• 한국어류학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.281-287
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• 2014

수중과 육상의 이중적인 생활을 하는 남방짱뚱어 Scartelaos gigas (amphibious mudskipper)의 후각기관을 해부학과 조직학적으로 연구하였다. 그 결과 후각기관은 좌우 한 쌍이 존재하며 각 기관은 한 개의 가느다란 긴관 (an elongated canal)과 사비강과 누비강의 두 개의 비강 (ethmoidal and lacrimal nasal sacs)으로 구성되어 있었다. 각 관의 내벽에 발달한 감각 상피는 3~4개의 섬모를 가지는 감각 수용기 세포 (receptor cell), 지지세포 (supporting cell), 기저세포 (basal cell) 그리고 점액세포 (mucus cell)들로 구성되는 다세포성 구조로 이루어져 있었다. 반면에 비감각 상피는 감각기를 갖지 않는 주름진 표면만을 가지고 있었다. 또한 두 개의 비강은 상피 표면에 점액 방울 (mucin droplet)을 가지고 있었다. 따라서 남방짱뚱어의 이러한 후각기관의 특징은 생태적 습성과 서식처에 관련된 반수중 생활 (semi-aquatic life)에 적응한 특징으로 사료된다.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.79-94
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• 1987

This study was carried out to investigate the epidermal structure, the stomatal types, the ontogeny of stomara in various parts of each organ of K. blossfeldiana, K. kewensis, and K. tometosa belonging to Kalanchoe. The epidermal cells were polygonal or isodiametric ones in the leaves, and mostly rectangular, tetragonal, and elongated ones in the leaves, and mostly rectangular, tetragonal, and elongated ones in the other organs. The candelabrum-like, triradiate stellete trichomes in the aerial parts of all organs of K. tomentosa were found. The cuticular striations and square crystals of calcium oxalate in the epidermal cells of petals of K. blossfeldiana were observed. The great majority of the mature stomata in various parts of all the organs were commonly helicocytic types. This type was subdivided into three subtypes such as parahelicocytic, anomohelicocytic, and dianisocytic stomata on the basis of the division angle of the guard mother cells. Somethies, the anisocytic type was found in most organs. This type was subdivided into three subtyes such as paranisocytic, nomoanisocytic, and dianisocytic stomata in the same way as the helicocytic type. A new stomataltype with anisocytic stoma within a girdle of four subsidiary cells of tetracytic type in the leaf of K. kewensis was firstly observed in the vascular plants. This type was termed the coaniso-tetracytic type. The anomomeristic pattern in the mesogenous category of stomatal types was found in various organs of all the material plants. Developmental mode of stomata was constant in all the parts of each organ within the same plant. The stomata was observed to be a few similar stomatal types in various parts of each organ within the same plant. The ontogeny of all the types is eumesogenous or mesogenous type. The ontogenetic type of stomata was mostly helico-eumesogenous type in all the organs of all the material plants. The mature stoma varied from organ to in regard of the number and arrangement of subsidiary cells.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• 제46권3호
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• pp.98-105
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• 2021

Background: In recent events of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, computed tomography (CT) scans are being globally used as a complement to the reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) tests. It will be important to be aware of major organ dose levels, which are more relevant quantity to derive potential long-term adverse effect, for Korean pediatric and adult patients undergoing CT for COVID-19. Materials and Methods: We calculated organ dose conversion coefficients for Korean pediatric and adult CT patients directly from Korean pediatric and adult computational phantoms combined with Monte Carlo radiation transport techniques. We then estimated major organ doses delivered to the Korean child and adult patients undergoing CT for COVID-19 combining the dose conversion coefficients and the international survey data. We also compared our Korean dose conversion coefficients with those from Caucasian reference pediatric and adult phantoms. Results and Discussion: Based on the dose conversion coefficients we established in this study and the international survey data of COVID-19-related CT scans, we found that Korean 7-year-old child and adult males may receive about 4-32 mGy and 3-21 mGy of lung dose, respectively. We learned that the lung dose conversion coefficient for the Korean child phantom was up to 1.5-fold greater than that for the Korean adult phantom. We also found no substantial difference in dose conversion coefficients between Korean and Caucasian phantoms. Conclusion: We estimated radiation dose delivered to the Korean child and adult phantoms undergoing COVID-19-related CT examinations. The dose conversion coefficients derived for different CT scan types can be also used universally for other dosimetry studies concerning Korean CT scans. We also confirmed that the Caucasian-based CT organ dose calculation tools may be used for the Korean population with reasonable accuracy.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제48권4호
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• pp.373-377
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• 2021

Breast implant-associated anaplastic large cell lymphoma (BIA-ALCL) is a recently described form of T-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma now formally recognized by the World Health Organization classification of lymphoid neoplasms. The aim of this paper is to report the first case of BIA-ALCL diagnosed in a pregnant patient. It is well known that BIA-ALCL appears as an indolent lymphoma with a good prognosis when diag-nosed at early stages and clinical guidelines for its management have been clearly published. Nevertheless, they lack a standardized approach for BIA-ALCL during pregnancy. With limited experience in our case, treatment has been safely postponed after term without affecting patient's overall prognosis and without fetal complication. The fact that the disease was diagnosed at an early stage (stage I) undoubtedly influenced the course of treatment. A multidisciplinary approach weighing the risks and benefits of treatment is of paramount importance in order to ensure the best possible outcome for both the mother and her child and clinical update guidelines should be issued.

• 대한방사선기술학회지:방사선기술과학
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• 제46권6호
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• pp.509-517
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• 2023

This study analyzed imaging conditions and exposure index through clinical information collection and dose calculation programs in coronary angiography examinations. Through this, we aim to analyze the effective dose according to examination conditions and provide basic data for dose optimization. In this study, ALARA(As Low As Reasonably Achievable)-F(Fluoroscopy), a program for evaluating the radiation dose of patients and the collected clinical data, was used. First, analysis of imaging conditions and exposure index was performed based on the data of the dose report generated after coronary angiography. Second, after evaluating organ dose according to 9 imaging directions during coronary angiography, with the LAO fixed at 30°, dose evaluation was performed according to tube voltage, tube current, number of frames, focus-skin distance, and field size. Third, the effective dose for each organ was calculated according to the tissue weighting factors presented in ICRP(International Commission on Radiological Protection) recommendations. As a result, the average sum of air kerma during coronary angiography was evaluated as 234.0±112.1 mGy, the dose-area product was 25.9±13.0 Gy·cm², and the total fluoroscopy time was 2.5±2.0 min. Also, the organ dose tended to increase as the tube voltage, milliampere-second, number of frames, and irradiation range increased, whereas the organ dose decreased as the FSD increased. Therefore, medical radiation exposure to patients can be reduced by selecting the optimal tube voltage and field size during coronary angiography, maximizing the focal-skin distance, using the lowest tube current possible, and reducing the number of frames.

• 한국어류학회지
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.40-47
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• 2024

본 연구에서는 드렁허리 Monopterus albus 후각기관의 형태 및 조직학적 특성을 실체, 광학 및 주사전자현미경하 관찰을 통하여 조사하였다. 후각기관의 외부 형태는 피부와 평행한 폐쇄형 전비공과 후비공을 나타냈다. 내부 구조는 파이프형 비강과 뒤쪽의 위아래의 두 개 비낭으로 구성되었다. 비강의 내벽은 위중층상피층의 감각상피와 중층편평상피층의 비감각상피, 미확인기관으로 이루어졌다. 감각상피는 후감각뉴런, 지지세포, 기저세포, 림프구로 구성되며, 비감각상피는 중층상피세포와 산성의 점액다당류를 보유하는 점액세포를 보유했다. 특히, 감각상피층 내 모세혈관과 풍부한 진피에서의 혈관화는 논, 농수로, 연못, 늪과 같은 진흙 하상의 정체된 수환경에 적응 된 후각기관 내 부가적인 호흡기능의 증거이며 이는 이전에 원구류 이상의 어류 분류군에서 확인되지 않은 새로운 결과로 확인된다.

• 대한디지털의료영상학회논문지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.23-31
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• 2012

There are AEC mode and fix mode to exposure when the whole spine antero-posterior radiography is done by using DR equipment. This study compared the utility of fix mode to AEC mode, by evaluating organ dose and effective dose and by examining the quality of radiographic image. GE DEFINIUM 8000 and ART-200X Rando Phantom manufactured by Flukebiometical were used for this study. The Rando phantom was set in front of wall detector of X-rays equipment. AEC mode was set at 80kVp and Fix mode was set at 80kVp, 25mAs, 32mAs, 40mAs, and 50mAs. Whole spine AP image were aquired by combining C, T-L and L-S spine images obtained through 3 exposures. When obtaining C, T-L and L-S spine images, were checked for Air kerma (mGy) value calculated by UNFORS Xi meter attached at the phantom surface of center of radiation field. The effective and organ doses were compared by PCXMC program (PC-Based Monte Carlo Program). The quality of obtained radiographic image was evaluated visually by 3 radiologists using resolution chart. When the effective doses was calculated based on tissue weighting factor of ICRP-103, 1.278mSv was measured by AEC mode, and Fix mode measured 0.405mSv at 25mAs, 0.518mSv at 32mAs, 0.649mSv at 40mAs, and 0.810mSv at 50mAS. In addition, the organ dose measured with esposure at 25mAs by Fix mode was almost equivalent to the organ dose by AEC mode, at the esophagus, thyroid, oral mucosa, salivaly glands located at the cervical spine part, while the organ dose by Fix mode was in general lower than the organ dose by AEC mode at the other organs. When Fix mode at 32mAs, 40mAs, and 50mAs was compared to AEC mode for organ dose in 26 organs, AEC mode had higher measurement in 21 organs but not for than brain, trachea, thyroid, oral mucosa, and salivaly glands which are located at the cervical spine part. The image quality evaluated by resolution test chart was much higher with AEC mode than the quality with Fix mode at all exposure conditions. However, while the image quality of cervical spine exposured at 50mAs by Fix mode was lower than the quality of AEC mode, thoraco-lumbar spine and lumbo-sacral spine were calculated and the quality was similar to AEC mode. Scoliosis occurs mainly at thoraco-lumbar and lumbo-sacral spine, not at cervical spine. Compared to AEC mode, Using the appropriate protocol (80kVp, 50mAs) of fix mode for whole spine AP radiography was thought to be useful because the image quality of the thoraco-lumar and lumbo-sacral spine was similar on AEC mode, Also organ and effective doses can be decreased with Fix mode. Therefore, It is considered that fix mode can be used properly with AEC mode for whole spine AP radiography when considering patient's body posture.

• Animal cells and systems
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.233-237
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• 2002

The pheromonal repelling response occurs when a combination of female and male pheromones is found to be less attractive to courting males than are female pheromones alone. This repelling response may act to conserve a courting males’reproductive fitness by minimizing ma1e-male competition within a courting group. Recently, a Pheromonal repelling response was first reported for vertebrates in the red-spotted newt, Notophthalmus viride-scens. A male cloacal pheromone, a ∼33 kDa protein, was identified as a repelling pheromone. In this study, to determine whether both the main olfactory epithelium (MOE) and/or the vomeronasal organ (VNO) are activated by the repelling pheromone, we recorded electrical field potentials from both olfactory epithelia while applying the repelling pheromone. The repelling pheromone induced electrical responses from both olfactory organs, and the magnitude of the response was greater in the VNO than in the MOE. Our results suggest that both the VNO and MOE may be involved in the pheromonal repelling response.

• 동의신경정신과학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.33-39
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• 1994

From the consideration of stages and their origins assigned to the five elements by connecting O-Shin(五神) with the five organs, centered on former documents, following were achieved. 1. From the age of civil wars, the mind has been connected to the part icular organ among the five organs : the has been considered as the main body of mind activity and the central organ which controls eve ry organ. 2. KWAN-JA(管子) and JANG-JA(莊子) wrote firstly written in connection between the mind and the whole five organs. 3. O-SHIN(五神) were materialized through the middle part and last year of Former China and after the five organs assignment of the natur e and the emotions. 4. O-SHIN(五神) orignated from HWANG-JE NAE-KYUNNG(黃帝內經) assigned as the liver soul, the heart spirit, the spleen ideas, the lung inferior spirit, and the kidney will.

• BMB Reports
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• 제51권7호
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• pp.317-318
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• 2018

Plants are unable to relocate themselves to a more favorable location and thus have to deal with developmental programs and environmental cues wherever they happen to be. It is yet largely unknown how plant cells coordinate cellular activities and architectures to accomplish developmental processes and respond to environmental changes. By identifying and establishing a new cellular model system, we have discovered that two neighboring cell types in the abscission zone (AZ) of Arabidopsis flowers coordinate their activities to ensure a precise "cut" through a highly restricted area of plant tissue to bring about organ separation. From this perspective, we further discuss the essence of cellular coordination in AZ, the key molecules controlling the organ separation, and relevant implications.