• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.329-342
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• 1998

As we have said major contents in the background of inducing Mutual Credits, Agricultural Cooperatives' Mutual Credits are absolutely necessary to the development of rural community. In real aspects, since it has been introduced, Mutual Credits have contributed greatly to the rural prosperity, as we have studied in the actual state of Mutual Credits. But with the advent of WTO system, both the international situation of open-trade policy and the domestic one of free banking and deregulation were rapidly going on at the same time, there by Mutual Credits' business has been threated by them. So Mutual Credits had to seek some programs for development in order to solve the hard situation. Several points on development programs of Mutual Credits are as follows: (1) Realization of scale of economy by the way of M&A among small primary cooperatives (2) Development of new financial products for raising funds safely (3) Management-rationalization by automatic systems like cash dispenser and telebanking (4) Variation of business area (5) Enforcing economy-business part besides Mutual Credits' one among cooperative businesses (6) Government's successive support.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.7 no.11
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• pp.241-250
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• 2020

This study examines the relationship between the attributes of board structure and the likelihood of financial distress for the non-financial sector of an emerging market characterized by concentrated ownership and family-controlled business. The present study utilized panel logistic regression to estimate the relationship between board structure attributes and the likelihood of financial distress. We used Altman Z-Score as a proxy for firm financial distress, as this tool measures the financial distress inversely. The study finds a significant relationship between board size and the likelihood of financial distress. The results show that a one-unit increase in board size would decrease the probability of financial distress by 3.4%. Further, we observe that a greater level of board independence is associated with a lower likelihood of financial distress. A one-unit increase in board independence would decrease the probability of financial distress by 20.4%. We also find a significant positive impact of leverage on the likelihood of financial distress. The present study contributes to the body of literature on board structure attributes and likelihood of financial distress in emerging markets, like Pakistan. Furthermore, the findings would be beneficial for corporate policymakers and investors in formulating corporate financial strategy and predicting business failure.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.7 no.11
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• pp.327-333
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• 2020

Corporate social responsibility is an inevitable trend in the global context. It is the responsibility of the organizations to the community and society to ensure the fairness of the interests of stakeholders. This is an issue that deserves attention, not in the national or regional level, but as a global issue. The purpose of article is to examine the effect of corporate governance on corporate social responsibility disclosure of 155 samples of 31 Vietnamese commercial banks from 2015 to 2019. The data of this study is employing time-series data and used the ordinary least squares to test the model. The results show that there are three factors that positively affect corporate social responsibility disclosure, namely, board size, foreign members of board, and audit committee. Thereby, the article proposes that board of director in Vietnamese commercial banks needs to raise awareness about corporate social responsibility, and the Central bank of Vietnam should monitor the disclosure of information regularly with severe sanctions on commercial banks that do not comply with the regulations of corporate social responsibility disclosure. This contributes to improving the information quality of the banking sector to meet the trend of international economic integration.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.1455-1459
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• 2016

Recently, the frequency of dealing important information regarding financial services like paying through smart device or internet banking on smart device has been increasing. Also, with the development of smart device execution environment towards open software environment, it became easier for users to download and use random application software, and its security aspect appears to be weakening. This study will inspect features of hardware-based smart device security technology. Furthermore, this study will propose a realization method in MTM hardware-based secure smart device execution environment for application software runs that in smart device.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.8 no.10
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• pp.305-315
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• 2021

This study aims to investigate the relationship between the difference in gender of top executives and corporate investment. In addition, this study also extends to how the sensitivity of investment to cash flow varies with the gender of leaders. Finally, the effect of the gender of leaders on firm investment is also tested across firm types (state firms vs. private firms and high-growth firms vs. low-growth firms). Based on the dataset of Vietnamese listed firms over 2007-2017, the fixed-effect model is used to test the hypotheses. The results show that women as chairs of the board tend to lower corporate investment, whereas the gender of CEOs (Chief Executive Officers) does not influence the investment level. Moreover, top female executives are associated with a decrease in the sensitivity of investment to cash flow. These regression results also show that top female executives only have an impact on the rate of investment in private and low-growth firms. The findings of this study are useful for the board of directors in selecting a chairperson in line with the firm's strategies. Furthermore, the findings of this study are also meaningful for policymakers who should monitor the separate role of the CEO and chair of the board in a company.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.643-651
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• 2021

This study aims to determine the response of regional economic growth to the financial performance of regional economies in regard to the liquidity conditions, saving-investment gaps, trade openness, inflation, as well as the national economic growth. The basic logic theory of research uses the principles of open economics and financial intermediary systems. The data used in this study are secondary data, and the form of data is a quarterly time series for the period from 2008 to 2019. The data were obtained from various publications, such as the Central Statistics Agency (CSA), Regional Financial Economics Statistics (RFES), Indonesian Banking Statistics (IBS), and the Financial Services Authority (FSA). Data processing was done through VAR/VECM analysis; short-term and long-term equilibrium analyses were carried out. The results of the analysis illustrate that regional economic growth and the conditions of liquidity, saving-investment gaps, trade openness, inflation, and national economic growth are related and lead to significant impact variations in the provinces of Papua and West Papua. In conclusion, the findings of this research support the leading supply hypothesis and reformulate the strategy and policy of economic development, bearing in mind that there are still many underdeveloped districts in these two provinces.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.1021-1032
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• 2021

This research identifies the main factors of the psychological climate that directly affect the performance of banking employees in Vietnam. Besides, this research also takes into consideration the differences in gender, age, educational level, and income on working performance. A survey was obtained from 207 employees working at joint-stock commercial banks and the analysis was handled with SPSS 20 software supports. The result shows that the measurement scales meet the requirements of validity and reliability. Regression analysis demonstrates that there are four factors directly affecting the working performance: friendliness, personal development and learning opportunities, straight and open communication, and the support from the senior management. These four factors have created a healthy psychological climate in the banks, where employees will feel comfortable and happy to improve work performance. Furthermore, this research has found that the higher the income, the more efficiently employees will work. The results of this research contribute to the measurement scale of working environment factors. At the same time, this research also proposes some recommendations for organizational managers to build a reasonable working environment that can inspire a sense of mental comfort for employees to work at their full capacity and to achieve the highest performance.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.29-38
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• 2022

The growth of digitalization processes around the world, covering almost all areas of human life, including the Fintech sector. In the field of financial technology, radical changes are taking place with increasing levels of automation, openness and consumer focus. In addition, in the context of the spread of coronavirus infection, quarantine and forced isolation, the role of digital technology is coming to the fore worldwide, including in Ukraine. The purpose of the article is to assess the development of Fintech ecosystem of European countries and outline the strategic parameters of domestic Fintech development. The study concluded that the investment raised for the Fintech industry increases annually and the quality and size of transactions gradually increases. Today, Fintech maintains its position as one of the most attractive markets for venture capitalists and the image of an industry with high potential, especially in the era of open banking. The most attractive markets for investors are mature markets, such as the United States, Germany and the United Kingdom, and the preferred niches for investment - the vertical of payments and lending. Trends in investment activity in terms of investing in financial technologies are studied. Moreover, investors prefer businesses that already have a significant scale or considerable potential to achieve it and become sustainable businesses.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.17 no.7
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• pp.1916-1934
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• 2023

The phishing attack is a malicious emerging threat on the internet where the hackers try to access the user credentials such as login information or Internet banking details through pirated websites. Using that information, they get into the original website and try to modify or steal the information. The problem with traditional defense systems like firewalls is that they can only stop certain types of attacks because they rely on a fixed set of principles to do so. As a result, the model needs a client-side defense mechanism that can learn potential attack vectors to detect and prevent not only the known but also unknown types of assault. Feature selection plays a key role in machine learning by selecting only the required features by eliminating the irrelevant ones from the real-time dataset. The proposed model uses Hyperparameter Optimized Artificial Neural Networks (H-ANN) combined with a Hybrid Firefly and Grey Wolf Optimization algorithm (H-FFGWO) to detect and block phishing websites in Internet of Things(IoT) Applications. In this paper, the H-FFGWO is used for the feature selection from phishing datasets ISCX-URL, Open Phish, UCI machine-learning repository, Mendeley website dataset and Phish tank. The results showed that the proposed model had an accuracy of 98.07%, a recall of 98.04%, a precision of 98.43%, and an F1-Score of 98.24%.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.75-80
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• 2017

Hand phones are standard paraphernalia among university students. Factors that motivate them to own the gadget would be of interest to both the students as well as marketers. Hand phone usage is an unexamined field in academic literature, this exploratory study attempts to investigate student purchasing motives in cellular phone markets. It also intends to know the student's satisfaction with the different services and its future impact on socio economic changes. In this study, undergraduates (n=336) were requested to specify their purchase criteria of hand phone. The instrument used in the study to collect feedback from the respondents contains a combination of open-ended and scaled questions, and some background demographics. The study employed content analysis, Pearson's correlation, and t-tests as the primary tools to analyze the responses. Results show that brand was rated as the most important factor in student purchase decisions. Other factors, arranged in decreasing order of importance comprise price, product quality, features, durability, availability, promotion, and post purchase service. Brand and price correlated significantly. It is also observed that there is very little difference regarding preference between brand and price in purchasing a hand phone. Marketers may formulate suitable strategies out of the findings to promote hand phones to university undergraduates in Malaysia by emphasizing at brands and price.