• 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수자원학회 1995년도 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.238-244
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• 1995

• 멤브레인
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.104-107
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• 2017

역삼투막 운영에 있어서 유기물 오염에 대한 문제들을 해결하기 위해 많은 연구를 하고 있다. 현재 가성소다(NaOH)를 사용하여 유기물 오염 제거를 하고 있다. 본 연구는 지속적인 막오염 증가 문제를 해결하기 위한 물리/화학적 세정 기법으로서 기존에 사용하던 가성소다와 Micro-bubble를 이용하여 유기물 오염 제거 실험을 수행되었다. 멤브레인 강제 오염을 위해 Humic acid sodium, Bovine serum albumin, Sodium alginate 약품을 사용하여 유기물 오염을 시켰다. 유기물 오염에 따른 Flux를 관찰하였고, 가성소다와 Micro-bubble를 이용한 유기물 오염 제거 실험은 가성소다로만 사용했을 때보다 향상된 것을 관찰했다.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.41-50
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• 2001

점토 광물은 매립지 침출수로부터 유해한 오염물질을 제거하고 고정화시키기 위한 흡착제로서 많이 이용되어져왔다. 그러나 천연 점토나 천연 점토에 계면활성제를 흡착시킨 유기점토는 중금속과 유기오염물질을 동시에 효과적으로 제거시킬 수 없다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 중금속과 유기오염물질을 동시에 제거시키기 위해 천연 점토에 첨가할 계면활성제의 최적량을 결정하는 것을 목표로 하고 있다. 이를 위해 천연 점토로는 Na-벤토나이트를, 양이온 계면활성제로는 HDTMA를 사용하였고, 대표적인 오염물질로 납과 클로로벤젠을 선택하여 실험하였다. 실험 결과 클로로벤젠은 HDTMA를 점토에 많이 첨가할수록 많이 제거되었고, 반면에 납은 HDTMA의 첨가량이 증가할수록 그 제거율이 감소하였다. 또한 클로로벤젠은 초기농도보다는 오히려 첨가된 HDTMA의 양에 더 많은 영향을 받았으나, 납은 초기농도에 의해 훨씬 더 많은 영향을 받는 것을 관찰할 수 있었다. 납과 클로로벤젠의 상호 작용을 알아보기 위한 실험 결과에서 납은 클로로벤젠에 의해 영향을 받지 않았으며, 클로로벤젠의 경우에서도 마찬가지였다.

• 한국수자원학회논문집
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• 제39권6호
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• pp.511-520
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• 2006

강변여과는 강물을 강변의 충적대수층에 통과시켜 지층의 자체정화능력을 이용하여 오염물질을 상당량 저감시킨 후 양수하는 방식이다. 국내에서는 대부분의 원수를 지표수에서 취수하여 사용하고 있는 실정이나, 오염물질의 증가로 인하여 지표수를 원수로 사용하기가 점점 어려워지고 있다. 강변여과를 이용하여 양질의 원수를 확보하기 위해서는 오염물 이동에 관한 이해가 중요하다. 본 연구에서는 대수층에 용존성 유기물질(DOM)과 박테리아가 동시에 존재할 경우를 대상으로 대수층을 4상(four-phase: 흙입자, 물, 박테리아, 용존성 유기물질)으로 모델링하고, 이들의 물리, 화학, 생물학적 특성을 고려하여 물질의 거동을 기술하는 수학적 모델을 제시하였다. DOM과 박테리아와 같은 콜로이드성 물질은 오염물의 이동을 가속시키고, 평형 분배계수가 중요한 역할을 하는 인자인 것으로 나타났다.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.345-353
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• 2018

This paper summarizes results of research on the electrochemical (EC) degradation of disinfection by-products (DBPs) and iodine-containing contrast media (ICMs), with the focus on EC reductive dehalogenation. The efficiency of EC dehalogenation of DBPs increases with the number of halogen atoms in an individual DBP species. EC reductive cleavage of bromine from parent DBPs is faster than that of chlorine. EC data and quantum chemical modeling indicate that the EC reduction of iodine-containing DBPs (I-DBPs) is characterized by the formation of active iodine that reacts with the organic substrate. The occurrence of ICMs has attracted attention due to their association with the generation of I-DBPs. Indirect EC oxidation of ICMs using anodes that produce reactive oxygen species can result in a complete degradation of these compounds yet I-DBPs are formed in the process. Reductive EC deiodination of ICMs is rapid and its overall rate is diffusion-controlled yet I-DBPs are also produced in this reaction. Further progress in practically feasible EC methods to remove DBPs, ICMs and other trace-level organic contaminants requires the development of novel electrocatalytic materials, elimination of mass transfer limitations via innovative design of 3D electrodes and EC reactors, and further progress in the understanding of intrinsic mechanisms of EC reactions of DBPs and TrOC at EC interfaces.

• Membrane and Water Treatment
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.123-146
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• 2014

Safe water has becoming a competitive resource in many parts of the world due to increasing population, prolonged droughts, climate change etc. The development of economical and stable materials and methods for providing the fresh water in adequate amounts is the need of the water industry. Nanomaterials have unique characteristics e.g., large surface areas, size, shape, and dimensions etc. that make them particularly attractive for removing various contaminants from polluted waters. Nanotechnology based multifunctional and highly efficient membrane processes are providing affordable solutions in the new era that do not rely on large infrastructures or centralizes systems. The objective of the current study is to review the possible applications of the membrane based nanomaterials/composites for the removal of various contaminations from polluted waters. The article will briefly overview the availability and practice of different nanomaterials based membranes for removal of bacteria and viruses, organic compounds and inorganic solutes etc. present in surface water, ground water, seawater and/or industrial water. Finally, recommendations are made based on the current practices of nanofiltration membranes in water industry for a stand-alone membrane filtration system in removing various types of contaminants from polluted waters.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제20권9호
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• pp.1040-1044
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• 1999

A micro porous PTFE membrane desolvator (MMD) was built and evaluated for the on-line removal of organic solvents to facilitate the determination of trace metal contaminants in the solvents by ICP-AES. Three organic solvents, isopropyl alcohol (IPA), methanol, and dimethy sulfoxide (DMSO) were studied. The MMD reduced organic solvent concentration in the sample aerosol stream by 82% to 89%, as indicated by monitoring C(I) emission. Net signal intensity of Fe, Al, and Cu was increasing with higher organic solvent concentration, with the rate of increase being solvent dependent. The signal intensities for Mg and Pb followed the trend with the C(I) signal. Changing the sweep gas flow rate affected the optimum signal intensity. Wine samples were analyzed by the method of standard addition. The concentrations of B, Al, and Mg were determined with a relative precision of less than 2.3%.

• 대한자원환경지질학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한자원환경지질학회 2002년도 제18차 공동학술강연회 자연저감고 지질학 (대한 자원 환경지질학회)
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• pp.81-100
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• 2002

While most of regulatory communities in abroad recognize ' 'natural attenuation " to include degradation, dispersion, dilution, sorption (including precipitation and transformation), and volatilization as governing Processes, regulators prefer "degradation" because this mechanism destroys the contaminant of concern. Unfortunately, true degradation only applies to organic contaminants and short- lived radionuclides, and leaves most metals and long-lived radionuclides. The natural attenuation Processes may reduce the potential risk Posed by site contaminants in three ways: (i)contaminants could be converted to a less toxic form througy destructive processes such as biodegradation or abiotic transformations; (ii) potential exposure levels may be reduced by lowering concentrations (dilution and dispersion); and (iii) contaminant mobility and bioavailability may be reduced by sorption to geomedia. In this review, authors will focus will focul on "sorption" among the natural attenuation processes of hazardous inorganic contaminants including radionuclides. Note though that sorption and transformation processes of inorganic contaminants in the natural setting could be influenced by biotic activities but our discussion would limit only to geochemical reactions involved in the natural attenuation. All of the geochemical reactions have been studied in-depth by numerous researchers for many years to understand "retardation" process of contaminants in the geomedia. The most common approach for estimating retardation is the determination of distrubution coefficiendts ($K_{d}$) of contaminants using parametric or mechanistic models. As typocally used in fate and contaminant transport calculations such as predictive models of the natural attenuation, the $K_{d}$ is defined as the ratio of the contaminant concentration in the surrounding aqueous solution when the system is at equilibrium. Unfortunately, generic or default $K_{d}$ values can result in significant error when used to predict contaminant migration rate and to select a site remediation alternative. Thus, to input the best $K_{d}$ value in the contaminant transport model, it is essential that important geochemical processes affecting the transport should be identified and understood. Precipitation/dissolution and adsorption/desorption are considered the most important geochemical processes affecting the interaction of inorganic and radionuclide contaminants with geomedia at the near and far field, respectively. Most of contaminants to be discussed in this presentation are relatively immobile, i.e., have very high $K_{d}$ values under natural geochemical environments. Unfortunately, the obvious containment in a source area may not be good enough to qualify as monitored natural attenuation site unless owner demonstrate the efficacy if institutional controls that were put in place to protect potential receptors. In this view, natural attenuation as a remedial alternative for some of sites contaminated by hazardous-inorganic components is regulatory and public acceptance issues rather than scientific issue.

• 환경생물
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.328-336
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• 2003

Biological and ecological characteristics of Diporeia spp. are described including size, growth, life cycle, energy storage, temperature effect, bioturbation, feeding depth and sediment ingestion of Diporeia. Bioaccumulation and toxicity of organic contaminants and trace metals were reviewed in addition to an examination of the relationships among various condition indexes (i.e. wet weight, dry weight and body length) of Diporeia.

• 대한자원환경지질학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한자원환경지질학회 2005년도 춘계 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.175-178
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• 2005