• Molecules and Cells
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• v.41 no.8
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• pp.742-752
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• 2018

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive degeneration of dopaminergic (DAergic) neurons, particularly in the substantia nigra (SN). Although circadian dysfunction has been suggested as one of the pathophysiological risk factors for PD, the exact molecular link between the circadian clock and PD remains largely unclear. We have recently demonstrated that $REV-ERB{\alpha}$, a circadian nuclear receptor, serves as a key molecular link between the circadian and DAergic systems. It competitively cooperates with NURR1, another nuclear receptor required for the optimal development and function of DA neurons, to control DAergic gene transcription. Considering our previous findings, we hypothesize that $REV-ERB{\alpha}$ may have a role in the onset and/or progression of PD. In the present study, we therefore aimed to elucidate whether genetic abrogation of $REV-ERB{\alpha}$ affects PD-related phenotypes in a mouse model of PD produced by a unilateral injection of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) into the dorsal striatum. $REV-ERB{\alpha}$ deficiency significantly exacerbated 6-OHDA-induced motor deficits as well as DAergic neuronal loss in the vertebral midbrain including the SN and the ventral tegmental area. The exacerbated DAergic degeneration likely involves neuroinflammation-mediated neurotoxicity. The $REV-erb{\alpha}$ knockout mice showed prolonged microglial activation in the SN along with the over-production of interleukin $1{\beta}$, a pro-inflammatory cytokine, in response to 6-OHDA. In conclusion, the present study demonstrates for the first time that genetic abrogation of $REV-ERB{\alpha}$ can increase vulnerability of DAergic neurons to neurotoxic insults, such as 6-OHDA, thereby implying that its normal function may be beneficial for maintaining DAergic neuron populations during PD progression.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.15-23
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• 2002

In order to find the effects of physical therapy on the recovery of motor functions and mental state, a survey was conducted to 63 patients who, diagnosed as stroke by brain CT, had been hospitalized in a university medical center located in Jeonbuk provincial area from December 2000 to August 2001. The outcomes of the survey are as follows: 1. The subjects of the study were composed of 35 males(55.6%) and 28 females(44.4%), with 34(54.0%) below 60 in age and 29(46.0%) older than 60 years. 2. As to type of lesion, the surveyed patients were divided into 28(44.4%) with cerebral infarction, 24(38.1%) with cerebral hemorrhage, and 11(17.5%) with subarachnoid hemorrhage. In terms of size of lesion, they were divided into 29(46.0% with less than tan 1cm, 15 (23.8%) with $1{\sim}2cm$ and 19(30.2%) with longer than 2cm. Thirty-five patients(55.7%) reported paralysis in their right side, while 28(44.8%) complained paralysis in their left side. No recidivation was reported by 51(81.1%) while recidivation was asserted by 12(19%). Among them, 27(42.9%) had no past history but 36(57.1%) had such. 3. Regarding the time hour onset to admission to physical therapy, 46patients(73.0%) experienced it for less than one month, while 17(27.0%) for longer than one month. In terms of period of physical therapy, 30(47.6%) underwent the therapy for less than one month, 18(28.6%) for 1-2 months and 15(23.8%) for longer than 2 months. As is shown in the above study, the longer the period of physical therapy is, the more changes might occur in points of MMSE-K and MMAS. It may, therefore, be concluded that sufficiently longer period of physical therapy ensures the increased recovery of physical functions from stroke.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.44 no.5
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• pp.332-337
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• 2011

Background: The optimal timing of surgery for infective endocarditis complicated by embolic stroke is unclear. We compared early versus delayed surgery in these patients. Materials and Methods: Between 1992 and 2007, 56 consecutive patients underwent open cardiac surgery for the treatment of infective endocarditis complicated by acute septic embolic stroke, 34 within 2 weeks (early group) and 22 more than 2 weeks (delayed group) after the onset of stroke. Results: The mean age at time of surgery was $45.7{\pm}14.8$ years. Stroke was ischemic in 42 patients and hemorrhagic in 14. Patients in the early group were more likely to have highly mobile, large (>1 cm in diameter) vegetation and less likely to have hemorrhagic infarction than those in the delayed group. There were two (3.7%) intraoperative deaths, both in the early group and attributed to neurologic aggravation. Among the 54 survivors, 4 (7.1%), that is, 2 in each group, showed neurologic aggravation. During a median follow-up of 61.7 months (range, 0.4~170.4 months), there were 5 late deaths. Overall 5-year neurologic aggravation-free survival rates were $79.1{\pm}7.0%$ in the early group and $90.9{\pm}6.1%$ in the delayed group (p=0.113). Conclusion: Outcomes of early operation for infective endocarditis in stroke patients were similar to those of the conventional approach. Early surgical intervention may be preferable for patients at high risk of life-threatening septic embolism.

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.102-109
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• 1992

There was significant reduction in the mitotic indices of oat roots treated with alachlor. Uniform decrease in prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase as treatment time increasing was observed. Alachlor did not disrupt mitosis, but rather inhibited the onset of mitosis. Labeled dividing cells were significantly inhibited, but the number of labeled interphase cells of all treatment were increased, as compared with control in 8 hr and 12hr period. Labeled dividing cells which entered mitosis thru $G_2$ were inhibited approximately 68% at 8hr after treatment with $1{\times}10^{-5}$ M of alachlor. Alachlor apparently inhibited from the $G_2$stage into mitosis of dividing cells. After 24 hr treatment, 12.1% abd 46.6% inhibition of coleoptile growth occurred at $1{\times}10^{-5}$ M and $1{\times}10^{-4}$ M, respectively. Cell elongation was inhibited by alachlor but was less sensitive than cell division. The longitudinal section cells of oat roots treated with $1{\times}10^{-4}$ M alachlor for 12 hr were observed to be enlarged central cylinder and also showed degradation of apical meristem zone, as compared with the untreated roots.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.166-173
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• 2002

Purpose: Recurrent abdominal pain (RAP) is common, affecting between 7% and 25% of school-aged children and young adult. This study was designed to assess the relationship between RAP and depressive trends in school-aged children. Methods: In 1999, We surveyed 1,181 elementary school children (566 boys and 615 girls) whose ages ranged from 9 to 12 years. The degree of depression was compared between the group with RAP and normal control group without RAP according to Korean Children's Depression Inventory (CDI) of Kovacs and Beck. Results: The number of the group with RAP was significantly higher in female (25.7%) than in male (18.9%). The most common site of abdominal pain was periumbilical. The mean depression score in the group with RAP was higher than that of the control group. The depression score was significantly higher in the group with RAP who has frequently pain and additional symptoms. The depression score was significantly higher in the group with RAP who prefered to play alone, did not enjoy going to school and had few friends than in the group with RAP who had a lot of friends, had active and meticulous characters. The depression scores were not significantly different according to the duration of abdominal pain, the onset time of pain, and the day of pain in the group with RAP. Conclusion: The depression score of the group with RAP was higher than that of normal group. So, there is relatively a specific association between childhood RAP and depression in school aged children. It is good for physicians to consider psychological support in the treatment of childhood RAP.

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.43-46
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• 2008

Hypophayngeal cancers are usually diagnosed in advanced stages and in many cases, they need total pharyngocervical esophagectomy and surgical reconstruction. Among many surgical reconstructive methods, jejunal free flap has anatomical and functional advantages such as tubed nature, peristaltic activity, excellent blood supply. In this study we analysed the surgical procedure and complications of jejunal free flap after total pharyngo-cervical esophagectomy. 20 cases performed jejunal free flap from 1995 to 2007 at Severance Hospital were reviewed. According to time of onset, early and late complications were reviewed. Surgical procedure was reviewed with operation record. Oral diet tolerance was reviewed on the basis of pharyngogram and subjective symptoms. The most common complication was stricture, and it occurred in 40% of cases and 63% of them were managed with conservative care. As early complication, fistula formation was all managed with conservative care. Oral feeding tolerance after jejunal free flap was 65% and 7 patients were tolerable to general diet. In our study, stricture was the most common complication and its management is important in post op oral diet tolerance.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.298-305
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• 2000

Laver noodles were prepared with composite flour containing various ratios of laver powder sifted through 100-mesh sieve and their cooking characteristics were evaluated. Farinograph test results with the composite flour showed that water absorption rate increased linearly as the content of laver powder increased from 2% to 8%, while dough stability decreased linearly with the laver content. Dough development time increased 2.65-3.75 times by adding laver powder. DSC endotherms indicated that onset temperature $(T_o)$, peak temperature $(T_p)$, and conclusion tempearture $(T_c)$ of composite flour starch gelatinization shifted to a higher temperatures as the laver powder content increased. Difference in laver species (e.g., Porphyra dentata and Porphyra tenera) did not affect dough characteristics and surface color of doughs and noodles made with composite flours. From the sensory evaluation test for noodles, a laver noodle containing 4% roasted Porphyra dentata was the most preferred among the noodles tested.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.350-356
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• 2015

The purpose of this study is effect factors of Pre-Hospital Medication in the Patients with Bee-Sting. This study is to identify the necessity of using epinephrine in prehospital stage from the perspective of early management of anaphylaxis following a bee sting. Methods: Patients suffering from a bee sting who used the 119 rescue between 2013 from 119 center data were included. Age, sex, month of injury, time factors, vital signs, medication, signs, distance factors, presence of cardiac arrest, AVPU triage by EMT were extracted. The severity of bee sting injury was divided into mild, moderate, and severe according to the presenting symptoms and signs. Results: The severe patients treated by using oxygen, IV, ECG, Medication. Anaphylaxis is a serious allergic reaction of rapid onset that may lead to death. One of Anaphylaxis patients lived by using epinephrine. Most patients collapsed at the scene of mount. Bee sting injuries occurred primarily during summer to the farmer. Nine patients collapsed at the scene. Bee sting injuries occurred primarily from June to October. Conclusion: The primary treatment for anaphylaxis is epinephrine. Epinephrine in pre-hospital stage is factors of essential for patients. Also epinephrine will permit to be equipped in the EMT-P and use of epinephrine by law.

• Journal of The Korean Ophthalmological Society
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• v.55 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 2014

Purpose: To investigate the clinical manifestation of nasolacrimal duct obstruction after radioactive iodine therapy for thyroid cancer. Methods: The authors examined 622 patients who were treated with radioactive iodine therapy after the operation for thyroid cancer from January 2009 to December 2011. Fourteen patients (18 eyes) were diagnosed nasolacrimal duct obstruction based on the lacrimal irrigation test, lacrimal probing test and dacryocystography in our oculoplastic clinic. We analyzed the dose of radioactive iodine therapy, number of treatments, clinical manifestation and treatment type by retrospectively reviewing the patients' medical records. Results: The mean radioactive iodine dose ($215.7{\pm}23.1mCi$, p = 0.01) and the mean number of treatments ($1.36{\pm}0.50$, p < 0.001) were significantly greater in 14 patients who had nasolacrimal duct obstruction than in patients who did not. The average onset of tearing symptoms occurred 10.2 months after radioactive iodine therapy. The mean time between correct diagnosis and therapy was 18.4 months. Three patients (3 eyes) had occlusion at the common cannaliculus and 11 patients (15 eyes) had occlusion at the nasolacrimal duct. Ten patients (13 eyes) underwent endonasal dacryocystorhinostomy for complete obstruction and 4 patients (5 eyes) underwent silicone tube intubation for partial obstruction. Conclusions: Nasolacrimal duct obstruction is a rare complication associated with radioactive iodine therapy for thyroid cancer, thus, clinicians should be aware of this complication and refer patients with symptoms of epiphora to the oculoplastic department for specialized evaluation and treatment.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.252-260
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• 2002

Introduction Urticaria is widely spread disease. About 15-20 $\%$ of population has experienced at least once in a life time. The etiology of urticaria is uncertain till now, and the affcting factors are various chemical material, physical factors, alcohol, fever, exercise, and hormone, etc. The symptoms of urticaria are small or large wheal-erythema reaction and itching or tingling sense. Cause there is no probe to detect the urticaria clearly, the treatment of urticaria is symptomatic. And mostly urticaria can be chronic and very hard to treat it fundamentally. Nowadays, many trials to treat the urticaria in oriental medical way show good curability. In this paper I'd like to report the treatment rate and degree of urticaria patients mostly using anti-histamine medication. Subjects From the outpatients who visited Korean Hospital of Kyunghee Kangnam during 2000-4 and 2002-1, the 36 chronic urticaria patients, at least more than 4 weeks from onset and 2weeks of treatment period, were chosen. Methods I evaluated the results of treatment with the following scale. Very Good: The all symptoms are clearly disappeared or one third of symptoms remain and sometimes eruption is appeared. Good: Half of the symptoms are improved but most of symptoms remain. No Change: No change appears before and after treatment. Worse: The degree and duration of eruption get worse than pre-treatment state. Results For Acupuncture treatment, I chose the several Acu points like Hapgok(합곡), Taichung(대충), Gokji(곡지), Yanggok(양곡), Yanggea(양계), and lmeup(족임읍), and usually lasted it 15 minutes. With the acupuncture treatment and herb medicine, 2-3 times a week, the patients whose treatment period was 2 to 4 weeks were 17(47.2$\%$), 4 to 8 weeks were 11(30.5$\%$), 8 to 12 weeks were 3(8.3$\%$), 12 to 16 weeks were 3(8.3$\%$), longer than 16 weeks were 2(5.5$\%$) Collecting the statistics of the frequency of prescripted herb medicine, Hyangsosan(향소산) was prescripted 21 times(58.3$\%$), Hyangsapyungwisan(향사평위산) was 15 times(41.6$\%$), Hwapisan(화피산) was 9 times(25$\%$), Yangwitang(양위탕) was 6 times(16.6$\%$), Bojungikkitang(보중익기탕가미) was 4 times(11.1$\%$), Yongdamsagantang (용담사간탕가미) was 4 times(11.1$\%$). The result of the treatments, evaluating with mentioned rate scale, was 11 cases(30.5$\%$) were Very Good degree, 19 cases(52.7$\%$) were Good , 6 cases(16.6$\%$) were No Change. No cases were Worse degree. Conclusion According to this research, we could say that chronic urticaria can be treated with Oriental medical methods. But more precise probes in both Oriental and Western medicine to diagnose the chronic urticaria should be established and we need to make standards for testing and diagnosing the chronic urticaria.