• Journal of Plant Biology
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• 제16권1_2호
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• pp.1-5
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• 1973

Six young trees of Alnus tinctoria grown in isolation, each having different growing stage, were selected and the surface area of their roots, stems and leaves was determined. Each of the roots of more than 0.2mm in diameter and stems was cut at intervals of 10cm and their surface area was calculated with 2$\pi$rl from the average diameter (2r) of both sections (upper and lower) by making cylindrical estimation of the cut pieces. The leaf area measured was only one side area, and the volume of cut piece and amount of dry matter of each organ were also measured. The percentage to the surface area of the whole plant body by each organ was 4-12% in root, 7-9% in stem and 69-89% in leaf, respectively. There was relatively a little individual difference. However, the surface area ratios of root and stem showed a slightly increasing tendency while that of leaf decreasing according to the growing stage. The ratio of sum leaf area index (LAIi) was 2.3-4.0$m^2$/$m^2$-and that of the surface area index(SaIi) was 0.16-0.33$m^2$/$m^2$, respectively. It has been known that the stem surface area(SAI) to the leaf area index(LAI) is within the range of 31-53%, but the SAIi is within the range of 8-11% of the LAIi.

• 약학회지
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• 제41권6호
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• pp.730-736
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• 1997

Distribution of radioactivity in the skin tissues, subcutaneous tissues, blood and body organs was examined following topical application of $^{125}I-rhEGF$(0.4 ${\mu}Ci$), in the form of a Pluronic F-127 gel, on the normal and damaged (burned and stripped) skins of SD male rats. The radioactivity in the skin tissues and subcutaneous tissues was 3-5 times higher for the damaged skins than for the normal skin. But pretreatment of the skin with rhEGF (1${\mu}g$)) twice at 24 hr dose intervals affected the distribution of the radioactivity yielding the order of burned skin> stripped skin=normal skin. The decrease for the stripped skin by the pretreatment might be related either to the pathophysiological change of the skin or to the down regulation of the EGF receptor. Liver showed the highest radioactivity in amount following single and multiple administration of the drug to the normal and damaged skins. But,in concentration, the kidney and stomach showed higher value than the liver which is consistent with that kidney is a major eliminating organ of EGF and that EGF exerts its pharmacological effect specifically for the stomach.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.1-12
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• 2001

Liver transplantation is widely accepted as an effective therapeutic modality for a variety of irreversible acute and chronic liver diseases for which no satisfactory therapy is available. Following the first unsuccessful efforts at human liver transplantation in 1963, development of the procedure evolved at first slowly and steadily for 20 years and then rapidly over the past two decades. The growth of liver transplantation was facilitated by the conclusion of the national institutes of health consensus development conference in 1983 that liver transplantation is not an experimental procedure but an effective therapy that deserves broader application. The number of liver transplantations increased 2.4-fold(from 1.713 to 4.058) from 1988 to 1996. but the number of patients on the UNOS(united network of organ sharing) liver list increased 12.1-fold(from 616 to 7,467); as would be expected, the number of deaths of listed patients increased 4.9-fold(from 195 to 954), The current supply of donor livers is insufficient to meet this need, and organ donation has been stagnant or increased by only a few percent in recent years. These facts underscore the importance of the appropriate selection of candidates for liver transplantation and the development of operative procedures, such as living donor liver transplant, split liver transplant and auxiliary partial liver transplant.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• 제49권1호
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• pp.1-18
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• 2024

Exponential growth has been observed in nuclear medicine procedures worldwide in the past decades. The considerable increase is attributed to the advance of positron emission tomography and single photon emission computed tomography, as well as the introduction of new radiopharmaceuticals. Although nuclear medicine procedures provide undisputable diagnostic and therapeutic benefits to patients, the substantial increase in radiation exposure to nuclear medicine patients raises concerns about potential adverse health effects and calls for the urgent need to monitor exposure levels. In the current article, model-based internal dosimetry methods were reviewed, focusing on Medical Internal Radiation Dose (MIRD) formalism, biokinetic data, human anatomy models (stylized, voxel, and hybrid computational human phantoms), and energy spectrum data of radionuclides. Key results from many articles on nuclear medicine dosimetry and comparisons of dosimetry quantities based on different types of human anatomy models were summarized. Key characteristics of seven model-based dose calculation tools were tabulated and discussed, including dose quantities, computational human phantoms used for dose calculations, decay data for radionuclides, biokinetic data, and user interface. Lastly, future research needs in nuclear medicine dosimetry were discussed. Model-based internal dosimetry methods were reviewed focusing on MIRD formalism, biokinetic data, human anatomy models, and energy spectrum data of radionuclides. Future research should focus on updating biokinetic data, revising energy transfer quantities for alimentary and gastrointestinal tracts, accounting for body size in nuclear medicine dosimetry, and recalculating dose coefficients based on the latest biokinetic and energy transfer data.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.177-182
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• 1983

In order to clarify the effect of the unilateral pneumonectomy on the compensatory growth of the residual lung, liver and kidney, and serum electrophoresis pattern, right lung pneumonectomy was performed on rabbits under general anesthesia with pentobarbital sodium. On the fifth day after the surgery, the weight of the residual lung, liver and bilateral kidneys was measured and organ weight-body weight ratio was calculated. And in an attempt to know whether the cells in the liver and the kidney were proliferated by unilateral pneumonectomy, DNA content was determined. The quantity(g/100 ml) of serum protein was determined also and serum electrophoresis was performed on cellulose acetate membrane. The results obtained are summarized as following. The weight of the residual lung and lung weight-body weight ratio was significantly increased respectively. The weight of the liver and organ weight-body weight ratio were not changed but the DNA content of the liver and kidney tissue increased significantly, illustrating that unilateral pneumonectomy caused cellular hyperplasia in the liver and in the kidney as well as in the residual lung. The quantity(g/100 ml) of serum protein was significantly increased and in the analysis of the electrophoregram, there was significant difference between the normal and pneumonectomy group. Taken together, these results indicate that unilateral pneumonectomy caused the compensatory hyperplasia of the liver, the kidney and the residual lung as well as the change of electro-phoretic pattern. And it also suggests that a humoral factor, which proliferates the cells in the residual lung, the liver and the kidney, existed in the pneumonectomized rabbits.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제33권9호
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• pp.1463-1469
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• 2020

Objective: The effects of maternal and offspring dietary vitamin A (VA) supplementation on early body weight, digestive tract function and immune function in goslings were studied. Methods: Yangzhou geese (180 d old) were randomly divided into 5 experimental groups of 15 females and 3 males (the males were kept until slaughter). Eggs were collected for hatching during the peak laying period. A total of 96 goslings were selected from each treatment group (each fed a basic diet supplemented with 0, 4,000, 8,000, 12,000 or 16,000 IU/kg VA) and randomly divided into 2 groups, with 6 replicates in each group and 8 goslings in each replicate. The gosling diet was supplemented with 0 or 9,000 IU/kg VA. Results: i) Villus length, villus width and the muscle thickness of the duodenum, jejunum and ileum were increased and the crypt depth was reduced after adding 12,000 IU/kg VA to the goslings' diet (p<0.05). Adding 9,000 IU/kg VA to the offspring diet increased the length of the duodenal villi and width of the ileum and decreased the crypt depth of the ileum (p<0.05). ii) Supplementing the maternal diet with 12,000 IU/kg VA increased immune organ weight, the immune organ index and immunoglobulin content in goslings (p<0.05). The bursa weight and immunoglobulin G content of offspring were higher in the 9,000 IU/kg VA supplementation group than in the group with no supplementation (p<0.05). Conclusion: Offspring growth and development were affected by the amount of VA added into maternal diet. The negative effect of maternal VA deficiency on offspring can be compensated by adding VA to the offspring diet. Continued VA supplementation in the offspring diet after excessive VA supplementation in the maternal diet is unfavorable for gosling growth and development.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.50-55
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• 1979

인삼 nectar, 인삼추출물이 함유된 orange juice, 인삼 drink 제등을 정상식이에 첨가 (555 mg Ginseng extract/kg of diet, 1,110 mg Ginseng extract/kg diet)하여 이유 직후의 Sprgue-Dawley strain 백쥐 40마리를 8마리씩 5군으로 나누어 12주간 사육하였다 12주후에 체중증가율, 사료효율, 장기의 무게, hematocrit value, serum cholesterol content, serum GOT and GPT 활성등을 측정하여 정상식이군과 비교한 결과 체중증가율, 사료효율, 장기의 무게, hematocrit value, SGOT 활성등을 모두 정상식이군에 비해서 실험군이 통계적으로 유의차를 보이지 않았으나, s-GOT 활성은 대조군에 비해 실험군이 다소 낮은 경향을 관찰할 수 있었고, s-cholesterol 농도는 대조군에 비해 다소 높은 경향이었으나 통계적인 유의차는 없었다. 백쥐 각군의 간, 신장, 비장등의 조직세포를 검사한 바 하등의 이상 조직을 발견하지 못하였다. 12주 실험이 끝난 후 체중을 측정하고 swimming test를 실시한 결과 대조군에 비해 실험군의 수영시간이 연장되었으며 V군에서는 유의성있게 연장되었다.

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국생물공학회 2003년도 생물공학의 동향(XIII)
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• pp.113-117
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• 2003

모낭은 복잡한 상호작용을 통하여 성장 및 주기가 조절되며 다양한 세포들로 구성진 기관이다. 본 연구에서는 조직공학적 방법을 이용하여 모낭을 구성하는 세포들을 분리 및 배양하였고 세포들의 형태와 증식양상을 관찰할 수 있었고, 기관배양의 방법을 통하여 in vitro에서 첨가물에 대한 모발의 성장 및 주기의 변화를 살펴보았다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.329-336
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• 1991

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of ginseng-cake on growth and biochemical components of rats. The content of crude protein in ginseng-cake was 17.2% as dry basis. Methionine, isoleuine and valine were limiting amino acids in order and arginine was 23.6% in total amino acids. Body weight gain, food efficiency ratio, organ weight and biochemical components in plasma were significantly lower in ginseng-cake based diet group than in control diet group and those of ginseng-cake diet group supplemented with methionine, isoleucine and valine were significantly increased than those of ginseng-cake based diet group, but 소id not reach to those of control diet group.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제44권5호
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• pp.356-362
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• 2021

An increasing number of studies have revealed an interaction between gut microbiota and tumors. The enrichment of specific bacteria strains in the intestines has been found to modulate tumor growth and influence the mechanisms of tumor treatment. Various bacteria are involved in modulating the effects of chemotherapeutic drugs currently used to treat patients with cancer, and they affect not only gastrointestinal tract tumors but also distant organ tumors. In addition, changes in the gut microbiota are known to be involved in the antitumor immune response as well as the modulation of the intestinal immune system. As a result, the gut microbiota plays an important role in modulating the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors. Therefore, gut microbiota could be considered as an adjuvant treatment option with other cancer treatment or as another marker for predicting treatment response. In this review, we examine how gut microbiota affects cancer treatments.