• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.309-315
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• 2014

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of 6-week wrist resistance training on wrist torque control. Nineteen subjects were randomly assigned to either the wrist training group (n=9) or the control group (n=10). The training group performed wrist exercises for six directions (flexion, extension, pronation, supination, radial deviation, and ulnar deviation) while the control group did not. Testing for the isometric torque control error, one-repetition maximum (1-RM) strength, and isokinetic maximum torque (angular velocity of $60^{\circ}/s$ wrist movements) were conducted before and after six weeks of resistance training and after every two-week interval of training. The wrist training group showed significant decreases in isometric torque control error in all six directions after the 2-week resistance training, while the control group did not show significant increase or decrease. The training group showed significant increases in the maximum strength in all six directions assessed by 1-RM strength and isokinetic strength tests after the 4-week resistance training, while the control group did not show any statistically significant changes. This study shows that motor control ability significantly improves within the first two weeks of resistance training, while the wrist strength significantly improves within the first four weeks of resistance training in wrist training group compared to the control.

• Communications of Mathematical Education
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.563-581
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• 2009

In this study we review the representations used for emphasizing the significance and requirement of mathematics in Chinese and Korean mathematics text(算學書). Especially, we study four terms; first 六藝之一(육예지일, one of the six arts), second 伏義(복희, Fuxi) 周公(주공, Zhougong) 孔子(공자, Kongzi) 孔門(공문, Kongmen), third 道(도, dao) (색, ze) 微奧(미오, weiai) 精微(정미, jingwei), forth 經世之實用(경세지실용, usefulness in the real life). Through these representations that can be seen in the many mathematics text, we consider the author's efforts to improve the mathematics.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.119-122
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• 1970

In those six kinds of diamine salt crystal of which their structures had already been determined up to date, commonly one molecule of diamine and two molecules of acid were combined; although the crystal of benzidine perchlorate, only one molecule each of benzidine and perchloric acid were combined. At the case of benzidine perchlorate, one molecule acts as the role of two molecules by coincidence of the center of symmetry point of both the lattice and molecule, and perchlorate ion is locating symmetrically between two -$NH_2$ groups of different benzidine molecule, therefore benzidine and acid could be combined together with 1:1 by mole ratio. When forming the salt with diamine and acid, the combining mole ratio would be determined in accordance with the relationship between the symmetry element that presented by the space group and the symmetry element of diamine salt melecule.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.14 no.8
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• pp.74-83
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• 2014

This study was conducted for the overall analysis for the interests, generally and uses of SNS (Social Network Service) of the overseas dance arts company. The subjects of this study were total 3,614 of countries, public, private and personal dance arts company in 100 countries on six continents. The selected 627 company which operate at least one SNS, and included them in this study. Then analyzed the SNS utilization six continental areas as per dance gener, types, and dance gener analyzed as per types. Also analyzed the SNS utilization six continental areas, dance gener as per types and obtained the following result First, It appeared that Ballet company of North America continent took advantage of SNS the most. Second, It appeared that Facebook, Twitter of North America was the most frequently used. Third, It appeared that Facebook wsa the most frequently used by traditional dance company. Fourth. Facebook, Twitter, Youtube were the most activity used by Ballet company of North America continent. In conclusion, this study recommends the policy alternatives related to the awareness of digital media, the establishment of the SNS marketing information system.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.485-492
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• 2018

In this paper, we propose facial expression recognition using CNN (Convolutional Neural Network), one of the deep learning technologies. The proposed structure has general classification performance for any environment or subject. For this purpose, we collect a variety of databases and organize the database into six expression classes such as 'expressionless', 'happy', 'sad', 'angry', 'surprised' and 'disgusted'. Pre-processing and data augmentation techniques are applied to improve training efficiency and classification performance. In the existing CNN structure, the optimal structure that best expresses the features of six facial expressions is found by adjusting the number of feature maps of the convolutional layer and the number of nodes of fully-connected layer. The experimental results show good classification performance compared to the state-of-the-arts in experiments of the cross validation and the cross database. Also, compared to other conventional models, it is confirmed that the proposed structure is superior in classification performance with less execution time.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.10
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• pp.163-169
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to present the basic data needed to improve the arts, music, and physical education provided by local child care centers based on an investigation of the current status of and satisfaction with the education. The subjects of this study were 17 local child care centers in Gyeonggi-do, South Korea, and the situation of the arts, music, and physical education programs operated from 2014 to 2016 were examined. In addition, 419 children who received the education were surveyed to evaluate their level of satisfaction. The results of this study are as follows. As regards the status of the arts education from 2014 to 2016, it was observed that three of the 17 local child care centers did not have any arts, music or physical education at all, while six of them continuously implemented all three of these programs during this period of time. Two and six of the 17 institutes had arts, music, and physical education programs for two years and one year, respectively. All of the teachers who ran the arts and music education programs of the 17 institutes were arts and music majors who were certified teachers of the liberal arts. However, the physical education programs were run as volunteer activities by college students majoring in physical education. The survey on the level of satisfaction of the children who participated in the arts, music, and physical education programs showed that they were helpful for the overall life experience of the children and that they were more helpful for the boys than for the girls. The level of satisfaction with the education was high for most of the students who participated in the programs, however the boys were more satisfied than the girls. When asked whether they would participate in the arts, music, and physical education programs again, most of the respondents answered that they would do so. The boys were more likely to participate again than the girls. Based on this study, in order to enhance the creativity and personality education of the children using the local child care centers, higher quality education is needed. Arts and music education can be used to help children to learn to communicate smoothly with their friends. In addition, it seems to be necessary to enhance the education by setting goals that are suitable for its purpose, in order to provide creative arts and music education that contributes to the physical health and emotional stability of the children.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.71-84
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• 2011

This study is purposed to categorize external image types of Korean male idol stars, and to understand characteristics of fashion and beauty design for each type and through such, the study is meant to identify the various types of male image and to provide data of image making. As part of the empirical study, it selected well-known 15 groups of male idol stars who were active during February of 2008 and August of 2010, categorized the image types by their photographic data, and analyzed characteristics of fashion and beauty design for each type. In order to measure the degree of image types, a survey was also conducted. The image types of male idol stars, which were classified through a workshop by a group of image-related experts, were categorized with 6 types that are Elite, Urban Chic, Charisma, Rebellious child, Toy boy, and Homme Fatale. The six types of male idol stars have a great relation with the modern male trends and images, and that the male idol stars have been leading the trends and presenting the image by the public preference. In addition, as shown the above, the recent male image appears as a mixed image of femininity and masculinity, showing a complex aspect that does not dominates with one image, and that it was found out to constantly be changing in the flow of times.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.446-464
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• 2015

Objectives: This study was conducted to evaluate the task-specific hazards of chemicals used by nail technicians in Daegu Metropolitan City. Materials: A total of 30 nail shops located in Daegu City were surveyed to investigate the major tasks and practices performed by nail technicians and the ingredients listed in nail care products used in shops. We also collected instructions for use and material safety data sheets(MSDSs) of nail care products and compared CAS Nos. of ingredients with the lists of chemicals regulated by the Industrial Safety and Health Act(ISHA) and Chemical Substances Control Act(CSCA). Results: A total of 125 chemical ingredients were found in 468 nail care products used at the 30 nail shops. The most frequently found ingredients were ethyl acetate(72%), followed by n-butyl acetate(71.8%), isopropanol(56%), benzophenone(51.1%), nitrocellulose(46.4%) and ethanol(45.3%). Comparing six tasks, the task of manicuring used the most products at 222 products containing 91 ingredients. Among the 125 ingredients, there are 31 chemicals with occupational exposure limits(OEL) designated by the Ministry of Employment and Labor(MoEL), eight categorized as carcinogens, one mutagen and two reproductive toxic chemicals. In terms of carcinogens, formaldehyde was identified as the only confirmed human carcinogen(1A). We found that there was one chemical with a permissible limit, one special management substance, 18 workplace monitoring substances and ten special health diagnosis substances regulated by ISHA. For CSCA, nine poisonous substances, six substances requiring preparation for accidents and one restricted substance were identified. Conclusions: Based on these findings, formaldehyde was identified as one of the chemicals that should most strictly be controlled for the protection of the health of nail technicians and customers. At the same time, it is necessary to distribute materials with detailed hazardous information of nail care products for nail shop technicians.

• Animal cells and systems
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.223-229
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• 2000

Limbs and supporting structures of an organism experience a full weight of its own when it lands from water, because neutral buoyancy in the aquatic habitat will be no longer available in the terrestrial world. Metamorphosis of anuran amphibians presents 8 good research model to examine how this transition from non-loading to weight-loading affects development of motor capacity at the time of their first emergence on land. Our video analysis of the transitional anurans, Rana catesbeiana, at Gosner stage 46 (the stage of complete transformation) demonstrated that the take-off speed increased 1.23-fold after the first six hours of weight-loading on the wet ground. It did not increase further during the following three days of loading, and was close to the level of mature frogs with different body mass. During development of larvae in deep water with no chance of landing through metamorphosis, both tension and power of a hindlimb anti-gravity muscle increased 5-fold between stages 37 and n. However, the muscle contractility increased more rapidly when the larvas could access the wet ground by their natural landing behavior after stages 41-42. Muscle power, one of major factors affecting locomotory speed, was 1.29-fold greater in the loaded than in the non-loaded larvae at the transitional stage. Thus, weight-loading had a potentially significant effect on the elevation of motor capacity, with a similar extent of increment in locomotory speed and muscle power during the last stages of metamorphosis. Such a motor adjustment of the froglets in a relatively short transitional period would be important for effective ecological interactions and survival in their inexperienced terrestrial life.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.64 no.5
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• pp.732-739
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• 2021

Objective : Early successful reperfusion is associated with favorable outcomes in acute ischemic stroke (AIS). The purpose of this study was to achieve successful recanalization by a combined mechanical thrombectomy technique, the Aspiration-Retriever Technique for Stroke (ARTS), which is composed of a flexible large lumen distal access catheter and a retrievable stent as the first-line strategy of mechanical thrombectomy. Methods : We retrospectively reviewed 62 patients with AIS who underwent mechanical thrombectomy from 2018 to 2019 at our institute by a senior neurointerventionalist. Among them, patients who were treated using the ARTS technique with the soft torqueable catheter optimized for intracranial access (SOFIA^®; MicroVention-Terumo, Tustin, CA, USA) as the first-line treatment were included. Patients who had tandem occlusions or underlying intracranial artery stenosis were excluded. The angiographic and clinical outcomes were evaluated. The angiographic outcome was analyzed by the rate of successful recanalization, defined as a Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction score of 2b or 3 at the end of all procedures and the rate of successfully achieving the first pass effect (FPE), defined as complete recanalization with a single pass of the device. The clinical outcomes included the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score, modified Rankin Scale (mRS), and mortality. Results : A total of 27 patients (mean age, 59.3 years) fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The successful recanalization rate was 96% (n=26) while the FPE rate was 41% (n=11). The mean post-procedural NIHSS change was -3.0. Thirteen patients (48%) showed good clinical outcomes after thrombectomy with the ARTS technique (mRS at 90 days ≤2). Postoperative complications occurred in seven of 25 patients : hemorrhagic transformation in six patients (22%) and distal embolization in one patient (4%). Mortality was 15% (n=4). Conclusion : Although the clinical outcomes using the ARTS technique with a flexible large lumen distal access catheter performed as the frontline thrombectomy in patients with AIS were not significantly superior than those of other studies, this study showed a high rate of successful endovascular recanalization which was comparable to that of other studies. Therefore, ARTS using the SOFIA^® catheter can be considered as the first choice of treatment for AIS due to large vessel occlusion.