• Animal Bioscience
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• 제35권8호
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• pp.1174-1183
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• 2022

Objective: This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of the provision of a protein-rich supplement on productive performance, and metabolic profile on grazing suckling female beef calves in tropical conditions during 150 d of experimentation. Methods: Fifty-six Nellore suckling female calves, and their respective dams were distributed in a completely randomised design and made to undergo two treatments as follows: UNS (without supplementation), and SUP (supplementation with 5 g/kg body weight [BW] of a protein supplement). Throughout the experiment, animal performance and metabolic profile were evaluated. Also, ureagenesis and gluconeogenesis were assessed for gene expression. Results: SUP female calves showed a higher voluntary intake (p≤0.03) of the diet components evaluated, digestibility of organic matter (p≤0.02) and microbial nitrogen production (MICN; p≤0.02) compared to UNS female calves. In its turn, serum urea nitrogen (p≤0.01) and insulin-like growth factor-1 (p≤0.03) levels and ureagenesis (p≤0.04) increased in SUP female calves compared to UNS female calves. Blood glucose and triglyceride levels were not affected by supplementation. The average daily gain (ADG) from SUP female calves was higher (p≤0.02) compared with UNS female calves. However, supplementation did not affect the body measures of the animals. Conclusion: In summary, provision of a protein-rich supplement improves the intake and nutrients digestibility, ADG and final BW and increases metabolic indicators of the protein status in grazing suckling female beef calves in tropical conditions.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제27권10호
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• pp.1513-1520
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• 2014

The present aim was to investigate the effects of traditional Chinese medicine prescriptions (TCM) on body temperature, blood physiological parameters, nutrient apparent digestibility and growth performance of beef cattle under heat stress conditions. Twenty-seven beef cattle were randomly divided into three groups as following; i) high temperature control (HTC), ii) traditional Chinese medicine prescriptions I+high temperature (TCM I) and iii) traditional Chinese medicine prescriptions II+high temperature (TCM II) (n = 9 per group). The results showed that the mean body temperature declined in TCM II treatment (p<0.05). Serum $T_3$ and $T_4$ levels with TCM I and TCM II treatments elevated (p<0.05), and serum cortisol levels of TCM I treatments decreased (p<0.05), compared with the HTC group. Total protein, albumin, globulin in TCM II treatments elevated and blood urea nitrogen levels of both TCM treatments increased, but glucose levels of both TCM treatments decreased, compared with the HTC group (p<0.05). The apparent digestibility of organic matter and crude protein with TCM I treatment increased, and the apparent digestibility of acid detergent fiber elevated in both TCM treatments (p<0.05). Average daily feed intake was not different among three groups, however average daily gain increased and the feed:gain ratio decreased with both TCM treatments, compared with the HTC group (p<0.05). The present results suggest that dietary supplementation with TCM I or TCM II improves growth performance of heat stressed beef cattle by relieving heat stress responses and increasing nutrient apparent digestibility.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제26권5호
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• pp.567-572
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• 1994

유기용매나 계면활성제를 첨가하지 않은 효소반응계의 고상계에서 경화우지와 글리세롤(GL)로부터 디글리세리드(DG)를 생산하기 위해 리파제에 의한 글리세롤리시스 반응온도의 최적화를 수행하였다. 두 기질은 트리글리세리드(TG)인 경화우지가 완전히 디글리세리드로 전환하기에 적합한 몰비율인 GL/TG=0.5로 하여 반응시켰다. $60^{\circ}C$에서의 글리세로리시스반응는 액상에서의 평형으로 인하여 높은 함량의 디글리세리드의 생산은 불가능하였으며 반응온도를 경화우지의 녹는점 보다 낮게 조정하여 반응혼합물의 고상화를 유도함으로써 디글리세리드의 함량을 증가시킬 수가 있었다. 초기 2시간을 $60^{\circ}C$에서 반응시켜 트리글리세리드를 급격히 감소시킨 후에 $55^{\circ}C$에서 4시간을 유지시키고 마지막으로 $50^{\circ}C$에서 계속 수일간 반응시키는 것이 디글리세리드이 생산에 가장 적합한 생산조건이었다. 글리세로리시스반응 72시간 후 71%의 DG가 생성되었다. 전체 디글리세리드 중의 73%가 1,3-DG였고 27%가 1,2-DG 였다. 글리세로리시스 반응 동안 2% 내외의 자유지방산 생성이 확인되었다.

• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.79-93
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• 2013

본 연구는 허브부식토 급여가 비육우의 증체 및 육질개선 효과를 조사하기 위해 대조구, 허브부식토제제 첨가구(허브초탄, T1), 코팅 비타민 C제제 첨가구(Vit. C, T2) 및 코팅 비타민 C제제와 허브부식토제제 혼합 첨가구(허브초탄+Vit. C, T3)로 나누고 공시동물은 각 시험구당 5두씩 임의 배치하여 수행하였다. 개시체중은 대조구, T1, T2 및 T3구에서 각각 $689{\pm}31$, $661{\pm}24$, $659{\pm}32$ 및 $622{\pm}19kg$이었으며, 종료 체중을 계산한 일당증체량은 T3구에서 대조구와 비교하여 8.3% 높았으며, T1 및 T2구에서도 대조구와 비교하여 약 2.9% 높았다. 실험 경과 후 BUN은 T2구에서 T3구와 비교하여 유의하게 높게 나타났으나(p<0.05), glucose, AST, ALT 및 총 단백질 함량은 차이가 없었다. 도체등급 판정에 의한 도체중, 등지방두께, 근내지방, 등심단면적, 육량지수 및 육질등급을 조사하였으나 처리구간 유의한 차이는 없었다. 그러나 등심의 조지방 함량은 T1, T2, 및 T3에서 각각 9.92, 14.69 및 13.00%로 T2구에서 대조구 및 T1구보다 높게 나타났다. 도체의 지방산 조성은 linoleic acid(C18:2n6) 경우 대조구와 비교하여 T3에서 유의하게 낮은 경향을 보였지만, ${\gamma}$linoleic acid(C18:3n6)은 T3구에서 다른 처리구와 비교하여 가장 높은 함량은 나타냈다. 전반적인 실험의 결과를 종합하여 볼 때 부식토 급여가 육질 등급을 다소 개선하는 경향이 있었으나, 육량 및 육질 향상을 위한 비육 전기간 부식토를 급여하는 연구가 추 후 이루어져야 할 것으로 판단된다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제19권10호
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• pp.1450-1454
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• 2006

Three hundred and seventy-five steers (approximately 7 mo of age and $239.0{\pm}10.4kg$) were utilized to determine the effects of trace mineral (TM) supplementation and source on performance during the on-farm backgrounding and feedlot receiving phases of beef cattle production. At their respective ranches, steers were stratified by body weight into six groups. Groups were then assigned to one of six pens and pens were randomly assigned to treatments. Treatments consisted of: 1) control (no supplemental Cu, Zn, Mn, and Co), 2) inorganic trace mineral ($CuSO_4$, $ZnSO_4$, $MnSO_4$, and $CoCO_3$), and 3) organic trace mineral (iso-amounts of organic Cu, Zn, Mn, and Co). Mineral treatments were fed in alfalfa pellets formulated to supply 360 mg of Zn, 200 mg of Mn, 125 mg of Cu, and 12.5 mg of Co per head per day from either organic or inorganic trace mineral sources. Control steers received alfalfa pellets with no additional Cu, Zn, Mn, or Co. Steers were allowed free access to harvested alfalfa-grass hay throughout the 30-d on-farm backgrounding phase. On day 30 post-weaning, steers were weighed and transported to the feedlot. Steers were blocked by treatment within ranch, stratified by initial body weight, and randomly assigned to one of 36 pens (9-12 head per pen; 12 pens per treatment). Steers remained on the same on-farm backgrounding trace mineral treatments, however, trace mineral treatments were included in the total mixed growing ration. Steers were fed a corn silage-based growing diet throughout the 28 d feedlot receiving period. There was no effect of TM supplementation on performance of steers during the on-farm backgrounding phase. By the end of the 28-d feedlot receiving phase, ADG was similar between control and trace mineral supplemented steers. Steers supplemented with organic TM had greater (p<0.05) ADG than steers supplemented with inorganic TM by the end of the 28-d feedlot receiving phase. Morbidity and mortality rates were similar across treatments.

• 환경정책연구
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.41-61
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• 2008

우리나라 친환경농산물시장은 외형적으로 꾸준히 증가하고 있지만, 친환경농산물에 대한 소비자들의 신뢰도는 낮은 것으로 나타나, 친환경농산물시장의 발전에 걸림돌이 되고 있다. 따라서 친환경농산물시장을 활성화하고 궁극적으로 국민 건강의 증진 및 개방화시대에 우리나라 농업이 살아남기 위해서는, 친환경농산물을 비롯한, 한우와 수입우 등 '신뢰재(Credence Good)' 시장에서의 정보비대칭성(Information Asymmetry) 문제가 해소되어야 한다. 게임이론을 통하여 이러한 정보비대칭성을 계측할 수 있으나, 게임 참가자들의 보상(payoff)을 계측하는 문제의 해결이 용이하지 않고, 가능하더라고 유의성을 담보할 수 없다. 따라서 대안으로 Shannon(1948)에 의하여 주창된 정보엔트로피(Information Entropy; 정보무질서도 또는 정보교란도)의 측정을 통하여 정보비대칭성 지표를 개발하고 이를 토대로 친환경농산물시장을 관리하여야 한다. 본 연구에 따르면, 2003년 이후 친환경농산물시장의 정보엔트로피는 꾸준히 감소하고 있으며, 정책적 제안으로 인증제도의 개선 및 지표의 개발을 통하여 친환경농산물시장을 활성화시킬 것을 주장하였다.

• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.523-538
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• 2013

To help improve the current government practice of direct damage-compensation policies, resulting from the loss of profit, sustained by Hanwoo farmers, as a result of the recent Korea-U. S. Free Trade Agreement (FTA), this research aims to examine any problems or issues caused by said policies. To accomplish this task, we have established Hanwoo-SIMO model and estimated the damage of Hanwoo farmers, one without the implementation of the FTA and another with the FTA, to compare and contrast the two. We then analyzed the efficacy of the current government policies. According to our analysis, the current direct compensation policies for the loss of profit on the part of Hanwoo farmers are insufficient. To address this problem, we recommend the government enact a new direct damagecompensation law to address the following issues. First, as the base formula of damage-compensation, the government should use current price of the beef rather than the annually changing flexible price. Second, the flexible control index should remain fixed at 1.0 rate while the government prepares the adequate amount of the damage compensating direct payment resulting from the FTA. Third, the direct government compensation policy should extend beyond the current 15 years (2013-2026) as the profit loss is expected to increase after the midpoint of the FTA.

• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.393-403
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• 2009

자가 생산 유기볏짚을 이용하여 한우사육농가(홍성)에서 공시축 16두(일반축 8두, 유기시험축 8두)을 공시하여 생후 8개월령부터 28개월령까지 20개월간 사양시험을 한 결과는 다음과 같다. 발육에 있어 전기간 증체량은 대조구 492.6kg, 유기구 478kg이며, 일당증체량은 대조구 0.81kg, 유기구 0.79kg으로 대조구가 유기구에 비하여 증체량 및 일당증체량은 약간 높았다. 배합사료의 건물섭취량은 대조구(6.39kg)가 유기구(6.13kg)보다 높았으며, CP 및 TDN 섭취량도 대조구가 유기구에 비하여 약간 높았으나 차이는 보이지 않았다. kg증체당 배합사료요구율은 유기구(7.86kg)가 대조구(7.77kg)보다 개선된 경향을 보였으나 차이는 보이지 않았다. 비육중기 단계에서 유기구(T2)가 일당증체량이 0.84kg으로 대조구(T1) 0.99kg 보다 낮은 것은(p<0.05) 유기 배합사료의 에너지 함량이 낮고 기호성에 따른 원인에 기인한 것으로 판단된다. 비육후기(23-28개월령) 사료섭취량의 증가로 발육(일당증체량 : 대조구 0.59, 유기구 0.64) 및 도체등급(육량 및 육질)에 영향을 미친것으로 사료된다. 대조구가 유기구에 비하여 육량지수에 미치는 등지방두께가 감소하고 등심단면적으로 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 또한 육질등급의 경우 근내지방도가 유기구(3.75)가 대조구(3.13)에 비하여 향상되는 결과를 보였다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제29권10호
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• pp.1424-1431
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• 2016

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of diets containing different amounts of wheat, as a partial or whole substitute for corn, on digestibility, digestive enzyme activities, serum metabolite contents and ruminal fermentation in beef cattle. Four Limousin${\times}$LuXi crossbred cattle with a body weight ($400{\pm}10kg$), fitted with permanent ruminal, proximal duodenal and terminal ileal cannulas, were used in a $4{\times}4$ Latin square design with four treatments: Control (100% corn), 33% wheat (33% substitution for corn), 67% wheat (67% substitution for corn), and 100% wheat (100% substitution for corn) on a dry matter basis. The results showed that replacing corn with increasing amounts of wheat increased the apparent digestibility values of dry matter, organic matter, and crude protein (p<0.05). While the apparent digestibility of acid detergent fiber and neutral detergent fiber were lower with increasing amounts of wheat. Digestive enzyme activities of lipase, protease and amylase in the duodenum were higher with increasing wheat amounts (p<0.05), and showed similar results to those for the enzymes in the ileum except for amylase. Increased substitution of wheat for corn increased the serum alanine aminotransferase concentration (p<0.05). Ruminal pH was not different between those given only corn and those given 33% wheat. Increasing the substitution of wheat for corn increased the molar proportion of acetate and tended to increase the acetate-to-propionate ratio. Cattle fed 100% wheat tended to have the lowest ruminal $NH_3-N$ concentration compared with control (p<0.05), whereas no differences were observed among the cattle fed 33% and 67% wheat. These findings indicate that wheat can be effectively used to replace corn in moderate amounts to meet the energy and fiber requirements of beef cattle.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.341-345
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• 2003

Organic acid salt of fatty polyamide (DDDT) and acrylate of fatty carbamide (DDTCA) were synthesized as a main component for the softener. O/W type non-ionic softener (NSC) was prepared by blending DDDT and DDTCA with beef tallow, lanolin anhydride. polyoxyethylene(7) stearyl ether, and polyoxyethylene(50) oleyl ether. After treatment of NSC to all cotton fabrics, the physical properties such as tear strength, crease recovery, and flexing abrasion resistance were measured. As a result of the measurement, NSC was proved to be durable non-ionic softener with good softness.