• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.96-104
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• 2006

Purpose: To evaluate and compare the results of children with displaced supracondylar fractures of humerus treated with open reduction and pinning with closed reduction and pinning. Materials and Methods: From March 2002, we treated 17 patients with completely displaced supracondylar fractures under the age of 7 with a minimal follow up period of 6 months. 9 patients were treated with closed reduction and pinning and 8 patients were treated with open reduction and pinning. The clinical results were evaluated with Flynn's criteria. Time to bone union was also analyzed for these two set of patients. Results: The group treated with open reduction had 6 excellent and 2 good results for change in carrying angles, 5 excellent, 2 good and 1 fair results for motion loss evaluated by Flynn's criteria. The average time to bony union for this group was 5.8 weeks. The group treated with closed reduction had 6 excellent, 2 good, and 1 fair results for change in carrying angles and 7 excellent, 1 good and 1 fair results for motion loss. The average time to bony uinon for this group was 3.7 weeks. Conclusion: In treating completely displaced supracondylar fractures of humerus in children, the closed reduction method and open reduction method all showed good results. But the operation time, duration of hospital stay and time to union was somewhat shorter for the patients treated with closed redution and pinning.

• Journal of agriculture & life science
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• v.45 no.6
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• pp.265-278
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• 2011

Effects of the open level of the side window were studied to control the temperature and relative humidity in the fog cooling greenhouse. The greenhouse was cooled by air atomizing spray nozzles of the air and water two-fluid process. The control process includes the measuring of environmental variables, setting and coding of the water balance equations and heat balance in greenhouse, calculating of the roof window open and spray water, and operating of the motor and pump. The target temperature and relative humidity were set at $28^{\circ}C$, 75%, respectively. The three modes of the side window open level were 0%, 50% and 100%. The average dry bulb temperatures of the inside air were 28.2, 27.2 and $26.3^{\circ}C$, respectively and their standard deviation was ranged from $0.4^{\circ}C$to $0.8^{\circ}C$. Also the relative humidity of the 0% mode was the best controlled one with the average of 76.3% and the standard deviation of 2.1%.

• Journal of the Korean School Mathematics Society
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.73-92
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• 2014

This study was performed in part with the task to find measures to improve the defining characteristics of feelings, value, interest, self-efficacy, and others aspects in regards to learning math among elementary and middle school students. For this study, it was essential to understand the appropriate questions that are needed to be asked during a consultation at a math clinic, for students that are having a hard time learning math. As a method for performing this study, the content of scheduled counseling over 2 years from a math clinic were collected and the questions that were given and taken were analyzed in order to figure out the types of questions needed in order to effectively examine students that are facing difficulty with learning math. The analysis was performed using Grounded theory analysis by Strauss & Corbin(1998) and went through the process of open coding, axial coding, and selective coding. For the paradigm in the categorical analysis stage, 'attitude towards learning math' was set as the casual condition, 'feelings towards learning math' was set as the contextual condition, 'confidence in one's ability to learn math' was set as the phenomenon, 'individual tendencies when learning math' was set as the intervening condition, 'self-management of learning math' was set as the action/interaction strategy, and 'method of learning' was set as the consequence. Through this, the questions that appeared during counseling were linked into categories and subcategories. Through this process, 81 concepts were deducted, which were grouped into 31 categories. I believe that this data can be used as grounded theory for standardization of consultation in clinics.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.149-157
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• 2003

Recently, the Internet enhanced by development of IT makes the processing and exchanging of information, As the Internet is sending and receiving digitized documents over the Internet e-mail system. The security of document information is being threated when exchanging digitized documents over an open network such as the Internet. The degree of threat is even higher when sensitive documents are involved Therefore, in this paper, the secure e-mail system on a client is designed and implemented in order to make secure exchanging of digitized documents. By using the public key infrastructure in which encrypted mail transmission, proof of delivery and integrity of the message are garanted, unauthorized manipulation, illegal acquisition and mutual authentication problem can be prevented in order to secure the document information which is crucial and sensible when exchanging the digitized document over the Internet. Futhenmore, by using the SET protocol based on public key cryptography, the secure mail system is designed and implemented in order for the users not having any professional knowledge to deal with the system easily and friendly in GUI environment.

• Journal of Institute of Control, Robotics and Systems
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• v.18 no.7
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• pp.650-657
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• 2012

An effective dual-mode camera system(a passive wide-angle camera and a pan-tilt-zoom camera) is proposed in order to improve the performance of visual surveillance. The fixed wide-angle camera is used to monitor large open areas, but the moving objects on the images are too small to view in detail. And, the PTZ camera is capable of increasing the monitoring area and enhancing the image quality by tracking and zooming in on a specific moving target. However, its FOV (Field of View) is limited when zooming in on a specific target. Therefore, the cooperation of wide-angle and PTZ cameras is complementary. In this paper, we propose an automatic initial set-up algorithm and coordinate transform method from the wide-angle camera coordinate to the PTZ one, which are necessary to achieve the cooperation. The automatic initial set-up algorithm is able to synchronize the views of two cameras. When a moving object appears on the image plane of a wide-angle camera after the initial set-up positioning, the obtained values of the wide-angle camera should be transformed to the PTZ values based on the coordinate transform method. We also develope the PTZ control method. Various in-door and out-door experiments show that the proposed dual-camera system is feasible for the effective visual surveillance.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 1997.10a
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• pp.1516-1519
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• 1997

With disseminationof Distributed Control Systems(DCS), the huge amounts of process operation data could have been available and led to figure out process behaviors better on the statistical basis. Until now, the statistical modeling technology has been susally applied to process monitoring and fault diagnosis. however, it has been also thought that these process information, extracted from statistical analysis, might serve a great opportunity for process operation improvements and process improvements. This paper proposed a general methodolgy for process operation improvements including data analysis, backing up the result of analysis based on the methodology, and the mapping physical physical phenomena to the Principal Components(PC) which is the most distinguished feature in the methodology form traditional statistical analyses. The application of the proposed methodology to the Balst Furnace(BF) process has been presented for details. The BF process is one of the complicated processes, due to the highly nonlinear and correlated behaviors, and so the analysis for the process based on the mathematical modeling has been very difficult. So the statisitical analysis has come forward as a alternative way for the useful analysis. Using the proposed methodology, we could interpret the complicated process, the BF, better than any other mathematical methods and find the direction for process operation improvement. The direction of process operationimprovement, in the BF case, is to increase the fludization and the permeability, while decreasing the effect of tapping operation. These guide directions, with those physical meanings, could save fuel cost and process operator's pressure for proper actions, the better set point changes, in addition to the assistance with the better knowledge of the process. Open to set point change, the BF has a variety of steady state modes. In usual almost chemical processes are under the same situation with the BF in the point of multimode steady states. The proposed methodology focused on the application to the multimode steady state process such as the BF, consequently can be applied to any chemical processes set point changing whether operator intervened or not.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.261-272
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was to develop, implement and evaluate a nutrition education program for middle aged men at a worksite. To be read easily, induce interest, and selected at need, seven 6-page leaflet aets were developed, which was the most preferable from chosen by the subjects. The contents of leaflet set were [Changing life style], [Good food habit],[Weight control and diet],[Cardiovascualr disease and diet], [Alimentary disease and diet],[Diaabetes and diet],and [Liver disease and diet]. Nutrition education was provided for 61 middle aged men(30 professors, 31 office workers) at a worksite from 40 mins to one hour. And the level of nutrition knowledge and nutrition attitude were tested to evaluate the effects of the nutrition education program with a developed leaflet set before and after nutrition education. After the nutrition deucation. the nutrition knowledge score had increased significantly at p<0.001, from average 9.3 point to 11.4 point. The level of nutrition knowledge was increased significantly at p<0.001, and the prevalence of misconceptions and the uncertainty of knowledge were decreased significantly at p<0.05. There was a significant difference between professors and office workers both before and after the program. Also, there was a significant increase in the attitude about nutrition score after the program and this means that the subjects were flexibly more open minded about nutrition than before(from 39.9 point, at p<0.001). The difference in the nutrition attitude score between professors and office workers was not significant both before and after the nutrition deucation. The developed leaflet set was evaluated very positively in understanding, interest, timing, and usage by the subjects.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.271-276
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• 2015

Crab apple cultivars, 'Maypole', 'Tuscan', and 'Manchurian', were evaluated as potential pollinizers of major apple cultivars, 'Fuji', 'Hongro', and 'Tsugaru', cultivated in high-density apple orchard systems. Numerous cultivar characteristics, including blooming time, pollen germination, fruit set, disease and pest resistance, and self-incompatibility, were examined. The blooming times of both 'Maypole' and 'Tuscan' ranged from April 19 to May 5, which was 2-4 days earlier than those of the major commercial apple cultivars. PCR analysis did not reveal the presence of any of the S-alleles (S1, S3, S7, or S9) identified in major commercial apple cultivars. In addition, the percentage of the fruit set was high after trees were artificially fertilized with crab apple pollen. Artificially cross-pollinated fruits were of similar or higher quality than open-pollinated fruits. They also demonstrated resistance to apple blotch, sooty blotch, and fly speck. The results indicate that the two crab apples, 'Maypole' and 'Tuscan' would be potential candidates for pollinizers of major apple cultivars in Korea. Use of the pollen of these crap apples in commercial production will improve fruit quality and promote sustainable and robust fruit production.

• Journal of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.787-811
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• 1999

Let M be the maximal ideal space of the Banach algebra $H^{\infty}$ of bounded analytic functions on the open unit disc $\triangle$. For a positive singular measure ${\mu}\;on\;{\partial\triangle},\;let\;{L_{+}}^1(\mu)$ be the set of measures v with $0\;{\leq}\;{\nu}\;{\ll}\;{\mu}\;and\;{{\psi}_{\nu}}$ the associated singular inner functions. Let $R(\mu)\;and\;R_0(\mu)$ be the union sets of $\{$\mid$\psiv$\mid$\;<\;1\}\;and\;\{$\mid${\psi}_{\nu}$\mid$\;<\;0\}\;in\;M\;{\setminus}\;{\triangle},\;{\nu}\;\in\;{L_{+}}^1(\mu)$, respectively. It is proved that if $S(\mu)\;=\;{\partial\triangle}$, where $S(\mu)$ is the closed support set of $\mu$, then $R(\mu)\;=\;R0(\mu)\;=\;M{\setminus}({\triangle}\;{\cup}\;M(L^{\infty}(\partial\triangle)))$ is generated by $H^{\infty}\;and\;\overline{\psi_{\nu}},\;{\nu}\;{\in}\;{L_1}^{+}(\mu)$. It is proved that %d{\theta}(S(\mu))\;=\;0$ if and only if there exists as Blaschke product b with zeros $\{Zn\}_n$ such that $R(\mu)\;{\subset}\;{$\mid$b$\mid$\;<\;1}\;and\;S(\mu)$ coincides with the set of cluster points of $\{Zn\}_n$. While, we proved that $\mu$ is a sum of finitely many point measure such that $R(\mu)\;{\subset}\;\{$\mid${\psi}_{\lambda}$\mid$\;<\;1}\;and\;S(\lambda)\;=\;S(\mu)$. Also it is studied conditions on \mu for which $R(\mu)\;=\;R0(\mu)$.

• The KSFM Journal of Fluid Machinery
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.5-11
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• 2014

The purpose of this paper is to investigate an analytical approach for opening performance evaluation of the nuclear pressure safety valve based on standard codes such as ASME or KEPIC. It is well-known that safety valve is considered as one of pressure relief valves for protecting a boiler or pressure vessel from exceeding the maximum allowable working pressure. When pressure in a container reaches its set pressure, the safety valve commences discharging the internal fluid by a sudden opening called as popping. Safety valve is usually evaluated by set pressure, full open, blow-down, leakage and flow capacity. The test procedure and technical requirement for performance evaluation is described in international code of ASME code such as BPVC. The opening characteristics of steam safety valve can be analyzed by computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and steam shaft dynamics. First, the flow analysis along opening process is simulated by running the CFD models of the ten types of opening steps from 0 to 100%. As a analysis result, the various CFD outputs of flow pattern, pressure, forces on the disc and mass flow at each simulation step is demonstrated. The lift force is calculated by using the forces applied on disc from static pressure and secondary flow. And, the effect of huddle chamber or control chamber is studied by dynamic analysis based on CFD simulation results such as lift force. As a result, dynamics analysis shows opening features according to the sizes of control chamber.