factors (Yeongdong and Yeongseo) were injected as control variables to see how they affect them. Furthermore, empirical analysis was conducted by setting up a hypothesis that the characteristics of start-up companies and subsequent support between start-up performance would have a positive intermediary effect. The research results showed that the remaining characteristics, except for education completion, had a positive impact on sales, and that the more participation in government projects, the longer the duration of the company's existence. In addition, the level of participation in government support projects was significant in the direction of the government. The analysis results of the parameter, follow-up support, had a positive impact on the start-up performance, and the subsequent support mediating effect showed the mediating effect of the start-up performance, except for geographical factors. The results of this study suggest the need for customized support suitable for the characteristics of youth start-ups in order to enhance the performance of young start-ups. Support agencies need to refer to corporate characteristics for smooth management and selection. In the Gangwon-do area, the government should seek to provide timely and organic support for start-up companies in order to produce successful start-up cases.

Synergistic effect of phosphate solubilization by Burkholderia strains isolated from button mushroom bed (양송이배지로부터 분리한 Burkholderia균의 인산가용화 공조효과)

  • Park, Ji-Hoon;Han, Chang-Hoon;Yoon, Min-Ho
    • Journal of Mushroom
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    • v.15 no.4
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    • pp.183-189
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    • 2017
  • This study investigated the synergistic effect of single inoculation and co-inoculation of phosphate-solubilizing bacteria (PSB) Burkholderia metallica JH-7 and Burkholderia contaminans JH-15. Phosphate-solubilizing abilities of these strains were assessed by measuring phosphorus content in culture media that were singly inoculated or co-inoculated with these strains for 7 days. B. metallica JH-7 was found to release the highest content of soluble phosphorus (140.80μgmL1 ) into the medium, followed by single inoculation of B. contaminans JH-15 (135.95μgmL1 ) and co-inoculation of two strains (134.84μgmL1 ). The highest pH reduction, organic acid production, and glucose consumption were observed in the medium inoculated with B. metallica JH-7 alone compared with that in the medium co-inoculated with both the strains. Results of a plant growth promotion bioassay showed 17.4% and 7.48% higher leaf and root growth, respectively, in romaine lettuce inoculated with B. metallica JH-7 alone than in romaine lettuce inoculated with a control strain. However, no significant difference was observed between single inoculation and co-inoculation of these strains with respect to phosphorus release and plant growth. Although the results of the present study did not show the synergistic effect of phosphate solubilization by the PSB strains examined, these results indicate that treatment with PSB exerts a beneficial effect on crop growth.

Study of Oil Palm Biomass Resources (Part 5) - Torrefaction of Pellets Made from Oil Palm Biomass - (오일팜 바이오매스의 자원화 연구 V - 오일팜 바이오매스 펠릿의 반탄화 연구 -)

  • Lee, Ji-Young;Kim, Chul-Hwan;Sung, Yong Joo;Nam, Hye-Gyeong;Park, Hyeong-Hun;Kwon, Sol;Park, Dong-Hun;Joo, Su-Yeon;Yim, Hyun-Tek;Lee, Min-Seok;Kim, Se-Bin
    • Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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    • v.48 no.2
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    • pp.34-45
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    • 2016
  • Global warming and climate change have been caused by combustion of fossil fuels. The greenhouse gases contributed to the rise of temperature between 0.6C and 0.9C over the past century. Presently, fossil fuels account for about 88% of the commercial energy sources used. In developing countries, fossil fuels are a very attractive energy source because they are available and relatively inexpensive. The environmental problems with fossil fuels have been aggravating stress from already existing factors including acid deposition, urban air pollution, and climate change. In order to control greenhouse gas emissions, particularly CO2, fossil fuels must be replaced by eco-friendly fuels such as biomass. The use of renewable energy sources is becoming increasingly necessary. The biomass resources are the most common form of renewable energy. The conversion of biomass into energy can be achieved in a number of ways. The most common form of converted biomass is pellet fuels as biofuels made from compressed organic matter or biomass. Pellets from lignocellulosic biomass has compared to conventional fuels with a relatively low bulk and energy density and a low degree of homogeneity. Thermal pretreatment technology like torrefaction is applied to improve fuel efficiency of lignocellulosic biomass, i.e., less moisture and oxygen in the product, preferrable grinding properties, storage properties, etc.. During torrefacton, lignocelluosic biomass such as palm kernell shell (PKS) and empty fruit bunch (EFB) was roasted under an oxygen-depleted enviroment at temperature between 200 and 300C. Low degree of thermal treatment led to the removal of moisture and low molecular volatile matters with low O/C and H/C elemental ratios. The mechanical characteristics of torrefied biomass have also been altered to a brittle and partly hydrophobic materials. Unfortunately, it was much harder to form pellets from torrefied PKS and EFB due to thermal degradation of lignin as a natural binder during torrefaction compared to non-torrefied ones. For easy pelletization of biomass with torrefaction, pellets from PKS and EFB were manufactured before torrefaction, and thereafter they were torrefied at different temperature. Even after torrefaction of pellets from PKS and EFB, their appearance was well preserved with better fuel efficiency than non-torrefied ones. The physical properties of the torrefied pellets largely depended on the torrefaction condition such as reaction time and reaction temperature. Temperature over 250C during torrefaction gave a significant impact on the fuel properties of the pellets. In particular, torrefied EFB pellets displayed much faster development of the fuel properties than did torrefied PKS pellets. During torrefaction, extensive carbonization with the increase of fixed carbons, the behavior of thermal degradation of torrefied biomass became significantly different according to the increase of torrefaction temperature. In conclusion, pelletization of PKS and EFB before torrefaction made it much easier to proceed with torrefaction of pellets from PKS and EFB, leading to excellent eco-friendly fuels.

Antiproliferative Effect of Extracts, Fractions and Compound from Vitex rotundifolia on Human Cancer Cells (순비기 나무(Vitex rotundifolia) 추출.분획물 및 화합물의 인체 암세포 증식억제 효과)

  • Kim, You-Ah;Lee, Jung-Im;Kim, Hae-Jin;Kong, Chang-Suk;Nam, Taek-Jeong;Seo, Young-Wan
    • Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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    • v.52 no.4
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    • pp.180-186
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    • 2009
  • Whole plants of Vitex rotundifolia were extracted for 2 days with methylene chloride (CH2Cl2) followed by extraction of the residue for an additional 2 days. The same procedure was also applied using methanol (MeOH). The two crude extracts were combined and partitioned between CH2Cl2 and H2O. The organic layer was further partitioned between n-hexane and 85% aq. MeOH, and the aqueous layer was also further fractionated with n-BuOH and H2O, successively. From the 85% aq. MeOH fraction, one compound was isolated through the repeated HPLC. According to the results of physicochemical data including NMR and MS, the chemical structure of the compound was determined as artemetin (1). The antiproliferative effects of the crude extracts, fractions, and compound against HT1080, AGS, MCF-7 and HT-29 human cancer cells were compared with the control by using MTT assay. In the comparative analysis, the 85% aq. MeOH fraction exhibited the strongest antiproliferative effects on human cancer cell lines in a dose-dependent manner (p<0.05). In addition, exposure of compound 1 isolated from 85% aq. MeOH fraction led to strong antiproliferative effect in HT1080 cancer cell lines. These results suggest that the extracts and compound isolated from V. rotundifolia may be used as potential chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic agents.

Bioactivity of the Extract of Coptis chinensis: In-vitro Antifungal Activity against Phytophthora capsici and Growth-promotion Effect in Red-pepper (황련 추출물의 고추역병에 대한 In-vitro 항진균 활성 및 고추 생육촉진 효과)

  • Ahn, Seon-Mi;Lee, Dong-Sin;Kim, Mi-Sun;Choi, Su-Ji;Choi, Chung-Sik;Lee, Jung-Bok;Jang, Han-Su;Sohn, Ho-Yong
    • Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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    • v.37 no.3
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    • pp.280-286
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    • 2009
  • To investigate anti-phytopathogenic fungal activity of Coptis chinensis, the methanol extract and its organic solvent fractions were prepared. Using the extract and the fractions, in-vitro spore-germination inhibition and mycelial-growth inhibition activities were evaluated against Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, Phytohpthora capsici, Pyricularia grisea, Rhizoctonia solani, Botryosphaeri dothidea, Glomerella cingulata, respectively. Treatment of the methanol extract (500 mg/mL) into the spore of phytopathogenic fungi completely inhibited germinations for 5 days, except B. dothidea, and showed strong antifungal activities against P. grisea and B. cinerea, and antioomycetes activity against P. capsici. The minimal growth inhibition concentrations of the methanol extract against P. grisea, B. cinerea and P. capsici were 300, 300, and 500 mg/mL, respectively. For practical application of C. chinensis in red-pepper field, the hot-water extract (1,000 mg/mL) was prepared in commercial facility, after evaluation of heat stability and solvent-extraction yields of antifungal substances. The 3-times leaf-spray of the extract from June to August, 2008 did not show any deleterious effect to red-pepper. In fact, the leaf-spray promoted plant growth including leaf, root and fruit. The average weight and rind of each fruit were increased to 119% and 117% comparison to those of without treatments. Our results suggest that C. chinensis is a useful source for control of red-pepper diseases and plant growth.

A Study on Characterization of Formation and Reduction of THMs in Water Treatment Process (정수처리공정별 THMs 발생특성과 저감방안에 대한 연구)

  • Ka, Gil-Hyun;Bae, Min-Ho;Lee, Jun-Ho;Ahn, Chi-Hwa;Han, Ihn-Sup;Min, Byung-Dae
    • Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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    • v.30 no.7
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    • pp.721-728
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    • 2008
  • DBPs(Disinfection By-Products) are most formed through the reactions between chlorine and NOM(Natural Organic Matter) in water treatment. In this study, occurrence of DBPs including THMs(Trihalomethanes) is evaluated. Also, influencing factors by the seasons and raw water quality were investigated for correlation among them and the characteristics of THMs formation by prechlorination process. This study investigated the operation condition for THMs removal depending on raw water quality. Water treatment plant from intake station to gauging well flows for about 10 hours in Y Water Supply Office. It is limited to control of THMs formation because of excessive reaction time between chlorine and THMs precursors in the intake station. Therefore, as multi-points prechlorination from intake station to gauging well, THMs formation was decreased in the water treatment, and it was willing to prevent overdosage of chlorine. The concentration of THMs was 0.021 mg/L in the summer, 0.015 mg/L in the winter, respectively. Also, THMs formation showed that 0.013 mg/L in the water of gauging well after prechlorination, 0.014 mg/L in the flocculation/sedimentation/filtration, 0.016 mg/L in the water after postchlorination, respectively. THMFP(Trihalomethane Formation Potential) removed 42.7% and 50% through the flocculation/sedimentation and filtration, respectively, and it is similar TOC removal efficiency. In this study, multi-points prechlorination from intake station to gauging well decreases in contact time and concencrations of NOM and chlorine. Also, it decreases in THMs and amount of chlorine uesd. In the result of multi-points prechlorination in the summer, the concentration of THMs was 0.013mg/L in the treated water. In view of these facts, THMs formation can be decreased approximately 50%.

Physiochemical Properties and Plant Growth of The Hydroponic Substrate Using Waste Wood Chip (양액재배용 목재고형배지의 이화학적 특성과 작물생육 특성)

  • Kwon, Gu-Joong;Yang, Ji-Wook;Park, Hyo-Sub;Cho, Joon-Hyeong;Kim, Dae-Young
    • Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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    • v.43 no.3
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    • pp.400-409
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    • 2015
  • This study examined the plant growth and development characteristics of leafy vegetables on the hydroponic substrates of waste wood chips, radiate pine chips, and mat type of waste wood chips. The bulk density of waste wood chips and radiata pine chips were 0.2g/cm3 and 0.16g/cm3, respectively. The moisture retention properties of both the radiata pine chips and waste wood chips were found to be similar but not better than those of the control rock wool and coco peat hydroponic substrates. The moisture retention property of the mat type was found to be the lowest. The chemical analysis of waste wood hydroponic substrates (w/v) was as follows.; The pH was 6.59, electric conductivity was 6.76 dS/m, total nitrogen content was 0.5%, C/N ratio was 113%, phosphorus was 10.1 ppm, potassium was 77 ppm, calcium was 531 ppm, magnesium was 49 ppm, and sodium was 96 ppm. The results from the radiata pine chemical analysis showed that it had a pH of 5.29, electric conductivity of 4.49 dS/m, total nitrogen content of 0.32%, C/N ratio of 180%, phosphorus of 6.4 ppm, potassium of 83 ppm, calcium of 97 ppm, magnesium of 29 ppm, and sodium of 59 ppm. Except for the plants grown in mat type, the developmental characteristics of the plants grown in rock wool and coco peat hydroponic substrates were similar. Based on the results of the experiment, waste wood resources may possibly be used as an organic solid medium in place of the existing rock wool and coco peat medium.

Changes in Rice Yield, Nutrients' Use Efficiency and Soil Chemical Properties as Affected by Annul Application of Slag Silicate Fertilizer (규산질비료의 매년연용이 벼수량, 양분흡수 특성 및 토양화학성 변화에 관한 연구)

  • Kim, Chang-Bae;Choi, Jyung
    • Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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    • v.35 no.5
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    • pp.280-289
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    • 2002
  • This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of annual application of slowle cooled slag silicate fertilizer on rice yield and soil chemical properties. Field experiment was done on the condition of fertilization of silicate fertilizer 1,500 and 2,500kgha1 to the clay loam paddy field during 26 years from 1975 to 2000. The results obtained were as follows; Rice yield of NPK+silicate fertilizer 1,500kgha1 and 2,500kgha1 were increased by 15%, 8% respectively incomparion with NPK control plot in 2000(26th year). Changes in average rice yield for 5 years interval were continually showed increase in the treat of silicate fertilizer 1,500kgha1 compared to NPK and NPK+silicate fertilizer 2,500kgha1 treated plot. The amounts of N, K2O, CaO and MgO in the treat of silicate fertilizer 1,500kgha1 were much more than those of silicate fertilizer 2,500kg treated plot, and the treat of silicate fertilizer 1,500kgha1 showed higher in nutrients availability and fertilizers use efficiency than other treated plots at harvesting stage. Amount of N, P2O5, K2O and MgO in unhulled rice grain, those of CaO, MgO and K2O in rice straw and those of K2O and SiO2 in rice root were positively recognized significant relationships with grain yield. According to soil analysis after experiment in 2000, the silicate fertilizer 2,500kgha1 annually applied plot were increased especially in soil organic matter, CEC and available phosphate content in comparison with NPK+silicate fertilizer 2,500kgha1 applied plot.

Impacts of Oyster Shell and Peat Treatments on Soil Properties in Continuous Watermelon Cropping Greenhouse Plots (패화석 및 이탄 처리가 수박 연작지 토양의 특성에 미치는 영향)

  • Ahn, Byung-Koo;Lee, Jin-Ho;Lee, Young-Han
    • Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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    • v.43 no.4
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    • pp.438-445
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    • 2010
  • Soils in continuous monoculture cropping system generally have a number of physical and chemical problems. Thus, we studied to investigate selected soil properties in continuous watermelon cropping plots with applications of different soil management practices: 1) conventional farming practice (CFP), 2) chemical fertilizer management practice (FMP), the FMP with different amounts, 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 t ha1, of oyster shell meal application (FMP-OS 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 t ha1), and 3) the FMP with different amounts, 2.0, 3.0, and 4.0 t ha1, of peat application (FMP-PT 2.0, 3.0, and 4.0 t ha1) and also to evaluate watermelon quality. Soil pH slightly increased only in the FMP-OS 1.5 t ha1 plot, while it was not changed or decreased a little in other plots. The contents of soil organic matter (SOM) expectedly increased in the FMP-PT plots, whereas it markedly decreased in the FMP-OS plots. The concentrations of exchangeable cations, Ca2+, Mg2+, and K+, in soils were mostly dropped down in most of the FMP and FMP-PT plots. Otherwise, the exchangeable Ca2+ concentration increased a bit in the FMP-OS plots. Also, the concentrations of water-soluble anions, NO3, Cl, SO42, and PO43, in soils mostly declined in all the plots applied with the different management practices during the study years. Due to the cation and anion decreases, the electrical conductivity (EC) values in the soils were greatly reduced in the plots. Thus, the soil management practices applied, especially oyster shell meal and peat treatments, might be useful to control soil conditions. However, watermelon quality, such as sugar content and fruit weight, would not be associated with the soil management practices applied.