• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.569-573
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• 2006

This study was conducted to manufacture new product containing high soluble polysaccharide from Hericium erinaceus extract. The new products were prepared for powder, granulate and tablet form by spray drying process. The high soluble powder form was mixed with sub-ingredients and then granulated form by granulator and molded as tablet form by a press molder respectively. Moisture content of products was following order; spray dried powder > granule > tablet Total sugar content of produce was observed to 19.14% in spray dried powder, 37.58% in granulate and 35.76% in tablet. The hue angle of products was $85.5^{\circ}$ in spray dried powder, $95.37^{\circ}$ in granulate and $94.67^{\circ}$ in tablet. The absorption capacity was higher in powder, but the product type did not affect the color.

• Progress in Medical Physics
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.101-105
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• 2018

In this paper, a neutron moderation system for boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) based on a $^{252}Cf$ neutron source is proposed. Different materials have been studied in order to produce a high percentage of epithermal neutrons. A moderator with a construction mixture of $AlF_3$ and Al, three reflectors of $Al_2O_3$, BeO, graphite, and seven filters (Bi, Cu, Fe, Pb, Ti, a two-layer filter of Ti+Bi, and a two-layer filter of Ti+Pb) is considered. The MCNPX simulation code has been used to calculate the neutron and gamma flux at the output window of the neutronic system. The results show that the epithermal neutron flux is relatively high for four filters: Ti+Pb, Ti+Bi, Bi, and Ti. However, a layer of Ti cannot reduce the contribution of ${\gamma}$-rays at the output window. Although the neutron spectra filtered by the Ti+Bi and Ti+Pb overlap, a large fraction of neutrons (74.95%) has epithermal energy when the Ti+Pb is used as a filter. However, the percentages of the fast and thermal neutrons are 25% and 0.5%, respectively. The Bi layer provides a relatively low epithermal neutron flux. Moreover, an assembly configuration of 30% $AlF_3+70%$ Al moderator/$Al_2O_3$ reflector/a two-layer filter of Ti+Pb reduces the fast neutron flux at the output port much more than other assembly combinations. In comparison with a recent model suggested by Ghassoun et al., the proposed neutron moderation system provides a higher epithermal flux with a relatively low contamination of gamma rays.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.191-197
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• 2020

As an effective means of price discrimination, some suppliers offer trade credit to the distributors for the purpose of increasing the demand of the product they produce. The availability of the delay in payments from the supplier enables discount of the distributor's selling price from a wider range of the price option in anticipation of increased customer's demand. In this regard, we consider the problem of determining the distributor's optimal price and lot size simultaneously when the supplier permits delay in payments for an order of a product whose demand rate is represented by a constant price elasticity function. It is assumed that the distributor pays the shipping cost for the order and hence, the distributor's ordering cost consists of a fixed ordering cost and the shipping cost that depend on the order quantity. For the analysis, it is also assumed that inventory is depleted not only by customer's demand but also by decay. We are able to develop a solution algorithm from the properties of the mathematical model. A numerical example is presented to illustrate the algorithm developed.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Laser Processing Conference
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• 1998.11a
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• pp.0-0
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• 1998

-Part I- As market needs become more various, the production of smaller quantities of a wider variety of products becomes increasingly important. In addition, in order to meet demands for more efficient production, long-term unmanned factory operation is prevailing at a remarkable pace. Within this context, laser machines are gaining increasing popularity for use in applications such as cutting and welding metallic and ceramic materials. FANUC supplies four models of $CO_2$ laser oscillators with laser power ranging from 1.5㎾ to 6㎾ on an OEM basis to machine tool builders. However, FANUC has been requested to produce laser oscillators that allow more compact and lower-cost laser machines to be built. To meet such demands, FANUC has developed six models of Slab type YAG laser oscillators with output power ranging from 150W to 2㎾. These oscillators are designed mainly fur cutting and welding sheet metals. The oscillator has an exceptionally superior laser beam quality compared to conventional YAG laser oscillators, thus providing significantly improved machining capability. In addition, the laser beam of the oscillator can be efficiently transmitted through quartz optical fibers, enabling laser machines to be simplified and made more compact. This paper introduces the features of FANUC’s developed Slab type YAG laser oscillators and their applications. - Part II - All-solid-state lasers employing laser diodes (LD) as a source of pumping solid-state laser feature high efficiency, compactness, and high reliability. Thus, they are expected to provide a new generation of processing tools in various fields, especially in automobile and aircraft industries where great hopes are being placed on laser welding technology for steel plates and aluminum materials for which a significant growth in demand is expected. Also, in power plants, it is hoped that reliability and safety will be improved by using the laser welding technology. As in the above, the advent of high-power all-solid-state lasers may not only bring a great technological innovation to existing industry, but also create new industry. This is the background for this project, which has set its sights on the development of high-power, all-solid-state lasers with an average output of over 10㎾, an oscillation efficiency of over 20%, and a laser head volume of below 0.05㎥. FANUC Ltd. is responsible for the research and development of slab type lasers, and TOSHIBA Corp. far rod type lasers. By pumping slab type Nd: YAG crystal and by using quasi-continuous wave (QCW) type LD stacks, FANUC has already obtained an average output power of 1.7㎾, an optical conversion efficiency of 42%, and an electro-optical conversion efficiency of 16%. These conversion efficiencies are the best results the world has ever seen in the field of high-power all-solid-state lasers. TOSHIBA Corp. has also obtained an output power of 1.2㎾, an optical conversion efficiency of 30％, and an electro-optical conversion efficiency of 12%, by pumping the rod type Nd: YAG crystal by continuous wave (CW) type LD stacks. The laser power achieved by TOSHIBA Corp. is also a new world record in the field of rod type all-solid-state lasers. This report provides details of the above results and some information on future development plans.

• Proceedings of the Korea Technical Association of the Pulp and Paper Industry Conference
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• 2006.06b
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• pp.231-237
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• 2006

Grease barrier food containers are commonly used for packaging of fast food, cooked food, and food in general. Greaseproofing is also used for certificate paper and label paper etc. Different pulp raw materials, due to their different fiber morphology and chemical compositions, produce papers of varying characteristics. We used optical photomicroscopy and fiber analysis data to evaluate fiber morphology and traits under various beating conditions in order to understand which pulp raw materials produced superior greaseproofing property when a fluorinated greaseproofing agent was added internally. The experiment studied 9 species of pulps, including 2 softwood (northern pine and radiata pine) bleached kraft pulps which were beaten to 550 and 350 mL CSF, respectively; 3 hardwoods (eucalypts, acacia, mixed Indonesian hardwoods) bleached kraft pulps which were beaten to 450 and 250 mL CSF, respectively; and nonwood fibers of reed, bagasse, and abaca. A fluorinated greaseproofing chemical at 0.12% dosage with respect to dry pulp was added to each pulp preparation and formed handsheets. A total of 67 sets of handsheets were prepared, and their basis weights, thickness, bulks, opacities, wet opacities, air resistance, water absorption and degrees of greaseproofing were measured for an overall evaluation of pulp and freeness on greaseproofing papers. The experimental fiber length, coarseness and distribution characteristics and the greaseproofing results suggest that softwood pulps (radiate pine > northern pine) were superior to hardwood pulps (eucalypts > acacia > mixed Indonesian hardwoods). The unbeaten pulps gave papers with high porosities and nearly devoid of greaseproofing property. Greaseproofing is proportional to air resistance. Among the nonwood fibers, bagasse had the best greaseproofing property, followed by reed and abaca was the poorest. With regards to waterproofing property, hardwood pulps (mixed Indonesian hardwoods > acacia > eucalypts) were better than softwood pulps (northern pine > radiate pine). Among the Nonwood fibers, reed had the highest waterproofing property, and it was followed by abaca, while bagasse had the poorest waterproofing characteristic. In summary, bleached kraft northern pine, eucalypts and reed pulps were best suited for making greaseproofing papers, Freeness of the pulps should be kept at $200{\sim}280mL$ CSF for optimal performance.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2009.06a
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• pp.412-412
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• 2009

Carbon-based nano materials have a significant effect on various fields such as physics, chemistry and material science. Therefore carbon nano materials have been investigated by many scientists and engineers. Especially, since graphene, 2-dimemsonal carbon nanostructure, was experimentally discovered graphene has been tremendously attracted by both theoretical and experimental groups due to their extraordinary electrical, chemical and mechanical properties. Electrical conductivity of graphene is about ten times to that of silicon-based material and independent of temperature. At the same time silicon-based semiconductors encountered to limitation in size reduction, graphene is a strong candidate substituting for silicon-based semiconductor. But there are many limitations on fabricating large-scale graphene sheets (GS) without any defect and controlling chirality of edges. Many scientists applied micromechanical cleavage method from graphite and a SiC decomposition method to the fabrication of GS. However these methods are on the basic stage and have many drawbacks. Thereupon, our group fabricated GS through Thermo-electrical Pulse Induced Evaporation (TPIE) motivated by arc-discharge and field ion microscopy. This method is based on interaction of electrical pulse evaporation and thermal evaporation and is useful to produce not only graphene but also various carbon-based nanostructures with feeble pulse and at low temperature. On fabricating GS procedure, we could recognize distinguishable conditions (electrical pulse, temperature, etc.) to form a variety of carbon nanostructures. In this presentation, we will show the structural properties of OS by synthesized TPIE. Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and Optical Microscopy (OM) observations were performed to view structural characteristics such as crystallinity. Moreover, we confirmed number of layers of GS by Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) and Raman spectroscopy. Also, we used a probe station, in order to measure the electrical properties such as sheet resistance, resistivity, mobility of OS. We believe our method (TPIE) is a powerful bottom-up approach to synthesize and modify carbon-based nanostructures.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.195-210
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• 2006

The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of combination of rhBMP-4 and chitosan, which have osteoinductive capacity, on the regeneration of bone defects in dogs. Three beagle dogs aged over one and half years and weighed about 15Kg were used in this study. Three round defects were made by trephine bur in each side of mandibles. Each defect was filled with collagen, chitosan, rhBMP-4/chitosan. The dogs were sacrificed at 1, 3 or 8 weeks postsurgery and the results were evaluated histologically. The results of this study were as follows: 1. The sign of new bone formation, rearrangement of osteoblasts was revealed adjacent of preexisted bone or around graft materials such as chitosan. 2. The descending order of groups in bone regeneration speed was the rhBMP-4/chitosan group, chitosan group, collagen group. In the combination group, new bone was regenerated more and in better quality than others. 3. The regeneration of bone was observed in the rhBMP-4/chitosan group in 3 weeks after surgery. In 8 weeks after surgery, bone regeneration was observed in all three groups, and new bone at 8th week was denser in the chitosan and rhBMP-4/chitosan group than collagen group. In conclusion, rhBMP-4 and chitosan can be applied in the bone regeneration procedures usefully. It is considered that chitosan can be a splint for the maintenance of the defect form and produce much better effect when used with good grafting material or bone morphogenetic protein.

• Smart Media Journal
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.107-115
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• 2020

Recently, BIM has become mandatory in the construction field, research on various use cases is increasing. In particular, when virtual reality technology, one of the core technologies of the 4th industrial revolution, and BIM are combined, it can be used in various fields such as preliminary design review and construction simulation. Until now, however, virtual reality grafting technology is only used as a simple prototype or as a model house. Also, it is difficult to activate virtual construction because it is expensive to produce high-quality virtual reality contents. Therefore, in this paper, in order to increase the utilization and quality of the virtual construction field, a study was conducted to shorten the material mapping time, which takes a lot of time when producing virtual reality contents using BIM. To this end, object properties were assigned to enable material mapping in the BIM model, and materials most used in the construction field were configured, and automated material function development and final tests were conducted that automatically map properties and materials. For the test, 10 models were used and the test was repeated three times, and the productivity improvement of about 50.16% was finally achieved. In the future, we plan to conduct research on physical data weight reduction based on the advanced material mapping automation function and the large-capacity BIM model.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Library and Information Science
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.291-313
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• 2004

Bookstart is a gifting project, which aims to provide free books to babies in order to promote the idea of early book sharing and to develop a life long love of books. Bookstart was initiated in the UK in 1992 by the independent charity Booktrust in co-operation with Birmingham Library Services, South Birmingham Health Authority and Birmingham University School of Education. The idea of Bookstart has begun to spread not only to Korea but also to other countries. Bookstart In Korea is due to actively operate In many local governments. Therefore. many library researchers, scholars and professionals. council officers and ordinary people who are involved in Bookstart in Korea are urgently looking for materials on Bookstart in the UK. Consequently, this study examines Bookstart in the UK and the main aims of this study are: to produce results applicable to the successful operation of Bookstart in Korea : to give Bookstart-related people an understanding of many aspects of the operation of Bookstart; and to provide Ideas and information on the operation of Bookstart in Korea. In order to obtain useful data. the researcher used a questionnaire and interview method and reviewed the literature. The study revealed that Bookstart In the UK aims not only to promote babies' Interest In books and reading but also to Improve family relationships and to tackle social exclusion.

• Journal of Korea Technology Innovation Society
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.431-457
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• 2007

The main purpose of this study is to analyze the determinants of innovation in the medium core firms that belong to components and materials industry. For this purpose, we introduce the Schumpeterian hypothesis as a theoretical background at first. According to the Schumpeterian hypothesis, large firms in concentrated markets are likely to have more innovative activities. That means, firm site and market structure are the main determinant of innovation. Then, we propose other economic factors that have been considered to have effects on firms' innovative activities in previous studies. Those factors are export, profit, growth rate, R&D expenditure and capital intensity. In order to analyze the determinants of innovation, we estimate whether firm size, market structure, export, profit, growth rate, R&D expenditure and capital intensity affect to the possibility of creating innovation in medium core firms. In order to do this, our study uses survey data from 'Korean Innovation Survey(2005)' conducted by STEPI as well as utilizes the probit model as an analytical method. According to the empirical results, firm size has a positive relationship with innovative activities of medium core firms but market concentration does not. We find the negative correlation between market concentration and innovative activities in this study. Thus, was have to say that we do not fully support the Schumpeterian hypothesis in this case. Among other variables, profit and R&D expenditure are estimated to have positive relationship with innovative activities, while export and capital intensity are estimated to have negative relationship with innovative activities. In case of growth rate, we do not find any significant relationship with innovative activities. In conclusion, larger firm size, higher market competition, more access to the financial market and additional R&D investment would facilitate innovative activities of medium core firms. However, we have to review the relationship between export and innovative activities that has been estimated in this study. While the estimated effect of export on innovative activities can be explained by the own characteristics of medium core firms that produce and supply capital goods to final manufacturer, we have address this issue in the future.