• 센서학회지
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.210-216
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• 2008

The propose of this study is evaluating which correlation of foot pressure distribution and scoliosis that happen by walking to 20'th Mens that have not experienced a scoliosis. The propose of this study is evaluating which correlation of foot pressure distribution and scoliosis that happen by walking to 20'th Mens that have not experienced a scoliosis. Measurement and analysis of Foot Pressure was executed by using by F-scan System. Degree of scoliosis was expressed as a angle used x-ray image of 5-lumbar from 4-thoracic vertebra The correlation between result of foot pressure and degree of scoliosis was evaluated under 0.05 interrelationship, and variables used for analysis were showed high correlation.

• 약학회지
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• 제41권6호
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• pp.737-748
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• 1997

Distribution of rhEGF in the skin, plasma and several organ tissues following topical application of $^{125}I-rhEGF$ (0.4${\mu}$Ci) solution in 25% Pluronic F-127 on 154$mm^2$ normal and damaged (burned and stripped) skins of hairless mice was examined. The radioactivity in the stripped skin tissues increased as a function of time, and was 10-20 times higher than that in the normal and burned skins. The fractions of intact drug in the skin tissues were 40-60% for the normal and burned skins, and 60-80% for the stripped skin. It indicates that the stratum corneum layer behaves as a barrier for the dermal penetration of the drug. The radioactivity in the plasma was much higher for the stripped skin than for the normal and burned skins. However, the concentration of intact drug in the stripped skin was comparable to those in the normal and burned skins indicating most severe degradation (or metabolism) of the drug in the stripped skin. As a result, the fraction of intact drug in the plasma was lowest for the stripped skin (<10%). Body organ distribution of the drug was much higher for the stripped skin. The concentration in the stomach. Both in total radioactivity and intact drug, showed more than 10-times higher value than in the other organs (liver, kidney and spleen). The fraction of intact drug in each organ tissue was below 10-20%. And generally lowest for the stripped skin. The lowest fraction of the drug for the stripped skin could not be explained by the activity of the aminopeptidases in the skin since it was lower for the stripped skin than for the normal skin. Thereover, the fraction of intact drug appears to be determined by the balance between dermal uptake and systemic elimination of the drug, for example. The mechanism of dermal uptake of rhEGF was examined by topical applying 200${\mu}$l of 25% Pluronic F-127 solution containing 0.4 ${\mu}$Ci of $^{125}I-rhEGF$ and 0.14${\mu}$Ci of $^{14}C$-inulin (a marker of passive diffusion). The radioactivity of $^{125}I-rhEGF$ at each sampling time point (0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 8hr) was correlated (p<0.05) with the corresponding radioactivity of $^{14}C$-inulin. It appears to indicate the rhEGF may be uptaken into the skins mainly by the passive diffusion. This hypothesis was supported by the constant specific binding of EGF to the skin homogenates regardless of the skin models. Receptor mediated endocytosis (RME) appears to contribute negligibly, if any, to the overall uptake process.

• 대한핵의학회지
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.57-64
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• 1971

The organ distribution study and the whole body scan were done in the albino rats at intervals of 5, 30, 60, 90 and 120 minutes after the intravenous injection of $^{99m}TC$-pertechnetate absorbed in Sephadex beads of $20{\sim}80$ micra in diameter. Effect of additional injection of physiological saline and saline absorbed in Sephadex beads of $20{\sim}80$ micra in diameter on the scan and organ distribution were also studied. The results were as follows. 1. Five minutes after the injection of $^{99m}TC$-pertechnetate absorbed in Sephadex beads of $20{\sim}80$ micra in diameter, Sephadex was well trapped in the lungs, with which the excellent lung scan was obtained. Two hours after the injection, kidneys were well visualized instead of lungs, which suggested that kidney acts as the excretory organ. Five minutes prior to scan, additional injection of physiological saline absorbed in Sephadex above mentioned was done. The bladder was also well visualized together with the kidneys. 2. In the distribution studies, most of radioactivity was detected in the lungs at 5 minutes and was gradually transferred chiefly to the kidneys and bladder and partly to the liver. 3. Additional injection of physiological saline resulted in a rapid transfer of $^{99m}TC$ trapped in the lung to both the kidneys and liver. 4. Additional injection of physiological saline absorbed in Sephadex beads of $20{\sim}80$ micra in diameter resulted in a rapid transfer of $^{99m}TC$ trapped in the lung to only the urinary system. 5. Results of these studies suggested that; a) Other nutrients and therapeutic compounds may be carried into the lungs along with Sephadex beads and then released in high concentration, which would exert greater therapeutic effect locally than that of the usual administration. b) Some radionuclides absorbed in Sephadex could be used as the lung scan agents, the flushing out of which by Sephadex-saline also give satisfactory renal and bladder scans. c) Other potent therapeutic radionuclides could be retained for some time by this method, which can be in the lungs easily flushed out within 2 hours.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제40권10호
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• pp.714-730
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• 2017

Pre-mRNA splicing further increases protein diversity acquired through evolution. The underlying driving forces for this phenomenon are unknown, especially in terms of gene expression. A rice alternatively spliced transcript detection microarray (ASDM) and RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) were applied to differentiate the transcriptome of 4 representative organs of Oryza sativa L. cv. Ilmi: leaves, roots, 1-cm-stage panicles and young seeds at 21 days after pollination. Comparison of data obtained by microarray and RNA-Seq showed a bell-shaped distribution and a co-lineation for highly expressed genes. Transcripts were classified according to the degree of organ enrichment using a coefficient value (CV, the ratio of the standard deviation to the mean values): highly variable (CVI), variable (CVII), and constitutive (CVIII) groups. A higher index of the portion of loci with alternatively spliced transcripts in a group (IAST) value was observed for the constitutive group. Genes of the highly variable group showed the characteristics of the examined organs, and alternatively spliced transcripts tended to exhibit the same organ specificity or less organ preferences, with avoidance of 'organ distinctness'. In addition, within a locus, a tendency of higher expression was found for transcripts with a longer coding sequence (CDS), and a spliced intron was the most commonly found type of alternative splicing for an extended CDS. Thus, pre-mRNA splicing might have evolved to retain maximum functionality in terms of organ preference and multiplicity.

• 한국응용곤충학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국응용곤충학회 2002년도 합동 춘계 학술발표회
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• pp.167-167
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• 2002

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.226-232
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• 2015

Purpose: Toxicity of mucosa is one of the major concerns of radiotherapy (RT), when a target tumor is located near a mucosal lined organ. Energy of photon RT is transferred primarily by secondary electrons. If these secondary electrons could be removed in an internal cavity of mucosal lined organ, the mucosa will be spared without compromising the target tumor dose. The purpose of this study was to present a RT dose reduction in near target inner-surface (NTIS) of internal cavity, using Lorentz force of magnetic field. Materials and Methods: Tissue equivalent phantoms, composed with a cylinder shaped internal cavity, and adjacent a target tumor part, were developed. The phantoms were irradiated using 6 MV photon beam, with or without 0.3 T of perpendicular magnetic field. Two experimental models were developed: single beam model (SBM) to analyze central axis dose distributions and multiple beam model (MBM) to simulate a clinical case of prostate cancer with rectum. RT dose of NTIS of internal cavity and target tumor area (TTA) were measured. Results: With magnetic field applied, bending effect of dose distribution was visualized. The depth dose distribution of SBM showed 28.1% dose reduction of NTIS and little difference in dose of TTA with magnetic field. In MBM, cross-sectional dose of NTIS was reduced by 33.1% with magnetic field, while TTA dose were the same, irrespective of magnetic field. Conclusion: RT dose of mucosal lined organ, located near treatment target, could be modulated by perpendicular magnetic field.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.239-250
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• 2006

Computational anthropomorphic phantoms are computer models of human anatomy used in the calculation of radiation dose distribution in the human body upon exposure to a radiation source. Depending on the manner to represent human anatomy, they are categorized into two classes: stylized and tomographic phantoms. Stylized phantoms, which have mainly been developed at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), describe human anatomy by using simple mathematical equations of analytical geometry. Several improved stylized phantoms such as male and female adults, pediatric series, and enhanced organ models have been developed following the first hermaphrodite adult stylized phantom, Medical Internal Radiation Dose (MIRD)-5 phantom. Although stylized phantoms have significantly contributed to dosimetry calculation, they provide only approximations of the true anatomical features of the human body and the resulting organ dose distribution. An alternative class of computational phantom, the tomographic phantom, is based upon three-dimensional imaging techniques such as magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and computed tomography (CT). The tomographic phantoms represent the human anatomy with a large number of voxels that are assigned tissue type and organ identity. To date, a total of around 30 tomographic phantoms including male and female adults, pediatric phantoms, and even a pregnant female, have been developed and utilized for realistic radiation dosimetry calculation. They are based on MRI/CT images or sectional color photos from patients, volunteers or cadavers. Several investigators have compared tomographic phantoms with stylized phantoms, and demonstrated the superiority of tomographic phantoms in terms of realistic anatomy and dosimetry calculation. This paper summarizes the history and current status of both stylized and tomographic phantoms, including Korean computational phantoms. Advantages, limitations, and future prospects are also discussed.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.67-74
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• 1983

An experimental study was carried out to determine the degree of contamination of cyanide and metals in each stork's (Ciconia c. boyciana) organ. The samples used for this experiment were gullet, respiratory tract, stomach content, rectum, lung, liver, heart, pancreas, gall, kidney, and muscles. Those samples were isolated by Conway microdiffusion method and determined by UV spectrophotometry for the cyanide, on the other hand, the samples for metals were dissolved by mercury digestion apparatus and analyzed by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The results are as follows: 1) The quantities of cyanide accumulated in each organ were from 0.05 to 2.57 ppm and concentration of those in tissues was in order of 2.57 ppm in stomach content, 2.13 ppm in lung, 1.58 ppm in kidney, 1.22 ppm in gall, 0.52 ppm in pancreas, 0.32 ppm in heart, 0.25 ppm in rectum, 0.20 ppm in gullet, 0.19 ppm in liver, 0.07 ppm in muscles and 0.05 ppm in respiratory tract. 2) The calcium content is in a range of 10.89-105.74 ppm, iron is 2.47-557.70 ppm, zinc is 2.37-23.62 ppm, cupper is < 0.1- 1.76 ppm and cadmium, nickel, cobalt and lead is beyond 0.5 ppm, respectively.

• 약학회지
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• 제41권5호
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• pp.607-614
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• 1997

Flurbiprofen- and flurbiprofen axetil-loaded microemulsions composed of soybean oil, poloxamer 407, glycerine and water were prepared by generator-type homgenizer and ultrasoni c probe system. The particle size of microemulsions was measured by the dynamic light scattering method. The pharmacokinetics and organ distribution of flurbiprofen were investigated after intravenous injection of flurbiprofen solution, flurbiprofen-loaded microemulsion and flurbiprofen axetil-loaded microemulsions equivalent to 10mg/kg of flurbiprofen to rats. Blood samples were collected from the anterior ciliary artery of rats for 24hr, and flurbiprofen in plasma and organs was analyzed by HPLC. Stable microemulsions were prepared. Even though there is a little change in droplet size just after the preparation, no creaming and no separation were occured during the storage period for 6 months at 4, 21, 37 and 45$^{\circ}C$. Pharmacokinetic parameters and organ distribution of flurbiprofen after intravenous injection of flurbiprofen- and flurbiprofen axetil-loaded microemulsions emulsified with poloxamer 407 were not significantly different from those of commercial lipid microemulsion emulsified with lecithin. Therefore, it is concluded that flurbiprofen- and flurbiprofen axetil-loaded microemulsion prepared with poloxamer 407 could be used as a parenteral formulation.

• 약학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.253-256
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• 1982

The organ distribution of mercury was examined in the rat after oral administration of a single dose of red mercuric sulfide (15mg Hg/kg). The concentration of total mercury in the organs and blood after 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24 and 72 hours of administration was determined by Quartz Tube Combustion-Gold Amalgamation Method. It was found that the maximal concentration of total mercury was in the kidneys and muscle within 24 hours and in the brain, heart, liver and blood within 48 hours. The descending order of the maximal organ and blood concentration was: kidneys(1.08ppm)>blood> muscle>heart>liver>brain. The accumulation states of total mercury in the rat organs were investigated by continuous administration of red mercuric sulfide (5mg Hg/kg/day) for 15 days. The mercury concentration increased progressively throughout the experimental period and the descending order of the highest level of mercury after 15 days was: kidneys (1.55ppm)>blood>liver. The concentration of alkyl mercury in brain, liver and kidneys also was measured after 7 and 15 days of consecutive administration of red mercuric sulfide (5mg Hg/kg/day). The concentration in the Kidneys and the liver was very low, but was significantly different from control group. The concentration in the brain was extremely low and was not significantly different from control group.