• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제28권5D호
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• pp.723-734
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• 2008

본 연구는 부산시 지구단위계획의 유형을 바탕으로 유형별 사례대상지를 선정하여 지구단위계획의 운영상의 문제점과 개선방향에 대하여 고찰해보았다. 사례대상지의 선정은 유형별로 '기존시가지 정비형' 4개소, '기존시가지 관리형' 3개소를 각각 선정하였으며, 사례대상지를 선정함에 있어서 대상지의 규모와 입지적인 특성을 고려하였다. 사례지대상지 분석결과 제도적 측면에서는 용도지역의 무분별한 상향조절, 미미한 주민참여, 유형화에 대한 문제가 나타났으며, 계획적 측면에서는 기본방향과 목표의 유사성, 밀도계획의 일괄적인 적용, 용도계획에 부적절성, 건축물의 배치 및 형태, 색채계획 등에서의 문제점이 나타났다. 대상지 분석에서 나타난 문제점을 바탕으로 지구단위계획의 실효성 개선방안을 고찰해본 결과 제도적 측면에서는 용도지역 변경에 있어 변경 대상 및 범위에 대한 명확한 기준 설정이 시급하였으며, 계획적 측면에서는 지구단위계획의 유형 세분화에 따른 차별적인 세부 운영 지침(guideline)을 마련함으로서 지구단위계획의 기본방향과 목표가 각 유형의 목적달성을 위해 설정되도록 해야 하며, 건축물의 적정개발 밀도에 대한 명확하고 논리적인 기준 제시를 통해 건축물의 건폐율(the building-to-land ratio)이나 용적률(floor space index)을 적정하게 산정해야 함과 동시에 지구특성에 맞는 건축용도 분류를 통해 지구별로 특화된 기능을 유도하는 세부적인 건축물 용도계획이 이루어져야 하며, 건축물의 획일적인 형태를 지양하고 배치에 있어서도 가능한 개방감 있도록 계획해야 한다는 결과가 도출되었다.

• 한국주거학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국주거학회 1994년도 학술발표대회논문집 상
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• pp.45-50
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• 1994

The energy consumption in apartment houses is investigated according to the heating systems, that is, district, central, and individual heating systems. And, operating conditions of intermittent heating are surveryed and analysed in the central heating systems. As a result, each annual energy consumption of district, central and individual heating system is 143.56 Mcal/m2year, 216.78 Mcal/m2year and 150.68 Mcal/m2year, Also, the heating is generlly started at 04:00 and 17:00 of each day, and the heating system is operated for 2~3 hours per each time.

• 신재생에너지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.1-12
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• 2023

This study aims to evaluate the optimal size of the hydrogen facility to be installed in a zero-energy district in terms of load matching and facility efficiency. A mismatch between energy generation and consumption is a common occurrence in zero-energy districts. This mismatch adversely effects the energy grid. However, using an energy carrier such as hydrogen can solve this problem. To determine the optimal size of hydrogen fuel cells to be used on-site, simulation of hydrogen installation is required at both district-and building- levels. Each case had four operating schedules. Therefore, we evaluated eight scenarios in terms of load matching, heat loss, and facility operational efficiency. The results indicate that district-level installation of hydrogen facilities enables more efficient energy use. Additionally, based on the proposed model, we can calculate the optimal size of the hydrogen facility.

• 대한설비공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한설비공학회 2009년도 하계학술발표대회 논문집
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• pp.177-182
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• 2009

The purpose of this study is to investigate planning of urban energy supply systems configuration and operating conditions for the district heating and cooling system using combined heat and power system. Generally the district heating and cooling system has been known to one of the effective way for energy saving, cost reduction and demand side management of energy. Economical analyses were carried out and operating characteristics for some systems were examined in terms of GER factor which represents to the ratio of gas and electricity costs. Rates of the energy consumption and the $CO_2$ emission were compared from the system configuration of the energy supply system with new district cooling system with the conventional one.

• 한국태양에너지학회 논문집
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• 제28권5호
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• pp.21-27
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• 2008

In this study, the design of the solar heating system for district heating as well as it's operating characteristics and the performance analysis was carried out. This solar district heating system was composed of two different types of solar collector circuit, flat plate and vacuum tube solar collector, in a system. This system supply constant temperature of hot water without solar buffer tank. For this, the proportional(variable flow rate) control was used. The experimental facility for this study was used the Bundang district solar heating system which was installed in the end of 2006. The operating characteristics and behaviour of each collector circuits are investigated especially for the system design and control. The yearly solar thermal efficiency is 47.5% on the basis of aperture area and 39.8% on the basis of gross area of collector. As a result this solar heating system without solar buffer tank and with proportional controller was testified a very effective and simplified system for district heating. It varied especially depend on the weather condition like as solar radiation and ambient temperature.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• 제50권3호
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• pp.479-491
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• 2012

본 연구에서는 공급자와 소비자, 열 저장시설과 연계네트워크로 구성된 통합 지역난방시스템의 경제성을 평가하고 최적 운전조건을 규명하였다. 최적화에 있어서는 혼합 정수선형 계획법이 이용되었으며 1주일 동안의 열 요구량을 만족함과 동시에 통합 지역난방 시스템의 운전제한 조건에 따른 전체 운영비용을 목적함수로 하였다. 지역난방 네트워크 연결망을 열 병합 발전이 포함되지 않은 구역과 이를 포함하는 구역으로 나누어 최적화를 진행함으로써 열 병합 발전에 의한 비용절감 효과를 확인할 수 있었다. 아울러 계통한계가격 예측모델에 의해 예측된 계통한계가격과 실제 계통한계가격을 각각 적용하여 최적화를 진행하고 그 결과를 비교 분석하였다. 수치모사 결과 개발된 최적화 운영시스템의 도입에 의해 통합 지역난방시스템의 에너지 효율성이 증가함을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 한국유체기계학회 논문집
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.26-33
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• 2016

Combined heat and power (CHP) system is one of the power generation system which can generate both electricity and heat. Generally, mid-size and big-size CHP plant in Korea generate electricity from gas turbine and steam turbine, then supply heat from exhaust gas. Actually, CHP can supply heat using district heater which is located at low pressure turbine exit or inlet. When the district heater locates after low pressure turbine, which called back pressure type turbine, there need neither condenser nor mode change operating control logic. When the district heater locates in front of low pressure turbine or uses low pressure turbine extraction steam flow, which calls condensing type turbine, which kind of turbine requires condenser. In this case, mode change operation methods are used for generating maximum electricity or maximum heat according to demanding the seasonal electricity and heat.

• 설비공학논문집
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.297-302
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• 2011

According to the standards for district heating substation established by Korea District Heating Corporation, water heating supply systems at over 150 Mcal/h capacity must employ the 2-stage heat exchanger that improves the system efficiency by reusing the heat included in the return water of district heating system already used for space heating. In this paper, the operating characteristics of the system in accordance with the load distribution of two heat exchangers for pre-heating and re-heating cold city water are investigated. The results including mass flow rate, return temperature etc. help to manage district heating system economically.

• 지역연구
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.3-19
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• 2021

최근 높아진 개·폐점률로 인해 자영업자들의 생존율은 낮아지고 조기폐업은 증가하고 있으며, 이는 개인의 부채 증가, 고용불안정과 같은 사회적 문제뿐만 아니라 도시공간 공동화라는 도시문제까지 야기하고 있다. 이와 관련해, 상업공간 내 사업체의 변화양상과 높은 창·폐업률에 미치는 영향요인을 밝히는 연구가 진행되고 있으나 연구의 범위가 한정적이어서 서울시 전체지역 내 사업체의 변화에 대한 객관적인 진단이 부족한 상태이다. 이에 본 연구는 서울시 내 주요상권을 대상으로 폐업 및 생존한 사업체의 영업기간 변화를 활용해 각 상권의 특성을 논의한다. 분석 결과, 서울시의 상업공간 변화특성은 크게 두 가지로 구분할 수 있었다. 도심상권(중구 및 종로구)과 영등포 상권은 사업체들이 안정적으로 영업하는 양상을 보이며, 국지적으로 활발한 사업체 변화를 보였다. 또한, 강남상권과 마포상권은 전체적으로 생존한 사업체들과 폐업한 사업체들 모두 짧은 영업기간을 보였다. 이런 상권별 변화특성의 차이는 영업체의 생존과 폐업활동이 상업공간의 장소적 특성과 밀접하게 연관되어 있음을 의미하며, 공간별 사업체 변화에 따른 적절한 해결책 제시가 필요함을 시사한다.

• 보건교육건강증진학회지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.23-39
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• 1989

There have been a lot of considerable. discussion and debate surrounding the management model in the health insurance management system and opinions regarding the management operating cost. It is a well known fact that there have always been dissenting opinions and debates surrounding the issue. The management operating cost varies according to the scale of the management organization and component members characteristics of the insurance carrier. Therefore, it is necessary to examine and compare the management operating cost to the simulated management models developed to cover those eligible for the health insurance scheme in this country. Since the management operating cost can vary according to the different models of management, four alternative management models have been established based on the critical evaluation of existing theories concerned, as well as on the basis of the survey results and simulation attempts. The first alternative model is the Unique Insurance Carrier Model(Ⅰ) ; desigened to cover all of the people with no classification of insurance qualifications and finances from the source of contribution of the insured, nationwide. The second is the Management Model of Large-scale District Insurance Carrier(Ⅱ) ; this means the Korean society would be divided into 21 large districts; each having its own insurance carrier that would cover the people in that particular district with no classification of insurance qualifications arid finances as in Model I. The third is the Management Model of Insurance Carrier Divided by Area and Classified with Occupation if Largescale (Ⅲ) ; to serve the self-employed in the 21 districts divided as in Model Ⅱ. It would serve the employees and their dependents by separate insurance carriers in large-scale similar to the area of the district-scale for the self-employed, so that the insurance qualifications and finances would be classified with each of the insurance carriers: The last is the Management Model of the Multi - insurance Carrier (Ⅳ) based on the Si. Gun. Gu area which will cover their own self- employed people in the area with more than 150 additional insurance carriers covering the employees and their dependents. The manpower necessary to provide services to all of the people according to the four models is calculated through simulation trials. It indicates that the Management Model of Large-scale District Insurance Carrier requires the most manpower among the four alternative models. The unit management operating costs per the insured individuals and covered persons are leveled with several intervals based on the insurance recipients. in their characteristics. The interval levels derived from the regression analysis reveal that the larger the scale of the insurance carriers is in the number of those insured and covered. the more the unit management operating cost decreases. significantly. Moreover. the result of the quadratic functional formula also shows the U-shape significantly. The management operating costs derived from the simulated calculation. on the basis of the average salary and related cost per staff- member of the Health Insurance Societies for Occupational Labours and Korean Medical Insurance Corporation for the Official Servants and Private School Teachers in 1987 fiscal year. show that the Model of Multi-insurance Carrier warrants the highest management operating cost. Meanwhile the least expensive management operating cost is the Management Model of Unique Insurance Carrier. Insurance Carrier Divided by Area and Classified with Occupation in Large-scale. and Large-scale District Insurance Carrier. in order. Therefore. it is feasible to select the Unique Insurance Carrier Model among the four alternatives from the viewpoint of the management operating cost and in the sense of the flexibility in promoting the productivity of manpower in the human services field. However. the choice of the management model for health insurance systems and its application should be examined further utilizing the operation research analysis for such areas as the administrative efficiency and factors related to computer cost etc.