• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제61권2호
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• pp.267-274
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• 2017

In this study was investigated of possibility using the recorded micro tremor data on ground level as ambient vibration input excitation data for investigation and application Operational Modal Analysis (OMA) on the bench-scale earthquake simulator (The Quanser Shake Table) for model steel structures. As known OMA methods (such as EFDD, SSI and so on) are supposed to deal with the ambient responses. For this purpose, analytical and experimental modal analysis of a model steel structure for dynamic characteristics was evaluated. 3D Finite element model of the building was evaluated for the model steel structure based on the design drawing. Ambient excitation was provided by shake table from the recorded micro tremor ambient vibration data on ground level. Enhanced Frequency Domain Decomposition is used for the output only modal identification. From this study, best correlation is found between mode shapes. Natural frequencies and analytical frequencies in average (only) 2.8% are differences.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.321-327
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• 2019

This study investigated the possibility of using the recorded micro tremor data on ground level as ambient vibration input excitation data for investigation and application Operational Modal Analysis (OMA) on the bench-scale earthquake simulator (The Quanser Shake Table) for model chimney. As known OMA methods (such as EFDD, SSI and so on) are supposed to deal with the ambient responses. For this purpose, analytical and experimental modal analysis of a model chimney for dynamic characteristics was performed. 3D Finite element model of the chimney was evaluated based on the design drawing. Ambient excitation was provided by shake table from the recorded micro tremor ambient vibration data on ground level. Enhanced Frequency Domain Decomposition is used for the output only modal identification. From this study, best correlation is found between mode shapes. Natural frequencies and analytical frequencies in average (only) 1.996% are different.

• 한국소음진동공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소음진동공학회 2003년도 추계학술대회논문집
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• pp.840-840
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• 2003

Operational Modal Analysis (OMA) is a technique for identification of modal parameters by measurement of only the system's response. On many lightweight structures, such as load-speaker cones and disk drive read/write heads, is impossible or impractical to measure the input forces. Another characteristic of lightweight structure is their sensitivity to mass loading from sensors. The Scanning Laser Doppler Vibrometry(SLDV) allows response measurements to be taken without mass loading. One disadvantage of OMA testing compared to tradition input output modal testing is the OMA mode shapes are un-scaled. This means that the mode shape obtained from an OMA test can not used for analytical structural modification studies. However, the un-scaled mode shapes from an OMA test can be used to update a Finite Element Model (FEM). The updated FEM can then be used to analytically predict the effect of structural modifications. This paper will present the results of an OMA test performed on a simple plate and motor in operating conditions. The un-scaled mode shapes from this test will be used to update a FEM model of the system. The updated FEM model will be then be used to predict the effect of attaching a mass to the plate. The shapes predicted by the FEM for the modified system will be compared to a second OMA test on the modified system

• 한국지진공학회논문집
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.19-33
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• 2008

구조물에 고유한 진동수,모드형태 및 감쇠비 등과 같은 동적성능치를 추출하기 위하여 25층 및 42층 건물에 대하여 자연진동에 의한 동적계측실험을 수행하였다. 고려된 건물은 주요 횡하중 지지기구로서 코아벽체 혹은 전단벽체가 추가된 철근콘크리트건물이며, 입면 혹은 평면상으로 골조가 혼합된 구조형식을 나타낸다. 특히, 25층 건물은 측면에 위치한 코아벽체 이외에 상부로부터 내려오는 전단벽 구조가 4층 바닥이하에서 골조형식으로 전환되는 복잡한 구조이다. 이와 같은 이유 및 건물 주방향의 유사한 강성배치로 매우 근접하고 혼합된 모드형태가 예상되어 시스템판별 시 어려움이 예상된다. 현재까지 개발된 다양한 시스템판별법을 대상건물의 자연진동 실측기록에 적용하여 모달계수를 유도하였으며, 그 결과를 비교 분석하였다. 3개의 주파수영역 및 4개의 시간영역에 근거한 응답의존 시스템판별법이 고려되었다. 서로 다른 시스템판별법에 의하여 추출된 고유진동수 및 감쇠비는 대체로 상당한 일치를 보였으나, 모드형태는 사용된 방법에 따라 정도가 다르게 불일치를 나타냈다. 실험으로부터 추출한 성능치와 초기 유한요소해석 값을 비교해 본 결과 대상건물 모두 적어도 저차 3개의 고유진동수에서 2배 정도의 차이를 나타냈다. 실험과 해석결과의 일치를 위하여 몇몇 수동모델향상이 시도되었으며, 허용할 만한 결과를 획득하였다. 사용된 시스템판별법에 대하여 각자의 장, 단점에 대하여 기술하였으며, 본 연구와 같은 실제 대형구조물에 대하여 자동모델향상기법을 적용할 시 예상되는 문제점에 대하여 토의하였다.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.21-44
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• 2014

The aim of this study is to determine the dynamic characteristics of long reinforced concrete highway bridges with post-tension tendons using analytical and experimental methods. It is known that the deck length and height of bridges are affected the dynamic characteristics considerably. For this purpose, Berta Bridge constructed in deep valley, in Artvin, Turkey, is selected as an application. The Bridge has two piers with height of 109.245 m and 85.193 m, and the total length of deck is 340.0 m. Analytical and experimental studies are carried out on Berta Bridge which was built in accordance with the balanced cantilever method. Finite Element Method (FEM) and Operational Modal Analysis (OMA) which considers ambient vibration data were used in analytical and experimental studies, respectively. Finite element model of the bridge is created by using SAP2000 program to obtain analytical dynamic characteristics such as the natural frequencies and mode shapes. The ambient vibration tests are performed using Operational Modal Analysis under wind and human loads. Enhanced Frequency Domain Decomposition (EFDD) and Stochastic Subspace Identification (SSI) methods are used to obtain experimental dynamic characteristics like natural frequencies, mode shapes and damping ratios. At the end of the study, analytical and experimental dynamic characteristic are compared with each other and the finite element model of the bridge was updated considering the material properties and boundary conditions. It is emphasized that Operational Modal Analysis method based on the ambient vibrations can be used safely to determine the dynamic characteristics, to update the finite element models, and to monitor the structural health of long reinforced concrete highway bridges constructed with the balanced cantilever method.

• 한국철도학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국철도학회 2008년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.56-64
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• 2008

To maintain effectively the functionality of major railroad facilities such as bridges, identifying and evaluating damage in a structure and taking appropriate action via continuous structural health monitoring are very important. However, most damage identification methods for structural health monitoring developed to date utilize modal domain responses which inevitably contain errors in transforming the domain of responses. In this paper, a damage identification method using time-domain operational deflection shapes is proposed. Since the proposed method utilizes time-domain responses, the error in the process of transformation to response domain can be avoided, and the accuracy of structural health evaluation can be improved. The feasibility of the proposed method is verified via a numerical example of a simple bridge structure.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.327-335
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• 2018

This paper presents structural assessment of a steel railway bridge for current condition using modal parameter to upgrade finite element modeling in order to gather accurate result. An adequate monitoring, such as acceleration, displacement, strain monitoring, is important tool to understand behavior and to assess structural performance of the structure under surround vibration by means of the dynamic analysis. Evaluation of conditions of an existing steel railway bridge consist of 4 decks, three of them are 14 m, one of them is 9.7 m, was performed with a numerical analysis and a series of dynamic tests. Numerical analysis was performed implementing finite element model of the bridge using SAP2000 software. Dynamic tests were performed by collecting acceleration data caused by surrounding vibrations and dynamic analysis is performed by Operational Modal Analysis (OMA) using collected acceleration data. The acceleration response of the steel bridge is assumed to be governing response quantity for structural assessment and provide valuable information about the current statute of the structure. Modal identification determined based on response of the structure play significant role for upgrading finite element model of the structure and helping structural evaluation. Numerical and experimental dynamic properties are compared and finite element model of the bridge is updated by changing of material properties to reduce the differences between the results. In this paper, an existing steel railway bridge with four spans is evaluated by finite element model improved using operational modal analysis. Structural analysis performed for the bridge both for original and calibrated models, and results are compared. It is demonstrated that differences in natural frequencies are reduced between 0.2% to 5% by calibrating finite element modeling and stiffness properties.

• 한국전산구조공학회논문집
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.35-42
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• 2021

이 논문에서는 공용중인 구조물의 상시 계측 자료를 사용한 온라인 유한요소 모델 업데이트 방법을 제안한다. 일반적인 최적화 방법에 기반한 기존의 방법은 최적해를 찾기까지 반복적으로 고유치 해석을 수행해야 하므로 상시 업데이트에 사용하기에는 효과적이지 못하다. 제안하는 방법은 별도의 오프라인 작업이나 사용자의 개입이 없이 자동화된 과정으로 계측과 동시에 온라인 유한요소모델 업데이트를 수행할 수 있는 새로운 방법이다. 자동화된 Cov-SSI 알고리즘을 통해 구조물의 진동 계측 신호로부터 고유진동수 및 모드 형상을 식별하고, 이를 다시 역 고유치 신경망에 입력하여 최종적으로 업데이트된 유한요소 모델의 파라미터를 추정한다. 풍하중을 받는 20층 전단 빌딩 구조 모형에 대한 수치예제를 통해 제시한 방법이 자동으로 연속적인 유한요소모델 업데이트를 할 수 있었음을 확인하였다. 또한, 계측 도중 구조물의 특성이 변화하는 시나리오에 대한 예제에서 구조물의 변화가 일어나는 시점과 변화 후 변동된 구조 모델 파라미터 값을 성공적으로 추정할 수 있음을 확인하였다.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제17권6호
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• pp.1017-1030
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• 2016

This study focuses on the system identification of reinforced concrete bridges using vector autoregressive model (VAR). First, the time series output response from a bridge establishes the autoregressive (AR) models. AR models are one of the most accurate methods for stationary time series. Burg's algorithm estimates the autoregressive coefficients (ARCs) at p-lag by reducing the sum of the forward and the backward errors. The computed ARCs are assembled in the state system matrix and the eigen-system realization algorithm (ERA) computes: the eigenvector matrix that contains the vectors of the mode shapes, and the eigenvalue matrix that contains the associated natural frequencies. By taking advantage of the characteristic of the AR model with ERA (ARMERA), civil engineering can address problems related to damage detection. Operational modal analysis using ARMERA is applied to three experiments. One experiment is coupled with an artificial neural network algorithm and it can detect damage locations and extension. The neural network uses a specific number of ARCs as input and multiple submatrix scaling factors of the structural stiffness matrix as output to represent the damage.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제50권2호
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• pp.137-149
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• 2014

In this study, modal parameters such as natural frequencies, mode shapes and damping ratios of RC frames with low strength are determined for different construction stages using ambient vibration test. For this purpose full scaled, one bay and one story RC frames are produced and tested for plane, brick in-filled and brick in-filled with plaster conditions. Measurement time, frequency span and effective mode number are determined by considering similar studies and literature. To obtain experimental dynamic characteristics, Enhanced Frequency Domain Decomposition and Stochastic Subspace Identification techniques are used together. It is shown that the ambient vibration measurements are enough to identify the most significant modes of RC frames. The results indicate that modal parameters change significantly depending on the construction stages. In addition, Infill walls increase stiffness and change the mode shapes of the RC frame. There is a good agreement between mode shapes obtained from brick in-filled and in-filled with plaster conditions. However, some differences are seen in plane frame, like expected. Dynamic characteristics should be verified using finite element analysis. Finally, inconsistency between experimental and analytical dynamic characteristics should be minimize by finite element model updating using some uncertain parameters such as material properties, boundary condition and section properties to reflect the current behavior of the RC frames.