• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.308-323
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• 1996

This study tried to find the prevalence and distribution of temporo-mandibulr disorders(TMD) for workers (employee) in Seoul area to investigate the correlation between TMD and possible etiological factors such as general muscle and joint symptoms, headache, unilateral chewing and parafunction. This study was an epidemiological investigation of answers obtained from 282 persons by questionaire from Aug. 1995 to Nov. 1995. The major findings from the questionaire were as follows. (1) 43.26% of the subjects(282 persons) has TMD. (41.88% of man and 43.26% of women) (2) The more often people have general muscle and joint symptoms and headache, the more susceptible they are to TMD. Their correlation was very significant(p<0.001). (3) The more people have bad oral habits such as bruxism, clenching and biting habit, the more likely they have TMD. The more sensitive people are to stress, the more frequently they have bad oral habits such as bruxism, clenching and biting habit. (4) Unilateral chewing has higher TMD index than bilateral chewing. There is no relationship between ache areas and TMD index.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.7-13
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• 2014

Purpose: This study was performed to evaluate the prevalence of all types and subtypes of dental anomalies among 7- to 35-year-old patients by using panoramic radiographs. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 1649 people in Hamadan City, in 2012-2013. The prevalence of four types and 12 subtypes of dental anomalies was evaluated by two observers separately by using panoramic radiography. Dental anomalies were divided into four types: (a) shape (including fusion, taurodontism, and dens invagination); (b) number (including hypodontia, oligodontia, and hyperdontia); (c) structure (including amelogenesis imperfecta, dentinogenesis imperfecta, and dentin dysplasia); and (d) position (including displacement, impaction, and dilacerations). Results: The reliability between the two observers was 79.56% according to the Kappa statistics. The prevalence of dental anomalies diagnosed by panoramic radiographs was 29%. Anomalies of position and number were the most common types of abnormalities, and anomalies of shape and structure were the least in both genders. Anomalies of impaction (44.76%), dilacerations (21.11%), hypodontia (15.88%), taurodontism (9.29%), and hyperdontia (6.76%) were the most common subtypes of dental anomalies. The anomalies of shape and number were more common in the age groups of 7-12 years and 13-15 years, respectively, while the anomalies of structure and position were more common among the other age groups. Conclusion: Anomalies of tooth position were the most common type of dental anomalies, and structure anomalies were the least in this Iranian population. The frequency and type of dental anomalies vary within and between populations, confirming the role of racial factors in the prevalence of dental anomalies.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.612-615
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• 2009

A 10-year-old intact male mixed breed dog was presented with a three-month history of massive oral mass. Physical examination revealed extending mass from the right upper gingiva. No metastasis was found at the time of presentation. Histopathologic examination of biopsied tissue from the oral mass was consistent with a neuroendocrine tumor with generalized epithelioid cells and few spindle cells. There were highly mitoses and no visible melanin granules with H&E staining. Immunohistochemical staining for Melan A was performed on section of tumor and was strongly positive. Diagnosis was made as amelanotic malignant melanoma based on histopathology with Melan A immunohistochemistry. This case study indicates that the Melan A immunohistochemical staining may be valuable to diagnose amelanotic malignant melanoma in dogs.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.183-190
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• 2020

Objectives: The purpose of this retrospective epidemiological study was to determine the etiology and pattern of maxillofacial injuries in a pediatric population. Materials and Methods: Data for pediatric maxillofacial trauma patients aged 12 years and younger who were registered at the Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Dr. R. Ahmed Dental College and Hospital, Kolkata, India, were reviewed and examined. Patients who were treated between October 2016 and September 2018 were analyzed according to age, sex, cause of injury, frequency and site of facial fractures, and soft tissue injuries. The chi-square tests were carried out for statistical analyses with a significance level of 5%. Results: Of 232 patients with a mean age of 6.77±3.25 years, there were 134 males (57.8%) and 98 females (42.2%). The overall male to female ratio was 1.39:1. The most common causes of injuries were falls (56.5%) and motor vehicle accidents (16.8%). Incidence of falls decreased significantly with age (P<0.001). Dentoalveolar injuries (61.6%) and soft tissue injuries (57.3%) were more common than facial fractures (42.7%). Mandibular fractures (82.8%) were the most common facial fractures, and perioral or lip injuries were the most prevalent injuries in our patient population. There was a positive association between facial fractures and soft tissue injury (P<0.01) (odds ratio 0.26; confidence interval 0.15-0.46). Conclusion: Falls were the leading cause of maxillofacial trauma in our sample of children, and the most common site of fractures was the mandible.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.29 no.3 s.54
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• pp.483-494
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• 1996

The objectives of this study are to estimate the prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) and to identify risk factors associated with fasting blood sugar in a rural adult population. We carried out a cross - sectional study on the residents over 30-year old. Among the 1077 eligible subjects, 725 persons responded to the study;the study consisted of interview on family and past history of DM, anthropometry, blood pressure, and blood sugar level in each subjects. Only 707 subjects of 725 participants had fasting blood sugar(FBS) examined and the rest, 18 subjects were had casual blood sugar examined due to failure of fasting over 8 - hour. When subjects had $FBS\geq140mg/dl$, 2 hours postprandial blood sugar level was checked after 75g oral glucose loading. The prevalence of DM was 8.9%, and age standarized prevalence rate adjusted to Korean population of 1995 was 5.8%. Mean and SD of fasting blood sugar in men was $99.8{\pm}22.6$, and in women was $111.5{\pm}29.9$. Mean levels of fasting blood sugar were significantly higher in women than in man and as their ages advanced the prevalences increased in both sexes. PP2 blood sugar levels were significantly higher in elder age and in persons with higher FBS levels than others. The risk factors associated with FBS were past history of diabetes, sex, socioeconomic status and waist - to - hip circumference ratio;the risk of diabetes was increased in female, people with past DM history, central obesity and low socioeconomic state. The low socioeconomic status associated with DM in this study, which is different from other study results, should be pursued in further studies.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.1277-1280
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• 2015

Aim: To report epidemiologic and anatomoclinical transitions of inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) in Tunisia. Materials and Methods: Data including clinico-pathological data for 208 cases of T4d or PEV 3 non-metastatic breast cancer diagnosed between 2005 and 2010 were collected from patient records. Chi2 and Z tests were used to compare variables with two Tunisian historical series and a series about Arab-American patients. Results: Thirty three percent of our patients had their first child before 23 years of age and 56% had their menarche before 12 years, 75% never receiving oral contraception. Obesity was observed in 42% of women and IBC occurred during pregnancy in 13% of cases. Tumor grade was II-III in 90% of cases, HR was negative in 52%, HER2 was over expressed in 31% and invasion of more than 3 axillary nodes occurred in 18% of patients. We observed a pCR rate of 19% after neoadjuvant treatment (anthracyline-taxane used in 79%, trastuzumab in 27% ). Compared to historical Tunisian series (since 1996), IBC epidemiology remained stable in terms of median age, menopausal status and obesity. However we observed a significant decrease in median clinical tumor size and number of positive axillary lymph nodes. Comparison to IBC in Arab-Americans showed a significant difference in terms of median age, menopausal status, positivity of hormonal receptors and educational level. Conclusions: Our assessment of epidemiologic transition showed a reduction of clinco-pathological stage of IBC, keeping the same characteristics as compared to Tunisian historical series over a period of 14 years. Features seem to be different in Arab-American patients, probably related to migration, "occidentalization" of life style and improvement in socio-economic level.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.101-111
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• 2006

Temporomandibular disorders (TMD) is a collective term embrassing a number of clinical problems that involve the masticatory musculature, the Temporomandibular joint and associated structures, or both. The prevalence of signs and symptoms associated with TMD can be best appreciated by examining epidemiologic studies. But domestic epidemiologic studies about sex, history, chief complaint, diagnosis were not sufficient comparing with foreign countries. The results obtained as follow. 1. The number of visiting patients were 6500 and mean age was 34.06 year (Male's mean age was 33.15, Female's 34.62). In the age of patients, there was no significant difference between sex. 2. There are most patients who were referred by dentist (80.07%). Most diagnostic group was arthrogenous TMD group and followed by myogenous TMD, soft tissue disease. 3. There was strong interaction between diagnostic groups and chief complaint. 4. There was little pain difference between right and left sides. Male mainly had pain onset under 6 month, but female had pain onset more than 6 month. 5. The number of patients who had joint sound history were 3445 (53.15%). There was no significant difference of pain onset between sex. Clicking sound was most among joint sounds which happened to patients. 6. In analyzing the parafunctional habit, male mainly had bruxism, but female had clenching habit.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.451-458
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to examine pervasive trends in oral cancer in different countries in an effort to discuss what to do to prevent cancer and drop a death rate. The materials of the study were selected from among articles of oral cancer by searching risk factor and epidemiology at a website (www.oraloncology.com). As a result of analyzing the selected literature, it's found that in our country, the percentage of oral cancer in total cancer dropped but the number of oral cancer patients was on the rise every year. In foreign countries, the number of oral cancer patients was on the increase as well, whereas the lethality dropped. In terms of demographic characteristics, the incidence rate of oral cancer was higher among men than women overall. The incidence rate of oral cancer was larger among older people. The major causes of oral cancer were smoking and drinking. To reduce the incidence rate of oral cancer, every possible institutional, administrative and legal measure should be taken to ensure of anti-smoking policies, and publicity of moderation in and abstinence from drinking should be reinforced. The additional causes of oral cancer were demographic characteristics by country and region. The incidence of oral cancer was under the influence of that was affected when the level of personal economy and education was low. Therefore it's important to redress social imbalance within a country and among countries to remove socioeconomic divide. As the oral cancer patients has increased every year, the incidence rate of it should accurately be grasped, and sustained research efforts should be made in consideration of demographic characteristics. Early diagnosis, public oral health education and preventive policies are all required to decrease the incidence rate of oral cancer.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.12
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• pp.6059-6062
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• 2012

Regional cancer epidemiology is an important basis for determining the priorities for cancer control in different countries worldwide. There is no reliable information about the pattern of head and neck cancer in western Nepal and hence an attempt was here made to evaluate the situation based on hospital data, which provide the only source in the western region of Nepal. A clinicopathological analysis of head and neck cancers treated between 2003 and 2006 in Manipal Teaching Hospital affiliated to Manipal College of Medical Sciences, Pokhara, Western Development Region, Nepal was performed. A total of 105 head and neck cancer cases were identified with a male to female ratio of 1.8:1. The median ages of male and female patients were 62 and 64 years, respectively. Ninety-seven (92.4%) of the cancer patients were suffering from carcinoma, three (2.9%) had blastoma, three (2.9%) had sarcoma, and two (1.9%) had lymphoma. The majority (61.9%) of carcinoma cases were squamous cell carcinoma followed by anaplastic carcinoma (7.2%). Of the carcinoma cases, the most common site of primary lesion was larynx (19.6%), followed by the thyroid (14.4%), the tongue and hypopharynx with 10.3% cases each. Comparative analysis among males and females did not reveal any sex difference in type of head and neck cancers. The head and neck cancer pattern revealed by the present study provides valuable leads to cancer epidemiology in western Nepal and useful information for health planning and cancer control, and future research in western Nepal.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• v.48 no.1
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• pp.11-19
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• 2018

Purpose: This study compared the diagnostic accuracy of cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans obtained with 2 CBCT systems with high- and low-resolution modes for the detection of root perforations in endodontically treated mandibular molars. Materials and Methods: The root canals of 72 mandibular molars were cleaned and shaped. Perforations measuring 0.2, 0.3, and 0.4 mm in diameter were created at the furcation area of 48 roots, simulating strip perforations, or on the external surfaces of 48 roots, simulating root perforations. Forty-eight roots remained intact(control group). The roots were filled using gutta-percha (Gapadent, Tianjin, China) and AH26 sealer (Dentsply Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland). The CBCT scans were obtained using the NewTom 3G (QR srl, Verona, Italy) and Cranex 3D (Soredex, Helsinki, Finland) CBCT systems in high- and low-resolution modes, and were evaluated by 2 observers. The chi-square test was used to assess the nominal variables. Results: In strip perforations, the accuracies of low- and high-resolution modes were 75% and 83% for NewTom 3G and 67% and 69% for Cranex 3D. In root perforations, the accuracies of low- and high-resolution modes were 79% and 83% for NewTom 3G and was 56% and 73% for Cranex 3D. Conclusion: The accuracy of the 2 CBCT systems was different for the detection of strip and root perforations. The Cranex 3D had non-significantly higher accuracy than the NewTom 3G. In both scanners, the high-resolution mode yielded significantly higher accuracy than the low-resolution mode. The diagnostic accuracy of CBCT scans was not affected by the perforation diameter.