• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.111-121
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• 2000

This study was to investigate the nutrition and cancer prevention knowledge, beliefs, attitudes, and self-reported dietary changes. Data were collected from 903 parents whose children were attending an elementary school, a middle school, a high school, or a junior college in Kimcheon. Thirty-seven percent of the subjects reported that they had made dietary changes for their health. Respondents reported eating more vegetables(33.1%), fruit(24.1%), whole grains(19.9%), and lower-fat meats(14.5%) and less alcohol(17.2%), high-fat meat(16.4%), fats(13.8%), smoked foods(13.8%), snacks/cake/sweets(11.7%), salty foods(9.6%), and refined grain products(6.1%). Those who did not make any dietary changes most often said the reason was that they thought their diets were already healthful and therefore there was no reason to make a change. Eighty-nine percent of the subjects agreed that diet and disease were related and 89.5% knew that diet and cancer were related, yet 8% believed there was nothing a person could do to reduce the risk of getting cancer. In response to open-ended questions about foods that either increase or decrease cancer risk, vegetables, fruit, traditional fermented foods, etceteras, and whole grains were thought to decrease risk, and burned foods, salty foods, additives, high-fat meats/fats, and alcohol were thought to increase cancer risk. In this study, education levels to be the major demographic variable and residential district had an impact on cancer prevention knowledge and attitudes. People at lower educational levels and rural residents should be targeted for education about cancer risk reduction.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.261-277
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• 2020

The main objective of this research paper is to consider vibration analysis of vacancy defected graphene sheet as a nonisotropic structure via molecular dynamic and continuum approaches. The influence of structural defects on the vibration of graphene sheets is considered by applying the mechanical properties of defected graphene sheets. Molecular dynamic simulations have been performed to estimate the mechanical properties of graphene as a nonisotropic structure with single- and double- vacancy defects using open source well-known software i.e., large-scale atomic/molecular massively parallel simulator (LAMMPS). The interactions between the carbon atoms are modelled using Adaptive Intermolecular Reactive Empirical Bond Order (AIREBO) potential. An isogeometric analysis (IGA) based upon non-uniform rational B-spline (NURBS) is employed for approximation of single-layered graphene sheets deflection field and the governing equations are derived using nonlocal elasticity theory. The dependence of small-scale effects, chirality and different defect types on vibrational characteristic of graphene sheets is investigated in this comprehensive research work. In addition, numerical results are validated and compared with those achieved using other analysis, where an excellent agreement is found. The interesting results indicate that increasing the number of missing atoms can lead to decrease the natural frequencies of graphene sheets. It is seen that the degree of the detrimental effects differ with defect type. The Young's and shear modulus of the graphene with SV defects are much smaller than graphene with DV defects. It is also observed that Single Vacancy (SV) clusters cause more reduction in the natural frequencies of SLGS than Double Vacancy (DV) clusters. The effectiveness and the accuracy of the present IGA approach have been demonstrated and it is shown that the IGA is efficient, robust and accurate in terms of nanoplate problems.

• Cross-Cultural Studies
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• v.31
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• pp.287-308
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• 2013

Russian language tends to be quite open to borrowing. In Russian it has been for a long time the conventional way of expanding the lexicon, accepting many words from adjacent languages, including Church Slavic. In the contemporary Russian English has been the main source for loanwords. There are several linguistic factors for lexical borrowing: 1. the necessity of denominating new facts, phenomena or concepts, 2. the necessity of differentiating concepts, 3. the necessity of specializing new concepts, 4. the introduction of new international terms, 5. the increase of periphrastic expressions, 6. the needs for the more elegant and modern words. These factors have caused borrowing to enlarge the component of the lexicon and phrasal expressions, but excessive use of foreign words has brought about negative effects such as linguistic pollution. Some borrowed words are assimilated without serious conflicts, but other words undergo semantic changes in confrontation to existing words of similar meanings. These types of semantic changes comprise total change of meaning, reduction of semantic scale and extension of meaning. Semantic changes are caused by linguistic factors such as lexical conflict with existing words or by socio-culural factors such as misunderstanding of foreign words. And extension of meaning shows two types: qualitative extension and quantitative extension. The first means extending the semantic scope of a borrowed word and the latter - increasing the number of its sememe. In contemporary Russian language we can witness two productive phenomena: qualitative extension by socio-cultural factors, in which words with negative nuances are changed into those with positive ones and professional terms become common words, losing their professional meanings. On the other hand, by quantative extension some loanwords change their concrete meanings into abstract ones. In such cases loanwords acquire the additional meanings of abstractness, putting aside their original concrete meanings as the basic. On the contrary, the qualitative extension of adding the special meaning to general words or giving the concrete meaning to abstract words is not productive. And it is rarely witnessed that words of positive nuances are negatively used. It is considered that such cases are partly restricted in the spoken language or the jargon. Such phenomena may happen by the incomplete understanding of English words.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.394-403
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• 2019

Objectives: This study was conducted to examine the effect of the utilization of the educational planning model (ADDIE) and self-leadership of occupational health managers (OHM) on work performance. Methods: The sample of this study was 180 OHM with over six months of experience, who attended continuing education by the Korean Academic Society of Occupational Health Nursing. Data were collected from April to June 2019 and analyzed using frequency analysis, t-test, F-test, Pearson's correlation analysis, and multiple regression analysis through SPSS Program Ver. 23. Results: According to the results of multiple regression analysis of the factors influencing the work performance of OHM, the model was significant and the explanatory power was 40%. Self-leadership (${\beta}=.45$, p=.001), utilization of the educational planning model (${\beta}=.20$, p<.005), and position (${\beta}=.16$, p=.024) were significant influence factors on work performance. Conclusions: To improve the work performance of OHM, a customized program needs to be developed that promotes the utilization ability of the educational planning model and a strategy of benchmarking high performers in the light of their positions. The improvement of the work performance of OHM will eventually make a contribution to the reduction of industrial disaster and occupational diseases.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2017.05a
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• pp.515-515
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• 2017

하천에서 취수원을 개발하는데 있어 지층의 구성으로 물리, 화학적 여과, 흡착 등을 통해 자연 정화되는 간접 취수 방식이 활발히 도입되고 있다. 양질의 취수원을 공급할 수 있는 간접 취수 방식은 수량 확보 측면에서의 불확실성과 유지관리상의 어려움 때문에 많은 시행착오가 발생된다. 이와 같은 단점을 개선하기 위해 하상을 개착하여 불균질한 대수층을 치환하고 스크린을 통해 간접 취수원을 개발하는 하상여과 방식이 도입되고 있다. 대수층을 치환하여 여재를 구성함에 있어 오염물질 및 탁도의 저감 효율을 극대화하기 위해 다양한 연구가 진행되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 개착식 하상여과에서 치환하는 여재의 구성에 따른 탁도의 저감 효율을 분석하기 위해 축소 모형실험으로 구성하였다. 각각의 여재의 구성에 대해서는 상수도 시설기준을 통해 축소된 입경의 매질로 구성하였다. 실험실 규모의 모형 수조($1500mm{\times}500mm{\times}1700mm$)를 구성하고 하부에는 내경 80mm이고 길이 1300mm인 기능성 스크린이 부착된 취수관을 설치하였다. 모형 수조에서 여재의 두께는 총 1000mm로 구성하였고, 각각의 층에 대해서는 250mm로 하여 4개의 층을 구성할 수 있도록 하였다. 치환하는 여재의 매질에는 자갈, 왕사, 중사, 화산석을 사용하였고, 각각의 입경은 5-10mm, 2-5mm, 1-2mm, 2-5mm이고, 탁도를 유발하는 물질로는 입경이 $20{\mu}m$인 황토를 사용하였다. 단일매질 구성을 통해 각각의 여재 종류에 따른 탁도 저감 효과에 대해서 분석하였고, 세 가지의 혼합매질 구성을 통해 치환층 여재의 배치에 따른 탁도 저감 효과를 분석하였고, 각각의 구성은 중사-왕사-자갈-화산석, 화산석-중사-왕사-자갈, 중사-왕사-화산석-자갈로 하였다. 주입수는 30-50NTU를 유지하였으며 유출수의 탁도를 통해 저감 효율을 분석하였다. 분석된 결과를 통해 개착식 하상여과 방식의 여재 구성에 대해서 탁도 저감에 효율을 극대화할 수 있을 것으로 보여진다.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.44 no.6
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• pp.275-281
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• 2018

Objectives: Isolated mandibular fractures contribute to approximately 45% of maxillofacial traumas. Improper management of mandibular fractures can cause myriad potential complications and can lead to serious functional and aesthetic sequelae. The objective of the study is to design a stepwise approach for managing isolated mandibular fractures using open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) with regional anesthesia on outpatient basis. Materials and Methods: Patients with isolated mandibular fractures presenting to the department of maxillofacial surgery were selected for ORIF under regional anesthesia based on occlusion, age, socioeconomic status, general condition, habits, and allied medical ailments. Standard preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative protocols were followed. All patients were followed up for a minimum of 4 weeks up to a maximum of 1 year. Results: Of 23 patients who received regional anesthesia, all but one had good postoperative functional occlusion. One patient was hypersensitive and had difficulty tolerating the procedure. Two patients developed an extraoral draining sinus, one of whom was managed with local curettage, while the other required hardware removal. One patient, who was a chronic alcoholic, returned 1 week after treatment with deranged fracture segments after he fell while intoxicated. Conclusion: With proper case selection following a stepwise protocol, the majority of mandibular fractures requiring ORIF can be managed with regional anesthesia and yield minimal to no complications.

• Journal of Engineering Education Research
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.56-65
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• 2018

With rapid advance of technologies including information and communication technologies, jobs are evolving faster than ever. Architectural engineering is no exception in this regard, and the green architectural engineering is emerging fast as a promising new field. In this study, a Delphi study of expert architectural engineers are conducted to find out (1) near future prospects of the field, (2) near future emerging jobs, (3) competencies needed for these jobs, and (4) educational content necessary to build these competencies with regards to the green architectural engineering. Initial Delphi survey consisting of open-ended questions in the above four areas were conducted and came out with 65 items after duplicate removal and semantic refinements. Further refinements via second and third wave of Delphi results into 40 items that the 13 architectural engineering experts may largely agree upon as future prospects with regards to the green architectural engineering. Findings indicate that it is expected that the demand for green architectural engineering and needs for automatic energy control system increase. Also, collaborations with other fields is becoming more and more important in green architectural engineering. The professional work management skills such as knowledge convergence, problem solving, collaboration skills, and creativity linking components from various related areas seem to also be on the increasing need. Near future ready critical skills are found to be the building environment control techniques (thermal, light, sound, and air), the data processing techniques like data mining, energy monitoring, and the control and utilization of environmental analysis software. Experts also agree on new curriculum for green building architecture to be developed with more of converging subjects across disciplines for future ready professional skills and experiences. Major topics to be covered in the near future includes building environment studies, building energy management, energy reduction systems, indoor air quality, global environment and natural phenomena, and machinery and electrical facility. Architectural engineering community should be concerned with building up the competencies identified in this Delphi preparing for fast advancing future.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Process Engineers
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.103-110
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• 2021

The mounting performance of the GFRP(Glass fiber Reinforced Plastic) beam and the mechanical mounting of the steel bracket was studied to be mounted as a GFRP impact beam on the side door of the passenger car. Moreover, an open-hole tensile test was performed to evaluate breakage tendency based on GFRP stacking conditions. Furthermore, the tightening strength of rivets and bolts was compared using the single lap-shear tension test for the GFRP stacking pattern. Additionally, the GFRP beam and bracket mounting features were designed; moreover, the prototype and bracket were assembled. Additionally, the bracket mounting bending test and the door assembly static bending test were performed to verify the stability of the bracket mounting. In the bracket fastening bending test, no breakage occurred in the connection part between the GFRP beam and the bracket, and it showed 67% (24.4 kN) improved performance compared to steel. In the static bending test of the door assembly, the initial average reaction force increased by 25% compared to the steel, and the performance of all FMVSS-214 regulations was satisfied. The replacement of GFRP impact beams resulted in a 30% weight reduction

• Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea Planning & Design
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.27-37
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• 2019

This study focused on the possibility of reducing the cooling load through the change of micro climate in the outdoor space during summer season. This study proposes an efficient planning model by comparing the effects of urban heat island mitigation through wind path planning, outdoor space vegetation, and exterior material change by using the basic model of the street-oriented block housing proposed in the previous research by the same author. As a result, the most effective wind path planning strategy in the street-oriented block housing was the change of the air flow through the mass height adjustment. When the tall building masses were staggered and arranged in a balanced manner, the overall wind environment could be improved. The greater the height difference between low and high masses, the better the air flow was shown. It was also important to arrange the building masses so that the inlet of the main wind was open and to allow the external space to connect to the adjacent block to create a continuous flow. The change of outdoor space vegetation and flooring, and the formation of wind paths through the opening of lower part also showed the effect of heat island reduction. In addition, the change of PMV in summer was the biggest influence of shadow by tall building mass. Attention should be paid to the fact that high-albedo exterior materials are adversely affected by multiple reflections in dense street-oriented block housing. The use of albedo of the exterior material showed that it is necessary to pay attention to apply in the high density block housing. This is attributed to the rise of the temperature due to the absorption of energy into the low-albedo flooring, where the high-albedo exterior causes multiple reflections.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.72-79
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• 2021

Background: A midshaft clavicle fracture is a common fracture that typically responds well to open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF). However, refracture can occur after implant removal (IR). This study aimed to analyze the rate of refracture and related factors after removal of the locking compression plate (LCP) for displaced midshaft clavicle fractures. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 201 patients who had undergone ORIF with LCP for midshaft clavicle fractures after IR after bony union from January 2011 to May 2018 at our institute. We evaluated basic demographic characteristics and radiographic parameters. All patients were treated with an LCP for primary fracture. The patients were divided into two groups: a refracture group that experienced a second fracture within 1 year after IR and a no-fracture group. Results: There were four cases (1.99%) of refracture; three were treated conservatively, while one was treated surgically. All patients achieved bony union. The average interval between refracture and IR was 64 days (range, 6-210 days). There was a significant difference in classification of fractures (AO Foundation/Orthopaedic Trauma Association [AO/OTA] classification) between the two groups. However, other patient demographics and radiographic measurements between refracture and IR, such as bone diameter, showed no significant difference between the two groups. Conclusions: This study showed that one in 50 patients suffered from refracture after removal of the LCP. Thus, if patients desire IR, the surgeon should explain that there is a relatively higher possibility of refracture for cases with simple or segmental fractures than for other types of fracture.