• 대한원격탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한원격탐사학회 2003년도 Proceedings of ACRS 2003 ISRS
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• pp.1194-1196
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• 2003

Variations in soil physical and chemical properties can affect agricultural productivity and the environmental implications of crop production. These variations are present and may be important at regional, field, and sub-field (precision agriculture) scales. Because traditional measurements are time-consuming and expensive, reflectance-based estimates of soil properties such as texture, organic matter content, water content, and nutrient status are attractive. Soil properties have been related to reflectance measured with laboratory, in-field, airborne, and satellite sensors. Both multispectral and hyperspectral instruments have been used, with both natural and artificial illumination. Varying levels of accuracy have been obtained, with the best results (r > 0.95) using hyperspectral reflectance data to estimate soil organic matter and water content.

• Spatial Information Research
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.533-550
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• 2002

Soil organic matter (SOM) content and other physical soil properties were extracted from a digital soil database, the Soil Survey Geographic (SSURGO) database, to map the amount of SOM and determine its relationship with topographic positions in floodplain areas along a river basin in Douglas County, Kansas. In the floodplains, results showed that slope and SOM content had a significant negative relationship. Soils near river channels were deep and nearly level, and they had the greatest SOM content in the floodplain areas. For the whole county, SOM content was influenced primarily by soil depth and percent SOM by weight. Among different slope areas, soils on mid-range slopes (10-15%) and ridgetops had the highest SOM content because they had relatively high percent SOM content by weight and very deep soils, respectively. SOM content was also significantly variable among different land cover types. Forest/woodland had significantly higher SOM content than others, followed by cropland, grassland, and urban areas.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.64-74
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• 2017

In this study, we have analyzed relationship between the measured Water Soluble Organic Carbon (WSOC) concentrations and the estimated aerosol water content of $PM_{10}$ (particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of less than or equal to $10{\mu}m$) for the period between September 2006 and August 2007 at Seoul, Korea. Water content of $PM_{10}$ was estimated by using a gas/particle equilibrium model, Simulating composition of Atmospheric Particles at Equilibrium 2 (SCAPE2). The WSOC concentrations showed low correlation with Elemental Carbon (EC), but Water Insoluble Organic Carbon (WISOC) were highly correlated with EC. It seemed that hydrophilic groups were produced by secondary formation rather than primary formation. As with the previous studies, WSOC showed good correlation with secondary ions ($NO_3{^-}$, $SO_4{^{2-}}$, $NH_4{^+}$), especially WSOC was highly correlated with $NO_3{^-}$ that is a secondary ion formed by photochemical oxidation from more local sources than $SO_4{^{2-}}$. No apparent correlation between the measured WSOC and estimated water content was observed. However, WSOC showed good correlation with estimated water content when it was assumed that relative humidity was higher than the deliquescence relative humidity of the system. In conclusion, WSOC is correlated with water content by hygroscopic ions and it is expected that nitrate play an important role among the water content and WSOC.

• 한국응용곤충학회지
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• 제38권1호
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• pp.47-52
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• 1999

토양중 유기물 함량 차이에 따른 토양내에서 carbofuran과 ethoprophos의 약효 변화, 수직 이동성 및 잔효성에 미치는 영향을 조사하기 위하여 고구마뿌리혹선충 (Meloidogyne incognita)을 공시하여 실험하였다. 두 약제 모구 토양중 유기물 함량이 많을수록 약효는 감소였다. 약제의 수직이동성은 토양 표면에서 0~2cm층에서는 유기물의 함량에 관계없이 두 약제 모두 80%이상의 높은 방제가를 보였으나, 2~4cm층에서는 유기물의 함량에 관계없이 두 약제 모두 80%이상의 높은 방제가를 보였으나, 2~4cm 층에서는 두 약제의 방제가가 다르게 나타났다. Carbofuran의 경우 유기물 함량에 따라 10~30%의 방제가를 나타냈으나, ethoprophos는 0.4% 유기물 토양에서만 약 30%의 방제가를 나타냈으며, 나머지 유기물 토양에서는 효과가 거의 없었다. 또한 4cm 이하의 토양에서는 carbofuran은 대부분의 토야에서 5~20%의 내외의 약효를 나타냈으나, ethoprophos은 거의 나타내지 않았다. 따라서 , 두 약제 중에서 토양중 이동성은 carbofuran이 더 큰 것으로 나타났다. 토양중 유기물 함량은 두 약제의 잔효지속기간에 큰 영향을 주었으며, 유기물 함량이 증가함에 따라 약효지속기간이 감소하였다. 약효의 반감기는 carbofuran의 경우 유기물 함량이 0.4%인 토양에서는 2~3주로 나타났으나, 0.8%, 1.6% 토양에서는 1주 정도였다. 한편, ethoprophos의 경우 0.4%, 0.8%의 토양에서는 3~4주, 1.6%인 토양에서는 1~2주로 나타났다. 그러나 두 약제 모두 3.2%의 유기물함량 토양에서 약제의 효과가 거의 나타나지 않았다.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.17-23
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• 2013

In order to evaluate the effect of various organic soil conditioner ratios on the soil moisture content and growth of Cotoneaster horizontalis, a container type for wall-planting experiment was conducted in a greenhouse at Konkuk University under non-irrigation. The experimental planting grounds were prepared with different organic soil conditioner ratios ($A_1L_0$, $A_8L_1$, $A_4L_1$ $A_2L_1$ and $A_1L_1$), and a drought-tolerant ornamental variety of Cotoneaster horizontalis was planted. The change in soil moisture content, plant height, number of branches, number of dead leaves, number of leaves, number of shoots, length of node, length of leaf, width of leaf, root-collar caliper, chlorophyll content, and survival rate were investigated, from April to Jun 2010. The results of soil moisture content measurements were analyzed with weight units in the container type for wall-planting during the dry summer season. The soil moisture contents were significantly enhanced in the container type for wall-planting in increasing order as the amount of soil conditioner level was increased ($A_1L_1$ > $A_2L_1$ > $A_4L_1$ > $A_8L_1$ > $A_1L_0$). Compared to the control treatment application (amended soil with 100% + organic soil conditioner 0%), the highest plant growth was observed in the treatment of $A_1L_1$ application (amended soil with 50% + organic soil conditioner 50%). However, the differences between the organic soil conditioner ratio treatments of $A_1L_1$, $A_4L_1$, and $A_8L_1$ organic soil conditioner application were mostly not significant. The survival rate increased with the increasing application of organic soil conditioner, but in the control treatment application all the plants died. The experimental results from clearly demonstrated that the organic soil conditioner improved the survival rate more than the growth of Cotoneaster horizontalis. Therefore, Cotoneaster horizontalis is expected to be a highly valuable shrub for green wall systems, when considered for us in integration system or for increasing soil water contents in planting grounds.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.17-21
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• 1974

우리나라 전토양(田土壤)의 유기물(有機物) 함량(含量)을 밝히고 토양(土壤)의 유기물(有機物) 함량(含量)과 주요형태적(主要形態的) 특성(特性)과의 관계(關係)를 조사(調査)한 결과(結果)를 요약(要約)하면 다음과 같다. 1. 전토양(田土壤)의 평균(平均) 유기물(有機物) 함량(含量)은 1.73%이며 대부분(大部分)이 0.6~2.5% 범위(範圍)에 있다. 2. 전토양(田土壤)의 토양아군별(土壤亞群別) 유기물(有機物) 함량(含量)을 보면 화산회(火山灰) 황갈색(黃褐色) 반숙토(半熟土)에서 13.0%, 부식(腐植) 황갈(黃褐) 반숙토(半熟土)에서 6.3%로서 많은 편(便)이며 퇴적(堆積) 황갈색(黃褐色) 미숙토(未熟土)는 1.0%로서 가장 적다. 그리고 미숙토(未熟土)의 평균(平均) 유기물(有機物) 함량(含量)은 1.1%에 반(反)하여 반숙토(半熟土)는 2.1% 및 1.8%로서 많다. 3. 토성별(土性別) 유기물(有機物) 함량(含量)을 보면 단면(斷面)의 토성(土性)이 사질(砂質)인 토양(土壤)의 평균(平均) 유기물(有機物) 함량(含量)은 1.0%, 사양질(砂壤質) 1.5% 식양질(埴壤質) 1.8%로서 이들 사이에는 점토(粘土)의 증가(增加)에 따라 유기물(有機物) 함량(含量)도 증가(增加)하지만 식양질(埴壤質)과 식질간(埴質間)에는 큰차(差)가 없다. 이와같은 경향(傾向)은 표토(表土)의 토성(土性)에서도 볼수 있었다. 4. 경사(傾斜)와 유기물(有機物) 함량(含量)의 관계(關係)에 있어서는 평탄지(平坦地)(1.3%)에 비(比)하여 경사지(傾斜地)(1.6%)에서 오히려 많은 경향(傾向)이며 특(特)히 15~30% 경사면(傾斜面)의 유기물함량(有機物含量)은 1.8%로 많았다. 5. 전토양(田土壤)의 적성등급(適性等級)에 따른 유기물(有機物) 함량(含量)은 1급지(級地)에서 1.3% 2급지(級地)에서 1.6% 3급지(級地)에서 1.7% 4급지(級地)에서 1.2%로서 급지(級地)와 유기물(有機物) 함량(含量)과는 관계(關係)가 없었다.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제44권6호
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• pp.1314-1319
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• 2011

This study was carried out to investigate the surface soil organic carbon fractions affecting by different land use types, including needle-leaf forest (FN), broad-leaf forest (FB), pasture, annual upland cropping land (upland), and paddy rice land (paddy). We chose seven regions across Korean inland, considering sea level altitude, and measured soil organic carbon content and physico-chemical properties such as bulk density at a depth of 0~15 cm using core samples in April for the each land use type. In addition, labile organic carbon fractions in soil including light fraction and hot water extractable carbon were investigated. From this study, organic carbon storage (Mg C per ha) in the upper 15-cm soils was highest in FB (37.8), and decreased in the order of pasture (29.1), FN (28.8), paddy (21.9), and upland crop (19.9). In forest, more than 20% of soil organic carbon existed as light fraction, the free organic matter. Hot-water extractable carbon contents of soils in five land use types were lower than 7% of their soil organic carbon content.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.134-139
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• 1985

정밀토양조사(精密土壤調査) 결과(結果) 밝혀진 315개(個) 토양(土壤)(제주도(濟州道) 60개(個) 토양(土壤) 제외(除外))에 대한 14개(個) 토양특성(土壤特性)을 수집(蒐集)하여 토지이용별(土地利用別), 토심별(土深別), 배수등급별(排水等級別)로 단순상관(單純相關)과 다중상관(多重相關)을 분석(分析)하였다. 토양물리화학적(土壤物理化學的) 성질(性質) 상호관계(相互關係)가 밝혀졌으며 점토함량(粘土含量)과 유기물함량(有機物含量)을 가지고 양(陽)이온 치환용량(置換容量)(CEC)을 계산(計算)할 수 있는 회귀식(回歸式)을 구(求)하였는데 우리나라 점토(粘土)의 CEC는 22me/100g, 유기물(有機物)의 CEC는 103.3me/100g이었다. 보수력(保水力)은 점토함량(粘土含量) 및 유기물(有機物)과 고도(高度)의 유의성(有意性)이 있는 회귀관계(回歸關係)가 성립(成立)되었으며 점토함량(粘土含量)의 회귀계수(回歸係數)는 배수(排水)가 불량(不良)할수록 증대(增大)되었으며 유기물(有機物)의 계수(係數)는 배수(排水)가 약간 양호한 경우가 가장 높았다. 유기물함량(有機物含量)은 토성(土性)과 pH를 가지고 계산(計算)할 수 있었으며 pH가 증가(增加)될수록 유기물함량(有機物含量)은 낮아졌고, pH를 가지고 염기포화도(鹽基飽和度)를 계산(計算)할 수 있었다.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.128-136
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• 2016

BACKGROUND: Hydrothermal carbonization reaction is the thermo-chemical energy conversion technology for producing the solid fuel of high carbon density from organic wastes. The hydrothermal carbonization reaction is accompanied by the thermal hydrolysis reaction which converse particulate organic matters to soluble forms (hydro-thermal hydrolysate). Recently, hydrothermal carbonization is adopted as a pre-treatment technology to improve anaerobic digestion efficiency. This research was carried out to assess the effects of hydro-thermal reaction temperature on the methane potential and anaerobic biodegradability in the thermal hydrolysate of organic sludge generating from the wastewater treatment plant of poultry slaughterhouse .METHODS AND RESULTS: Wastewater treatment sludge cake of poultry slaughterhouse was treated in the different hydro-thermal reaction temperature of 170, 180, 190, 200, and 220℃. Theoretical and experimental methane potential for each hydro-thermal hydrolysate were measured. Then, the organic substance fractions of hydro-thermal hydrolysate were characterized by the optimization of the parallel first order kinetics model. The increase of hydro-thermal reaction temperature from 170℃ to 220℃ caused the enhancement of hydrolysis efficiency. And the methane potential showed the maximum value of 0.381 Nm³ kg^-1-VS_added in the hydro-thermal reaction temperature of 190℃. Biodegradable volatile solid(VSB) content have accounted for 66.41% in 170℃, 72.70% in 180℃, 79.78% in 190℃, 67.05% in 200℃, and 70.31% in 220℃, respectively. The persistent VS content increased with hydro-thermal reaction temperature, which occupied 0.18% for 170℃, 2.96% for 180℃, 6.32% for 190℃, 17.52% for 200℃, and 20.55% for 220℃.CONCLUSION: Biodegradable volatile solid showed the highest amount in the hydro-thermal reaction temperature of 190℃, and then, the optimum hydro-thermal reaction temperature for organic sludge was assessed as 190℃ in the aspect of the methane production. The rise of hydro-thermal reaction temperature caused increase of persistent organic matter content.

• 유기물자원화
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.45-52
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• 2016

본 연구에서는 I시 위치한 3개 도서에 대한 유기성폐기물의 성상분석 및 바이오가스 발생량을 예측하였다. 3개 도서지역의 대표 지점에서 채취한 유기성 폐기물 시료에 대하여 pH, BOD, COD, 삼성분(수분, 회분, 가연분)등의 총 6가지 항목들에 대한 성상분석을 실시하였다. 3개 도서지역의 성상검토결과를 토대로, COD값에 대한 총 메탄생성량 계산결과 연평균 $1,750,000m^3$이상의 메탄가스가 생성되는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 따라서, 도서지역 내 유기성 폐기물을 소각 등의 처리 시설이 아닌 바이오가스 생산시설로의 전환이 이루어진다면 유기성폐기물의 효율적 활용이 가능할 것으로 판단된다.