• 한국작물학회지
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.242-247
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• 1988

향미 원료용 연초의 생육중 토양수분에 따른 잎담배의 화학성분과 품질과의 관계를 분석한 결과, 1. 토양수분이 많을수록 초장, 최대엽의 장, 폭등 개체생장이 증대되고 개화일수가 짧았으나 건조엽의 품질은 낮았다. 2 토양수분이 많을수록 생엽중 엽록소와 카로티노이드 함량이 높고, 건조엽중 니코틴, 석유에텔 유출물, 전질소함량이 낮았으며, 회분함량 및 pH는 높아졌다. 3. 토양수분이 많을수록 배휘발생 유기산과 고급지방산 함량이 높았으나 차이는 크지 않았다. 4. 토양수분이 많을수록 향미엽의 특성성분인 3-methyl pentanoic acid 등의 휘발성 유기산 함량의 감소가 컸으며 대부분의 휘발성 중성부 함량도 감소 경향이었다. 5. 토양수분이 다른 조건에서 생육한 잎담배의 품질을 비교하기 위해서는 석유에텔 추출물, 휘발성 유기산, 휘발성 중성부, 회분함량 및 pH등을 이용한 지수가 바람직하였다.

• 한국잡초학회지
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.283-290
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• 1988

개비름, 쇠별꽃, 쇠무릎, 며느리배꼽, Galinsoga ciliata 등(等)으로부터 추출용매(抽出溶媒)에 따른 상치 발아억제현상(發芽抑制現像)과 penol, 지방산(脂肪酸) 및 유기산(有機酸) 등(等)을 분리(分離) 동정(同定)한 결과(結果)는 다음과 같다. 추출용매제(抽出溶媒劑)로는 ethanol과 ether 추출액(抽出液)에서 상치의 발아억제(發芽抑制)가 가장 강(强)하게 나타났다. 총(總) phenol 함량(含量)은 Galinsoga ciliata에서 27.5 mg/10 g으로 가장 많았고, 며느리배꼽이 18.1 mg, 쇠별꽃 17.0 mg, 개비름 12.9 mg, 쇠무릎 12.8mg 순(順)이였다. Diphenol함량(含量)은 free fraction에서 Galinsoga ciliata가 9.4 mg/10g, 며느리배꼽 5.1 mg, 쇠별꽃 4.8 mg, 개비름 2.2 mg 및 쇠무릎 1.8 mg 순(順)이었으며 대체로 수용(水溶) 및 alcohol 추출(抽出)에서 강(彈)하게 억제현상(抑制現像)을 보인 종(種)들이 많은 phenol 함량(含量)을 함유(含有)하고 있었다. Phenol 물질(物質)로는 개비름에는 p-cresol, hydroquinone, ferulic, caffeic, p-cl-benzoic, p-coumaric, catechol 산(酸) 등(等)이 많이 함유(含有)되어 있었고, 쇠별꽃, 쇠무릎, 며느리배꼽 및 Galinsoga ciliata 등(等)에는 ferulic, caffeic, 7-OH-cumarin, protocatechuic 산(酸) 등(等)이 공통(共通)으로 많이 함유(含有)되어 있었다. 지방산(脂肪酸)으로는 개비름에 포화지방산(飽和脂肪酸)인 palmitic산(酸)이, 쇠별꽃, 쇠무릎, 며느리배꼽 및 갈린소가 등(等)에는 불포화지방산(不飽和脂肪酸) oleic산(酸)이 다량함유(多量含有) 되어 있었다. 유기산(有機酸)은 Galinsoga ciliata를 제외(除外)한 모든 식물종(植物種)에서 oxalic산(酸)을 많이 함유(含有)하고 있었으며, 대체로 14~22 mg/g 정도이었다.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제31권11호
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• pp.993-997
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• 2022

This study was conducted to evaluate the structure and composition (i.e., pH, moisture, total-N, pathogens, and volatile fatty acids) of broiler and duck manure treated with larvae of three insect larvae, namely, Tenebrio molitor, Protaetia brevitarsis seulensis, and Ptecticus tenebrifer. Hatched Tenebrio molitor (n=300), Protaetia brevitarsis seulensis (n=60), and Ptecticus tenebrifer (n=300) were used in this study; specially, the larvae were divided into six treatments with three replicates. The treatments were as follows: T1: 110 g broiler manure + Tenebrio molitor larvae (n=50), T2: 110 g duck manure + Tenebrio molitor larvae (n=50), T3: 125 g broiler manure + Protaetia brevitarsis seulensis larvae (n=10), T4: 125 g duck manure + Protaetia brevitarsis seulensis larvae (n=10), T5: 105 g broiler manure + Ptecticus tenebrifer larvae (n=50), and T6: 105 g duck manure + Ptecticus tenebrifer larvae (n=50). For all the larval treatments, the following results were observed: The moisture content of the duck manure treat with three insect larvae was higher than that of the broiler manure (p<0.05), whereas broiler manure had a higher pH (p<0.05). In addition, the total nitrogen content of broiler manure was higher than that of duck manure (p<0.05). However, the insect larvae did not significantly affect pathogens (E.coli and Salmonella) and the volatile fatty acids (p>0.05). In conclusion, the use of the three insect larvae to create organic nitrogen compost using poultry manure is feasible.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제31권11호
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• pp.1738-1746
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• 2018

Objective: The aim of the experiment was to assess the effect of increasing amounts of Leucaena leucocephala forage on dry matter intake (DMI), organic matter intake (OMI), enteric methane production, rumen fermentation pattern and protozoa population in cattle fed Pennisetum purpureum and housed in respiration chambers. Methods: Five crossbred heifers (Bos taurus${\times}$Bos indicus) (BW: $295{\pm}6kg$) were fed chopped P. purpureum grass and increasing levels of L. leucocephala (0%, 20%, 40%, 60%, and 80% of dry matter [DM]) in a $5{\times}5$ Latin square design. Results: The voluntary intake and methane production were measured for 23 h per day in respiration chambers; molar proportions of volatile fatty acids (VFAs) were determined at 6 h postprandial period. Molar concentration of VFAs in rumen liquor were similar (p>0.05) between treatments. However, methane production decreased linearly (p<0.005), recording a maximum reduction of up to ~61% with 80% of DM incorporation of L. leucocephala in the ration and no changes (p>0.05) in rumen protozoa population were found. Conclusion: Inclusion of 80% of L. leucocephala in the diet of heifers fed low-quality tropical forages has the capacity to reduce up to 61.3% enteric methane emission without affecting DMI, OMI, and protozoa population in rumen liquor.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제66권2호
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• pp.237-250
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• 2024

The emission of noxious gases is a significant problem in pig production, as it can lead to poor production, welfare concerns, and environmental pollution. The noxious gases are the gasses emitted from the pig manure that contribute to air pollution. The increased concentration of various harmful gasses can pose health risks to both animals and humans. The major gases produced in the pig farm include methane, hydrogen sulfide, carbon dioxide, ammonia, sulfur dioxide and volatile fatty acids, which are mainly derived from the fermentation of undigested or poorly digested nutrients. Nowadays research has focused on more holistic approaches to obtain a healthy farm environment that helps animal production. The use of probiotics, prebiotics, dietary enzymes, and medicinal plants in animal diets has been explored as a means of reducing harmful gas emissions. This review paper focuses on the harmful gas emissions from pig farm, the mechanisms of gas production, and strategies for reducing these emissions. Additionally, various methods for reducing gas in pigs, including probiotic interventions; prebiotic interventions, dietary enzymes supplementation, and use of medicinal plants and organic acids are discussed. Overall, this paper provides a comprehensive review of the current state of knowledge on reducing noxious gas in pigs and offers valuable insights for pig producers, nutritionists, and researchers working in this area.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제25권11호
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• pp.1880-1893
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• 2015

In this study, Pseudomonas R0-14, which was isolated from Arctic soil samples, showed a clear halo when grown on M9 medium agarose plates containing olive oil-rhodamine B as substrate, suggesting that it expressed putative lipase(s). A putative lipase gene, lipR, was cloned from R0-14 by genome walking and Touchdown PCR. lipR encodes a 562-amino-acid polypeptide showing a typical α/β hydrolase structure with a catalytic triad consisting of Ser₁₅₃-Asp₂₀₂-His₂₆₀ and one α-helical lid (residues 103-113). A phylogenetic analysis revealed that LipR belongs to the lipase subfamily I.3. LipR was successfully expressed in Escherichia coli, purified, and biochemically characterized. Recombinant LipR exhibited its maximum activity towards p-nitrophenyl butyrate at pH 8.5 and 60℃ with a K_m of 0.37 mM and a k_cat of 6.42 s^-1. It retained over 90% of its original activity after incubation at 50℃ for 12 h. In addition, LipR was activated by Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, Ba²⁺, and Sr²⁺, while strongly inhibited by Cu²⁺, Zn²⁺, Mn²⁺, and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid. Moreover, it showed a certain tolerance to organic solvents, including acetonitrile, isopropanol, acetone, methanol, and tert-butanol. When algal oil was hydrolyzed by LipR for 24 h, there was an enrichment of n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, including eicosapentaenoic acid (1.22%, 1.65-fold), docosapentaenoic acid (21.24%, 2.04-fold), and docosahexaenoic acid (36.98%, 1.33-fold), and even a certain amount of diacylglycerols was also produced. As a result, LipR has great prospect in industrial applications, especially in food and/or cosmetics applications.

• 한국연초학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.156-161
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• 2001

This study was carried out to evaluate the effect of bulk fermentation on chemical, chromatic, and organoleptic characteristics of burley leaf tobacco. The pile of ferment processing was taken up 32 days under the conolitions of leaf moisture contents of $28\pm1%$, with a pressure of some 200kg/$m^2$ within a closed room (mean air temperature and relative humidity ; 20.5$^{\circ}C$ and 58.7%). The pile was opened up and reconstructed two times when the maximum inside temperature reached at $45~46^{\circ}C$. The nicotine content was decreased, but amomnia contents and pH were significantly increased by bulk fermentation. Otherwise, the contents of total nitrogen, total volatile base, organic acids, and fatty acids were not affected by same treatment. The value of L(black to white), a(red to green) and b(yellow to blue) in chromatic characteristics were significantly decreased by bulk fermentation. In sensory test of the cigarettes made by addition of the tormented tobacco leaves after toasting in proportion of 19-25%, no negative characteristics in irritation, taste, and preference were detected in comparison with normally processed cigarettes(19%, 2 years fermentation, toasting). The results suggest that bulk fermentation may be useful to increase the proportion of burley leaf tobacco in the cigarettes and to shorten the period of storage for aging.

• 한국연초학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.19-25
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• 1998

The bulk curing experiment to the improve the quality of flue-cured leaves were carried out to evaluate relationship between cyclic curing and conventional curing method. We studied the effect of the cyclic change of wet bulb temperature at the yellowing stage of flue curing on chemical properties of cured leaves. The wet bulb temperature was automatically controlled between preset high($38^{\circ}C$) and low point ($35^{\circ}C$) everyone hour cyclically during 12 hours after starting luring. As a result, the acceleration of the increase in the chemical properties of cured leaves were observed. As to the chemical properties, there was decreased in citric acid, increased in malic acid of the nonvolatile organic acids and all higher fatty acids content of leaves cured by this method compared with in that of conventional curing method, while a major chemical compounds in relation to aromatic essence of cigarette smoke in essential oil components of lured leaves was mostly higher in this method than those of conventional ones, and it was evaluated that there was decreased in CO, TPM, Tar, and $CO_2$ content of the cigarette smoke comparing to the conventional luring method.

• 한국연초학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.10-16
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• 1999

Leaves harvested were separated with visual characters into 2 classes such as immature and mature leaves. In the curing process, the prolonged yellowing treatment during yellowing stage was automatically controlled at the different stalk position, and condition of curing process after this period was all the same with conventional ones. In case of prolonged yellowing in immature leaves, increase of price per kg reached to 8 % compared with those of conventional ones. In physical properties, filling capacity and shatter index was decreased with the degree of maturity, and it was equal level in filling capacity of immature leaves between curing method, while shatter index was decreased in prolonged yellowing treatment than that of conventional ones. There was no difference in chemical components between immature leaves of prolonged yellowing and conventional ones. As to the prolonged yellowing of immature leaves, there was decreased in citric and malic acid contents of the nonvolatile organic acids, and it was equal level in all higher fatty acids content of leaves cured by prolonged yellowing treatment compared with in that of conventional curing method. The contents of key compounds such as solanone, damascenone, damascone in the essential oil were lower in prolonged yellowing of immature leaves than those of mature leaves cured by conventional ones.

• 한국지역사회생활과학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.199-206
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• 2012

In order to evaluate the aroma compounds in Korean traditional alcoholic beverages, volatile compounds of the commercial wines, Makgeolli were analyzed and quantified using the conventional method. Eight volatile compounds including three kinds of alcohols, two kinds of organic acids and three kinds of ether were extracted by Liquid-Liquid Extraction with Dichloromethane. For the separation and quantification, Gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC/MS) was used to analyze these compounds. Also, the separation efficiency of these compounds was performed and compared with GC column. The results of this study were as follows ; Eight kinds of volatile compounds were separated well on the HP-88 column better than on the DB-5MS column. Short chain fatty acids, butyric acid and isovaleric acid were not detected in two brands of makgeolli samples. The higher alcohols were detected in the range of 0.86~225.68 ${\mu}g/mL$ and ethyl esters were detected in the range of 0.86~225.68 ${\mu}g/mL$, respectively. There compounds are known to be associated with sensory and odorant.