• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.8-15
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• 2005

It is well known that intaking alcohol chronically and heavily causes many formsof physical systemic distress including serious chronic alcoholic liver disease such as alcoholic hepatitis, fatty liver, liver cirrhosis and hepatoma. Carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT) is known as a specific marker in detecting and monitoring alcohol associated disease. Weanalyzed various alcohol-associated parameters to evaluate the clinical usefulness of CDT. The first patient group consisted of fifty patients, who had been diagnosed with alcoholic liver disease from January 2003 to June 2004 at Chungnam National University Hospital. The second group consisted of 12 patients with non-alcoholic liver disease. The third group consisted of 19 teetotalerswho had visited the hospital for the purpose of routine healthcare checks. Various hepatic parameters such as CDT, $\small{\Gamma}$-GT (gamma-glutamyl transferase), AST (aspartate aminotransferase) and ALT (alanine aminotransferase) were compared in the three groups. CDT and AST increased in direct proportion to the amount and duration of alcohol consumption with high significance, but $\small{\Gamma}$-GT and ALT showed arbitrary patterns with no statistical significance. The sensitivities of CDT, $\small{\Gamma}$-GT, AST and ALT were 74 %, 96 %, 68 % and 58 %, respectively and the specificities were 95 %, 74 %, 68 % and 79 % in order respectively. The correlation study of CDT with $\small{\Gamma}$-GT, AST and ALT showed a very low value of correlation coefficients, implying that CDT could be taken as an independent parameter in evaluating alcohol liver disease compared to $\small{\Gamma}$-GT, AST and ALT. This present study suggested that CDT coud be one of the most useful parameters in reflecting the amount and duration of alcohol consumption as well as being another independent parameter in assessing and following up patients with alcoholic liver disease. Moreover we recommend it is the best method of measuring both CDT and $\small{\Gamma}$-GT in patients with alcoholic liver disease.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.668-673
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• 2014

Cold and Heat pattern identification(CHPI) in traditional East Asian medicine(TEAM) is one of the major indicator to distinguish characteristics of disease and to determine treatment method. Basic parameters to determine CHPI include the pulse rate, respiration rate, and pulse power. Studies to associate physiological responses of human body by cold stress(CS) with CHPI in TEAM were rarely done so far. This study aims to explore the effects of cold stress on pulse signal via a feasibility study for three subjects and investigate some indices which can reflect autonomic nerve reaction(ANR). We measured radial pulse signals and respiration signal of the investigated subjects before the CS, during the CS which continues for 5 minutes, and immediately after the CS, respectively. Finally, we analyzed the pulse rate (P), respiration rate (R), pulse power, pulse depth, and pulse rate per respiration (P/R ratio). As a result, the P/R ratio showed a consistently decreasing tendency through the CS stimulation process, while other parameters behaved more complex and in subject-specific ways. It implies that, among candidate parameters, the P/R ratio is a simple but the most probable parameter that can be used as the ANR indicator. This result is also consistent with the theory in TEAM scripts, in which the P/R ratio is predicted to be a direct indicator for the CHPI. This pilot study shows that P/R ratio can be more appropriately associated with the ANR than heart rate or respiration rate alone. Extensive studies will be necessary to verify or confirm the P/R ratio as an appropriate and well defined parameter for ANR.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.1356-1361
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• 2004

Moxa-combustion therapy make use of heat stimulus and chemicals result form when cauterize the skin with moxa cones to medical cares. However, recently moxibustion have been utilized less than acupuncture for treatment of disease in a practicing oriental physicians. To determine variable parameters (the numbers, the times, the quantities, the locations) affected moxibustion's effects, the gastrin serum level in rats were observed. In experiment, male Spraque-Dawley rats (body wt. 140-160g) were selected. Anything is performed to normal group. Control group were only anesthetized with inhalation in normal group. Experimental group were anesthetized and cauterized with moxa at BL21 by way of direct moxibustion. The size of moxa cone is 1.6±0.2㎎. The moxibustion as 5 times a day for five days has shown most significant effects and the moxibustion as a aquantity of 1, 5, 10 times moxa united one respectly, inverse to quantity in effects. The moxibustion for five days has also shown an most significant effects. The moxibustion at unilateral acupoints BL21 have less effects than bilateral one and these effects had no difference between control group after vagotomy. This results indicate that moxibustion's effects are not direct proportion to moxa cone size and frequency but imply that there is adequate value of moxibustion.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Agricultural Machinery Conference
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• 2000.11b
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• pp.188-195
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• 2000

This study was conducted to measure the moisture content of powdered food using RF impedance spectroscopic method. In frequency range of 1.0 to 30㎒, the impedance such as reactance and resistance of parallel plate type sample holder filled with wheat flour and red-pepper powder of which moisture content range were 5.93∼-17.07%w.b. and 10.87 ∼ 27.36%w.b., respectively, was characterized using by Q-meter (HP4342). The reactance was a better parameter than the resistance in estimating the moisture density defined as product of moisture content and bulk density which was used to eliminate the effect of bulk density on RF spectral data in this study. Multivariate data analyses such as principal component regression, partial least square regression and multiple linear regression were performed to develop one calibration model having moisture density and reactance spectral data as parameters for determination of moisture content of both wheat flour and red-pepper powder. The best regression model was one by the multiple linear regression model. Its performance for unknown data of powdered food was showed that the bias, standard error of prediction and determination coefficient are 0.179% moisture content, 1.679% moisture content and 0.8849, respectively.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.21 no.10
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• pp.951-952
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• 2000

Acylation of an intermediate tetrahydroxoplatinum(IV) complex, $[Pt(OH)_4(dach)]$ (dach = $trans-(\pm)-12-di-aminocyclohexane)$, with one or two kinds of carboxylic anhydrides in stepwise manner afforded various car-boxylatoplatinum(IV) complexes, $[Pt(O_2CR)\chi(OR’)4-\chi(dach)]$ (R = $(CH_2)_3CH_3$ or $C(CH_3)_3$, R’ = H or $OCCH_3$, and $\chi$ = 1-4) with a wide range of lipophilicity. The title complexes were subjected to bioassay using the murine leukemia L1210 cell line, and in particular, their in vivo oral antitumor activity was attempted to correlate with their lipophilicity and water solubility. The most orally active complex exhibited intermediate lipophilicity and water solubility, but it has been found that an exact relationship between the lipophilicity and oral anticancer activity could not be established, since the lipophilicity of the complexes is not the sole parameter to determine the oral activity. One of the important intermediate complexes partially substituted was subjected to X-ray anal-ysis for positit of the substituted group: $[Pt(OPiv)_3(OH)(dach)]$ crystallizes in the tetragonal sys-tem, space group $P42_1c$ with a = 21.161(3) $\AA$, b = 21.161(6) $\AA$, c = 12.816(3) $\AA$, $\alpha=\beta=$ r $=90^{\circ}$, V = 5739(2) $\AA^3$ and Z = 8.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.429-440
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• 2008

In this paper, we develop the noninformative priors when the parameter of interest is the common coefficient of variation in two inverse Gaussian distributions. We want to develop the first and second order probability matching priors. But we prove that the second order probability matching prior does not exist. It turns out that the one-at-a-time and two group reference priors satisfy the first order matching criterion but Jeffreys' prior does not. The Bayesian credible intervals based on the one-at-a-time reference prior meet the frequentist target coverage probabilities much better than that of Jeffreys' prior. Some simulations are given.

• Journal of Information Processing Systems
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.116-126
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• 2019

In this paper, an improved one-against-one support vector machine algorithm is used to classify multiple power quality disturbances. To solve the problem of parameter selection, an improved particle swarm optimization algorithm is proposed to optimize the parameters of the support vector machine. By proposing a new inertia weight expression, the particle swarm optimization algorithm can effectively conduct a global search at the outset and effectively search locally later in a study, which improves the overall classification accuracy. The experimental results show that the improved particle swarm optimization method is more accurate than a grid search algorithm optimization and other improved particle swarm optimizations with regard to its classification of multiple power quality disturbances. Furthermore, the number of support vectors is reduced.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.40 no.5
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• pp.550-557
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• 1996

One of therapeutics in liver disease (morbus wilson) is D-penicillamin (D-pen: D-3-mercapto-valin). Especially the cross-linking of collagen molecules could be inhibited by D-pe n in extracellular space. In this study we investigated the antifibrotic effects of D-pen in rats that were induced the liver fibrosis by bile duct ligation and scission (BDL/S). Rats were treated for 4 weeks with D-pen after BDL/S operation or sham operation. The balance between fibrogenesis-marker (PNIIIP) and the fibrolysis-maker (PNIVP) were observed in sera by RIA (radioimmunoassay), and the parameter of collagen deposition in liver tissue (hydroxyproline: HYP) was measured by colorimetry. The weight of liver in BDL/S operated group was increased significantly in compared with sham operation group (15.2g${\pm}$1.1, vs 11.9g${\pm}$3.9: p<0.005, p<0.05). The rats group treated by D-pen showed the lower level of PNIIIP (6.7ng/ml${\pm}$1.5, vs 9.5ng/ml${\pm}$2.8) and the higher value of PIVCP (14.0ng/ml${\pm}$1.9, vs 7.9ng/ml${\pm}$1.5) in sera that compared to untreated rats. The content of HYP was decreased by 141% in BDL/S with D-pen treated group than that of it in BDL/S group. No correlation was revealed between collagen parameters in sera and HYP in liver tissue of BDL/S operated and D-pen treated rats. The group treated with D-pen showed the lower value of clinical biochemistry parameters (GOT: glutamate oxalacetate transaminase, Total-Bilirubin) in compared with only BDL/S operated rats, but the value of GPT (glutamate pyruvate transaminase) and Alkaline phosphatase in two BDL/S groups was nearly same. In the histological finding, we observed mild bile duct proliferation, weak inflammation and fibrosis in BDL/S with D-pen treated group, but BDL/S operated group showed the formation of septum (island of hepatocytes), massive bile duct proliferation. This result represents that the BDL/S operation induces liver fibrosis (cirrhosis) in 4 weeks, and D-pen inhibits the synthesis of collagen weakly and stimulates the degradation of collagen in the extracellular space. We conclude that the monitoring of PNIIIP, PIVCP in sera is useful parameter for screening of antifibrotic effect, and D-pen delay the liver fibrosis.

• Macromolecular Research
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.408-415
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• 2006

Temperature-dependent, wide-angle, x-ray diffraction (WAXD) patterns and infrared (IR) spectra were measured for biodegradable poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) and its copolymers, poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate) P(HB-co-HHx) (HHx=2.5, 3.4, 10.5, and 12 mol%), in order to explore their crystal and lamellar structure and their pattern of C-H...O=C hydrogen bonding. The WAXD patterns showed that the P(HB-co-HHx) copolymers have the same orthorhombic system as PHB. It was found from the temperature-dependent WAXD measurements of PHB and P(HB-co-HHx) that the a lattice parameter is more enlarged than the b lattice parameter during heating and that only the a lattice parameter shows reversibility during both heating and cooling processes. These observations suggest that an interaction occurs along the a axis in PHB and P(HB-co-HHx). This interaction seems to be due to an intermolecular C-H...O=C hydrogen bonding between the C=O group in one helical structure and the $CH_3$ group in the other helical structure. The x-ray crystallographic data of PHB showed that the distance between the O atom of the C=O group in one helical structure and the H atom of one of the three C-H bonds of the $CH_3$ group in the other helix structure is $2.63{\AA}$, which is significantly shorter than the sum of the van der Waals separation ($2.72{\AA}$). This result and the appearance of the $CH_3$ asymmetric stretching band at $3009 cm^{-1}$ suggest that there is a C-H...O=C hydrogen bond between the C=O group and the $CH_3$ group in PHB and P(HB-co-HHx). The temperature-dependent WAXD and IR measurements revealed that the crystallinity of P(HB-co-HHx) (HHx =10.5 and 12 mol%) decreases gradually from a fairly low temperature, while that of PHB and P(HB-co-HHx) (HHx = 2.5 and 3.5 mol%) remains almost unchanged until just below their melting temperatures. It was also shown from our studies that the weakening of the C-H...O = C interaction starts from just above room temperature and proceeds gradually increasing temperature. It seems that the C-H...O=C hydrogen bonding stabilizes the chain holding in the lamellar structure and affects the thermal behaviour of PHB and its copolymers.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.139-149
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• 2013

Objectives : The aim of this study was to investigate the characteristic of low back pain(LBP) and lumbosacral-pelvic alignments, and the relationship between them, depending on the presence and the duration of LBP. Methods : Ninety six patients were classified into the no LBP group(n=31), the acute LBP group(n=33) and the chronic LBP group(n=32), based on the presence and duration of LBP. In each group, lumbosacral-pelvic indicators were measured. The data were analysed by one way analysis of variance(ANOVA) and pearson correlation. Results : 1. The chronic LBP group showed the lower mean value in Ferguson angle, Lumbar lordosis angle, Pelvic Incidence and difference between left and right iliac height, being compared to acute LBP group. 2. There was not significant correlation between lumbosacral-pelvic alignments and LBP in every group. 3. A positive correlation was found among period of LBP and visual analogue scale(VAS), Oswestry disability index(ODI). Conclusions : For presence and duration of LBP, there were different characteristic values in descriptive statistics. And period of LBP is the most important factor for the degree of LBP. These results show that the lumbosacral-pelvic alignments and LBP have distinctive relationships depending on the duration of LBP.