• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.11-20
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• 2004

The purpose of this paper was to reveal Service Operation Strategy for the Internet shopping mall based on the types of internet users' market segmentation focus on the internet shopping behavior and e-service quality. In this paper, we examined internet shopping behavior and internet service quality factor depend on the types of internet users' group empirically. The empirical study result identifies the main decision factor depend on the types of internet users' group. On the basis of these result, Service Operation Strategy for the internet shopping mall has been suggested.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Power Electronics
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.156-164
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• 1998

The operation regions of a three-phase(3Ø) voltage-source(VS) PWM converter are classified in the current vector plane of the synchronous reference frame and their characteristics are explained. In the the power-factor decreasing region, the current control with unity power-factor can not give satisfactory performance to the given load because of the distortion of input current and the ripples and the steady-state errors in DC link voltage. In this paper, the derivation of the optimal current vector is proposed to solve these problems. With this, the input current can be controlled sinusoidally with available maximum power factor and the DC link voltage be the given load, resulting the expansion of the operation region of the 3Ø VS PWM converter. The validity of the proposed control method is proved by the experimental results.

• Journal of the Korean Solar Energy Society
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.14-19
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• 2009

The 50 kWp grid connected photovoltaic system which was installed at KEPRI site in 1999 has been operated more than 10 years. In order to acquire long term operation characteristics of medium size photovoltaic system, the operation test data related on power generation electricity and capacity factor of 50 kWp system, which have been collected since 1999, were analysed. From the analysing results, 57.7 MWh in annual power generation electricity of 50 kWp photovoltaic system in 1999 has been decreased 49.1 MWh in 2005 and reached 41.9 MWh in 2008. In addition to, the capacity factor of 50 kWp photovoltaic system also showed 13.2 % in 1999, 11.2% in 2005 and finally reached 9.6% in 2008. The operation test data showed a trend of decreasing of generation electricity and capacity factor during the 10 years operation time and we guessed that was caused by solar cell performance degradation and decreasing of PCS system efficiency.

• Bulletin of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.61 no.3
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• pp.735-744
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• 2024

In this note, we shed new light on Krull domains from the point view of Gorenstein homological algebra. By using the so-called w-operation, we show that an integral domain R is Krull if and only if for any nonzero proper w-ideal I, the Gorenstein global dimension of the w-factor ring (R/I)_w is zero. Further, we obtain that an integral domain R is Dedekind if and only if for any nonzero proper ideal I, the Gorenstein global dimension of the factor ring R/I is zero.

• Journal of Drive and Control
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.31-39
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• 2023

The aim of this study was to measure and analyze engine load factor (LF) according to working conditions (operation type and gear stage) of small agricultural multi-purpose cultivator to estimate the emission of air pollutants. To calculate LF, a torque sensor capable of collecting torque and rotational speed was installed on the engine output shaft and DAQ was used to collect data. A field test was conducted with major operation of a cultivator and tillage operations (plow tillage and rotary tillage). Engine power was calculated using engine torque and rotational speed and LF was calculated using real-time power and rated power. In addition, unified LF was calculated using the weight for each operation and the average LF for each operation. As a result, average LF values at 1.87 and 3.10 km/h by plow tillage were 0.50 and 0.69, respectively. Average LF values at 1.87 and 3.10 km/h by rotary tillage were 0.70 and 0.78, respectively. Furthermore, unified LF calculated in consideration of the weight factor showed a value of 0.65, which was 135% higher than the conventional LF (0.48). Results of this study could be used as basic information for realizing LF values in the field of agricultural machinery.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers A
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• v.53 no.9
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• pp.494-499
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• 2004

This paper presents to compute the power economic dispatch, an optimal power flow (OPF) computation algorithm, considering the load power factor limits constraint in developed. Efficient reactive power planning enhances economic operation as well as system security. Accordingly, an adequate level of power factor limits for the load busesshould be evaluated for economic operation. In this paper, the ranges of acceptable load power factors are portrayed as bandwidths of load power factor expressed as a function of load level. The load power factor limits are included and described into the OPF's objective function. The method Proposed is applied to IEEE 26 bus system.

• Journal of Drive and Control
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.16-25
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• 2022

The purpose of this study was to calculate and analyze the engine load factor of major agricultural operations using a 78 kW class agricultural tractor for estimating the emission of air pollutants and greenhouse. Engine load data were collected using controller area network (CAN) communication. Main agricultural operations were selected as plow tillage (PT), rotary tillage (RT), baler operation (BO), loader operation (LO), driving on soil (DS), and driving on concrete (DC). The engine power was calculated using the measured engine load data. A weight factor was applied to load factor for considering usage ratio according to agricultural operations. Weight factors for different agricultural operations were calculated to be 27.4%, 32.9%, 17.5%, 7.7%, 4.5%, and 10.0% for PT, RT, BO, LO, DS, and DC, respectively. As a result of the field test, load factors were 0.74, 0.93, 0.41, 0.23, 0.27, and 0.21 for PT, RT, BO, LO, DS, and DC, respectively. The engine load factor was the highest for RT. Finally, as a result of applying the weight factor for usage ratio of agricultural operations, the integrated engine load factor was estimated to be 0.63, which was about 1.31 times higher than the conventional applied load factor of 0.48. In future studies, we plan to analyze the engine load factor by considering various horsepower and working conditions of the tractor.

• Journal of The Korean Dental Society of Anesthesiology
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• v.2 no.1 s.2
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• pp.27-32
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• 2002

Hemophilia A is the most common congenital bleeding disorder, which is sex-linked disease, caused by a deficiency of clotting factor VIII. We experienced a case of alveolorrhaphy using iliac bone graft under general anesthesia for the correction of bilateral cleft alveolus in 10-year-old boy with hemophilia A. Factor VIII activity in this patient was 0.7%, on the severely deficient level, and aPTT was 100 seconds. Just before operation, he received 1,750 units of factor VIII intravenously for loading dose. After we confirmed his factor VIII activity improved to 95% and aPTT to 38.4 seconds, operation was begun. No more transfusion was needed during the operation. In his postoperative care, he received 50 units/kg a 12 hours for 3 days and 30 units/kg a 12 days for 2 days. His factor VIII activity was maintained at 57-139% during his hospitalization. He was discharged without any anesthetic complication. So we report this successful case of anesthetic management for the oral surgery in a child with hemophilia A.

• Journal of Power Electronics
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.51-59
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• 2008

This paper addresses several issues concerning the analysis, design, modeling, simulation and development of single-phase, single-switch, power factor corrected AC-DC high frequency switching converter topologies with transformer isolation. A detailed analysis and design is presented for single-switch topologies, namely forward buck, flyback, Cuk, Sepic and Zeta buck-boost converters, with high frequency isolation for discontinuous conduction modes (DCM) of operation. With an awareness of modem design trends towards improved performance, these switching converters are designed for low power rating and low output voltage, typically 20.25W with 13.5V in DCM operation. Laboratory prototypes of the proposed single-switch converters in DCM operation are developed and test results are presented to validate the proposed design and developed model of the system.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers A
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• v.48 no.6
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• pp.692-698
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• 1999

This paper analyzes the effect of DGS(Dispersed Generation System) on the voltage regulation of the traditional distribution system of which the voltage is controlled by the bank LDC(Line Drop Compensator). Through the simulation results for 22.9kV class distribution system with DGSs, some general relationships among the operating power factor and introduction limit of DGS, and the sending-end reference voltage determined by internal setting coefficients of the LDC are derived. Those relationships are that the introduction limit of DGS increases as the power factor of DGS goes from lagging to leading and also as the allowance of the sending-end reference voltage increases. From the relationships, a operation method of the power distribution system integrated with DGSs is proposed from the view point of the operating power factor of DGS and new voltage regulation method.