• 상하수도학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.125-133
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• 1999

The objective of present work is to evaluate the optimum coagulation conditions in order to decrease dissolved organic carbon(DOC) and turbidity at different polyaluminum chloride dosage and pH from Nakdong River water. This studies were carried out to examine distribution on apparent molecular weight(AMW) of DOC in the Nakdong River water and its coagulation-sedimentation water. On the basis of jar tests, at the optimum coagulation pH in order to decrease DOC and turbidity were pH 5.0~6.0 and optimum dosage of polyaluminum chloride were 10~15mg $Al_2O_3/L$. The removal percentage of DOC and UV-254 absorbance were 35~40%, 45~60%, respectively. In pilot plant, at the optimum coagulation pH in order to decrease DOC and turbidity were 5.0-6.5, and the removal percentage of DOC were 30~45%. Distributions of AMW in the Nakdong River, less than 6,800dalton were 60.7% 6,800~11,000dalton were 32.8%, more than 11,000dalton were 6.4%. When the polyaluminum chloride dosage was 12~20mg/L, the removal percentages of each AMW for AMW of Nakdong River water, less than 6,800dalton were 25~28%, 6,800~11,000dalton were 65~68% more than 11,000dalton were 10~60%.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.895-901
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• 1998

폐단백질을 활용하는 방도의 하나로 참깨박으로부터 불용성 단백질의 분리 효율성을 높이고 기능성을 개선하기 위하여 미생물이 생성하는 phytase와 protease를 처리하였다. 이때 참깨박 단백질의 용출을 위한 최적 pH, 최적 온도, 최적 처리시간과 최적 첨가효소량은 pH $10{\sim}12$까지의 알칼리 영역, $60^{\circ}C$, 11시간, phytase 900 unit+protease 60 unit이었다. 효소처리된 참깨박단백질은 거품 형성력과 거품 안정성이 대조구에 비해 크게 증가하였고, 유화력과 유화 안정성 및 유지 흡착력과 수분 흡착력도 효소처리구가 대조구에 비해 매우 증가하였다.

• 센서학회지
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.213-217
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• 2004

The general method to find a H. pylori in the stomach is the rapid urease test but it is only used to decide the infection with H. pylori. In this study, it is tried to develope fiber-optic pH sensor which can be used with gastroscop to quantify H. pylori. To measure the degree of infection with H. pylori, the color change of phenol red according to the degree of pH is measured by optical fibers with different light sources and the optimum distance from a sample to the end of sensor tip is decided by measuring the maximum reflectivity from a sample. Also the sensitivity study is carried out to decide the optimum light source which has sensitive change of reflectivity to the change of pH. It is expected that the fiber-optic pH sensor which measures the degree of infection with H. pylori exactly can be developed.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제15권10호
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• pp.832-835
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• 1994

The ${alpha}$-amylase gene of Bacillus licheniformis has been cloned and two mutant ${alpha}$-amylase genes of which histidine 235 was changed to glutamine (H235Q) and aspartic acid 328 to glutamic acid (D328E) have been produced by site-directed mutagenesis. The kinetic parameters, optimum pH and thermostability of wild type(WT) and these two mutant amylases expressed in E. coli MC1061 have been compared after purification. The $K_m$ values of WT, H235Q and D328E ${alpha}$-amylases were 0.22%, 0.73%, and 0.80% respectively, when using starch as the substrate. The $V_max$ values of wild type ${alpha}$ -amylase and mutant ${alpha}$-amylases were 0.6-0.7%/minute, and did not show any significant differences among them. The optimum pH of D328E ${alpha}$-amylase was shifted to more acidic pH. Also, the thermostability of H235Q ${alpha}$-amylase was increased compared to the wild type ${alpha}$-amylase.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.59-63
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• 1975

When the enzyme preparations were at various temperatures for 1 hour, the thermal stability for the enzyme was maximum at $30{\circ}C.$ The optimum temperature for the enzyme activity was at $40{\circ}C.$ When the enzyme preparations were exposed to various pHs for 22 hours, the enzyme stability was maximum at pH 3.8, and it was decreased gradually as the pH rose up to 4.8, above which the stability was greatly restored. When the exposure period was extended from 22 to pH's 3.0 and 5.9, but the stability tended to rise at pH's below 3.0 and above 5.9. The optimum pH for the enzyme activity was obtained at 4.8.

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.54-61
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• 2007

pH가 혐기성 수소 발효에 미치는 영향을 고찰하기 위해 배양기간 동안 pH를 $3\sim10$까지 일정하게 유지시킨 상태에서 수소생산 효율을 살펴보았다. 유입기질을 sucrose로 하여 생성된 가스는 이산화탄소와 수소였으며 메탄가스는 검출되지 않았다. 수정 Gompartz 방정식을 이용하여 수소가스 발생량$(P_h)$과 최대수소 생성율$(R_h)$을 회귀분석하였을 때 pH 5에서 수소가스 발생량$(P_h)$은 약 1182 mL이고 최대수소 생성율$(R_h)$은 112.46 mL/g dry wt biomass/hr이였다. 수소 전환율은 22.56%이였으며 butyrate/acetate 비가 pH 5에서는 1.63, pH 6에서는 0.38로 ratio값이 높은 pH 5에서 효율이 더 좋다는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. Haldane equation을 이용하여 비수소생산율을 산정해 본 결과 최대 비수소생산율은 119.61 mL/g VSS/hr이였고, 최대 비수소생산율을 나타내는 pH는 5.5로 판명되었다.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.136-140
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• 2001

배양온도 및 배지의 pH가 인삼 뿌리썩음병균 Cylindrocarpon destructans 후막포자의 발아에 미치는 영향을 배지별로 조사한 결과는 다음과 같다. 배양온도별 후막포자 발아율은 Czap다 solution agar(CSA) 배지가 potato dextrose agar(PDA) 보다 높았다. CSA 배지의 경우에는 배양온도 5~3$0^{\circ}C$에서 후막포자의 발아가 가능하였으며 15~$25^{\circ}C$에서 발아율은 53.2~62.7%로서 발아적정 온도범위로 측정되었다. 후막포자 발아 최적 배양온도는 2$0^{\circ}C$로 발아율은 62.7%이었고, 3$0^{\circ}C$에서는 6.9%의 매우 저조한 발아율을 보였다. PDA배지에서는 5~$25^{\circ}C$에서 후막포자가 발아 가능하였고, 3$0^{\circ}C$에서는 발아가 관찰되지 않았다. 10~2$0^{\circ}C$에서 발아율이 43.6~47.9%로서 발아적정 온도범위로 측정되었다. 후막포자 발아최적 배양온도는 2$0^{\circ}C$로 발아율은 47.9%이었다. C. destructans 후막포자는 CSA 배지의 pH 5.2~8.1 조사범위 전체에서 발아되었으며 발아적정 pH 범위는 pH 6.4~8.1이었다. PDA배지의 경우는 pH 5.2~7.4의 조사범위 전체에서 발아가 확인되었으며 발아적정 pH 범위는 pH 5.2~6.0 이었다. C. destructans 후막포자를 21일간 배양한 후 생성된 균총의 색상을 배지 pH별로 조사한 결과, CSA 배지의 경우 pH 5.2~6.0 범위에서 연한 갈색, pH 6.4~8.1 에서 백색의 균총을 형성한 반면, PDA 배지에서는 pH 5.2~7.1에서 C. destructans의 전형적인 암갈색 균총을 형성하였고 pH 7.2에서는 갈색균총을 형성하였다.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.455-461
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• 1995

To investigate the synthesis of $\beta$-Al2O3 and its crystallization behavior by oxalate coprecipitation method, the optimum pH range for oxalate coprecipitates has been theoretically calculated from the solubility products and the equilibrium constans of each metal ionic species and their solubility diagram wa obtained. The optimum pH range for oxalate coprecipitates at room temperature was estimated as <4. In experiment, we found that the optimum condition for oxalate coprecipitates was pH<1, which was not doped with pH controller. The Na+ ions were easily exchanged for the NH4+ ions of NH4OH which was used as pH controller, and those NH4+ ions were supposed to affect the crystallization behavior of $\beta$-Al2O3. The thermal decomposition of all complexes was almost complete below 40$0^{\circ}C$. The primary product of the decomposition process was m-Al2O3, which transformed to $\beta$"- or $\beta$-Al2O3 at temperature higher than 100$0^{\circ}C$. We found that the powder prepared at 120$0^{\circ}C$ had only $\beta$"- and $\beta$-Al2O3.EX>-Al2O3.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.745-753
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• 2007

By struvite and hydroxyapatite crystallization, was high concentration of nitrogen and phosphorus in wastewater simultaneously. Particularly, removal of nitrogen and phosphate for crystallization have been applied to landfill leachates and animal wastewater. The purpose of this study is to decide the optimum struvite crystallization factors, sequence of $Mg^{2+}$ addition, pH control and the molar ratio of $Mg^{2+}$ over $PO_4^{3-}$. In conclusion, dosage of the magnesium followed by pH control formed magnesium hydroxide, so pH was decreased. Therefore, pH adjustment should followed by after magnesium dosage and then pH should be adjusted to 11. Over pH 10, it was not good for struvite crystallization efficiency by side reaction. Following of the $Mg^{2+}$ and the $PO_4^{3-}$ are dosed excessively, the removal efficiency of the $NH_4^+$ increased. A molar ratio of $Mg^{2+}:NH_4^+:PO_4^{3-}$, 1.3:1:1.3 was the most on effective for $NH_4^+$ removal at pH 9.5. But for the perfect removal $NH_4^+$, it is thought to be that molar ratio should be 2:1:2.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.367-373
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• 1989

과실 쥬스에 대한 polygalacturonase의 청징에서 gelatin 농도, 과실쥬스 pH 등의 영향을 알기 위한 연구 결과 polygalacturonase를 사용한 청징에 적당량의 gelatin을 첨가하면 효과가 큰데, 쯔가루 사과 쥬스 및 Campbell Early 포도 쥬스는 0.04%, 골드 딜리셔스 사과 쥬스 0.02%, 마그놀리아 골드 및 홍옥 사과 쥬스 0.01%, 조나골드 사과 쥬스는 0.06%가 각각 gelatin 최적 첨가 농도였다. Polygalacturonase의 pectic acid 분해 최적 pH는 4.8이나 polygalacturonase와 gelatin을 병용한 청징 최적 pH는 $3.2{\sim}3.5$였으며, gelatin 농도에 따라 청징도는 큰 차이를 보이나 점도는 별차이가 없었다. 0.01mg/ml의 polygalacturonase 농도로써 $45^{\circ}C$에서 반응시키면, 과실의 종류 및 품종에 관계없이 60분에도 잘 청징되지 않았으나, 조나 골드 사과 쥬스는 gelatin 0.06% 첨가로 30분 정도, 마그놀리아 골드 및 홍옥 사과 쥬스는 0.01% 첨가로 각각 30분, 60분 정도, 쯔가루 사과 쥬스 및 Campbell Early 포도 쥬스는 0.04% 로 첨가로 40분 정도, 골든 딜리셔스 사과 쥬스는 0.02%첨가로 40분 정도에서 각각 완전히 청징되었다.