• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.668-675
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to collect data of skin temperature and physiological responses which is useful for standardization of insulation measurement in various garments. And we investigated sex and season difference of physiological responses of 60's males and 60's females in hot and cold environment. Healthy ten 60's males and ten 60's females volunteered as subjects. The experiment was conducted three times; One for winter condition($5^{\circ}C$, 45%), another for summer condition($30^{\circ}C$, 65%) and the other for nude condition as control($30^{\circ}C$, 65%). The subjects were sitting for 1 hour with suitable ensemble on each experimental condition in climate chamber. We measured skin temperature, rectal temperature, heart rate, oxygen uptake, sweat rate, blood flow, blood pressure and subjective sensations. We found that skin temperature and most of physiological responses were higher in male subject, summer condition than in female subject, winter condition.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.61-73
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• 2014

Urinary Incontinence is any leakage of urine against their will. It is not a life threatening illness but it causes negative effects both socially and psychologically. Based on many previous studies, 20-40% of adult female and 30% of men in their sixties have experienced symptoms of urinary incontinence. As the number of active aged people experiencing the symptoms increases, demand for specialized product is growing. The purpose of the study is to research the types and features of male disposable products for urinary incontinence on the market and to provide the basic data for improvement and development of better product. Products from 6 brands (Tena, Depend, Carnation, Keepers, Molimed, Abrimen) with high brand awareness both in online and offline were selected and analyzed. And product evaluation was carried out by male in their sixties with light symptom of urinary incontinence. The results are as follows. There are three types of male products for urinary incontinence: panties, diaper and pad. Among the 6 brands, the subject of analysis, only Depend from Yuhan Kimberly produces male panties while others make ones for unisex. There is no diaper product only for male, and Tena, Molimed, Abrimen have pad type products for male. Male panties from Depend emphasizes their design considering male's physical characteristics. Male pad is differentiated with female one by having different designs like triangular or pocket type which is more comforting to men. As a result of product evaluation, wearable panties similar to normal underwear were highly appreciated and satisfactory. Among various shapes of pads, 25cm long pad with wide width of front and narrow back was valued to be comfortable.

• Journal of the Korea Furniture Society
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.177-187
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• 2007

Since the 1960s when paper began to use as a structural material in furniture, design, the way of using paper was dramatically changed. Before the 1960s, paper was used mostly in decorative purposes like paper $mach\acute{e}$. The development of consumer culture in the 1960s created a new trend for paper in design. Paper became a material for dresses and chairs. Also, the types of paper that adapted on furniture varies from cardboard, paper tubes, glassine paper, honeycomb, etc. The variation of the material results to make possible to create a new form. Moreover, paperboard was broadly used in current society in such area that mostly structural based as architecture. Paper gives great opportunity not only to consumers to buy furniture in inexpensive price also to manufacturers to produce furniture and to test market easily, Moreover, paper furniture is mostly fun. Therefore, the creation of paper furniture becomes diverse in terms of design concept. This study explored the characteristics of paper furniture responding to social backgrounds by decade. Relation between types of paper and the characteristics is one of main points in this research. This study covers furniture design from the 1960s to present and mostly focuses on seating furniture where paper used as structural material. Researching on patent records and contemporary periodicals gave me helpful information on details of design process and consumer culture.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.315-323
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to establish the selection of indicators for estimating and factors affecting the requirement of vitamin B6. There has been a need to establish the human requirements of vitamin $B_6$ since vitamin $B_6$ is thought to be involved in more than one hundred biochemical reactions as a coenzyme in the metabolism of amino acids, glucose, and lipid, and the synthesis of neurotransmitters. For the review of the literature, this study included from early findings of the sixties to studies of 2009. This study suggests that plasma pyridoxal 5' phosphate (PLP) is the best single indicator of vitamin $B_6$ status for the healthy but not for the non-healthy. Erythrocyte aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase activation by PLP as an indirect measure and urinary 4-pyridoxic acid excretion as a direct measure are useful as supporting indicators. Bioavailability, nutrient interaction, physiological need, and chronic diseases may increase the requirement for vitamin $B_6$. However, these effects can not be quantified due to insufficient evidences.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.926-933
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• 2011

The purpose of this research was to develop a smart wear equipped with wearable technologies for women in the age of 50's and 60's and confirm its acceptability. For this, we constructed a casual jacket that has the integration of heating and lighting function, and evaluated the user's satisfaction. The size of the heating device attached at the back of the jacket was 300 mm in width and 120 mm in length and the size of the one attached at the front abdomen was 180 mm in width and 120 mm in length. The power supplier was the unification of the battery and controller which have been waterproofed. The lighting device connected with LED was 26mm in width, 20 mm in length and 1.5 mm in thickness. It has been designed in a waterproofed rectangular shape and was attachable to the jacket. The satisfaction survey of a smart jacket has been conducted with three standards, which were convenience, appearance and practicality. Free physical movement among the standard of convenience had very high scores with the average of 4.7 on a five point-scale. The acceptability of the jacket was 4.6, which proved that it didn't have unique feelings compared to ordinary ones. The evaluation score of the appearance of the jacket was 4.5. Especially inside finishing of the jacket received the highest scores from all ages. According to the evaluation of practicality, there has been no change in the appearance of the jacket and the function of heating device after laundry.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.40 no.11
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• pp.193-205
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• 2002

To evaluate farmers' workload during harvesting grapes in summer, this study investigated farmers' physiological, psychological responses, work postures and thermal environment around in the field. This field study was conducted in the Anseong County of Kyonggi Province at the end of August. Five career farmers (1 male, 4 females) volunteered as subjects. Three of them were over their sixties. During harvesting grapes in the field, physiological responses were monitored continuously. 1. Air temperature (T/sub a/), air humidity(H/sub a/), black globe temperature(T/sub g/), air velocity and WBGT around the grape field were 26.9℃, 77.7%RH, 32.8℃, 0.08㎧ and 26.3℃, respectively. Because farmers started the harvesting task in early morning, thermal environments weren't conditions to give farmers severe heat strain. 2. The percentage of the work postures was larger in order of standing, walking, and bending one's back posture. Particularly, the percentage of standing posture with raising both arms above shoulder of two farmers was up to 29% and 61% of the total work duration. 3. Rectal temperature (T/sub re/), mean skin temperature (T/sub sk/), clothing microclimate temperature (T/sub cl/) on the chest and the back, heart rate (HR) and energy expenditure (EE) were 37.2℃, 33.1℃, 32.0℃, 32.4℃, 88bpm and 1.3 Kca1/㎡/min respectively. In the point of these physiological results, we evaluated that the harvesting task was a moderate work. 4. All farmers expressed‘hard, hot, humid and slightly uncomfortable’ at the end of works for each subjective questionnaire. The grape harvesting tasks were not evaluated as a very hard work in the point of physiological work standards. But we considered 1) inappropriate work posture (standing posture with raising both arms above shoulder) and 2) farmers' age as burden factors. These findings suggest that adding adequate protective clothing/equipments for farmers may contribute to maintain their body temperature within the normal range, stabilize HR and decrease psychological strain.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.560-570
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• 2001

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to identify factors of the causal attribution of cancer and to determine related variables. Method: Subjects were one hundred and thirty three cancer patients. The tool of the perceived causal attribution used was developed by authors and basically founded on Kim's work(1993). The SAS program was used to analyze the data along with descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Duncan's Multiple range test, and Principal component analysis and varimax rotation. Results: 1) The perceived causal attribution measurement revealed four factors; overload, destiny, stress, and constitution. The total percentage of variance explained by the four factors was 44.3%. 2) The scores of destiny on women, having religion, unemployed, lower level of education, no spouse, groups of uterine cervix and lung cancer, not receiving an operation and receiving radiation were significantly higher than those other groups. 3) The scores of stress on women, having religion, and not having a job were significantly higher than those on men, without religion, and having a job. 4) The scores of constitution on those in their forties, women, not receiving an operation and receiving radiation were significantly higher than for those in their sixties, men, receiving operation and not receiving radiation. There was no significant difference in the factor scores of overload by any variables. Conclusion: Factors of the perceived causal attribution of cancer among Korean cancer patients were overload, destiny, stress, and constitution. The scores of each factor the perceived causal attribution was significantly different by general and disease related characteristics.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.826-837
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• 2007

Gallstone composition has changed over the past decades in the Korean with a prominent increase in the prevalence of cholesterol gallstone. This trend is possibly due to the westernization of dietary habits. The purpose of this study was descriptive of GB patient's health related eating behaviors and nutrient consumption patterns. One hundred and six gallstone patients who have had cholecystitis surgery enrolled in this study. Anthropomertic indices, such as height, weight, waist circumference, and hip circumference were measured and calculated BMI and WHR. As the biomarker, TC, TG, LDL-C, HDL-C, FBG level and SBP/DBP were measured and analyzed the relationship with GB stone formation. The structured checklist of health related eating behavior and the semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire after pre-test was used in the face to face interview study. The mean age was $54.9{\pm}13.3$ and gallstone disease was more frequent in the fifties and sixties. Mean BMI was $24.3{\pm}2.8$ in males, and $23.4{\pm}3.9$ in females, the average of waist circumference was $91.1{\pm}7.0cm$ in males and females were $85.4{\pm}9.6cm$. The WHR of men and women was $0.93{\pm}0.0,\;0.90{\pm}0.1$, respectively. The obesity and overweight trend was observed in gallstone patients. The mean blood sugar was researched at $114.5{\pm}35.0mg/dL$. And the ratio of both symptoms DM and gallstone was 26.4%. The rate of dramatic eating repast was significantly higher in the females (p<0.01). Males tended to more frequently consume meat, of high fat content meats and greasy food consumption when eating out. The CPF ratio was 57:16.5:26.5. There was a significant positive correlation between WC and energy (r=0.252, p<0.05), carbohydrate (r=0.255, p<0.05) and niacin (r=0.227, p<0.05). In addition, carbohydrate were significantly correlatied with TC (r=0.230, p<0.05). BMI appeared positive in correlation of protein (r=0.201, p<0.05) and fat (r=0.205, p<0.05). These findings provide a little association that dietary habits are related with cholesterol gallstone formation.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.510-537
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• 1995

Human health is an integral part of experience in the process of Human Becoming. Through continual interaction with the environment human beings freely choose experience and develop as responsible beings. The process of the health experience of patient with terminal cancer is a unique. he objective of this study is to understand the lived experience of patients with terminal cancer in order to provide basic information for nursing care in the clinical setting and to develop a theoretical background for clinical practice. This study is to de-scribe and define the lived experience of patients with terminal cancer in order to provide a foundation for nursing research and education. Data collection has been done between December 1993 and November 1994. The subjects included five persons -four females and one male : one who was in her sixties, one in his fifties, two in their forties, and one who was in her thirties. The researcher has met with these patients 35 times, but at eight times the patient was in a stuporous condition and not able to participate, so these were not included in the data analysis. Parse's "Human Becoming Methodology", an existential phenomenological research methodology is used for this study. Data has been collected using he dialogical engagement process of "I and You", the participant researcher and the participant subject. Dialogical engagement was discontinued when the data was theoretically saturated. Data was analyzed using the extraction - synthesis and heuristic interpretation. The criteria of Guba and Lincoln(1985). and Sandelo wski(1986) : credibility, auditability, fitness and objectivity were used to test the validity and reliability of the data. The following is a description of the structure of the lived experience of patients with terminal cancer as defined by this study : 1. Structure : 1) Suffering through the reminiscence of past experience 2) The appearance of complex emotions related to life and connectedness 3) The increasing importance of significant people and of the Absolute Being 4) The increasing realization of the importance of health and belief 5) Desire for a return to health and a peaceful life or for acceptance of dying and a comfortable death In summary the structure of the lived experience of these patients can be said to be : suffering comes through reminiscence of past experience, and there are complex emotions related to life and connectedness. Significant people and the Absolute Being become increasingly important along with a realization of the importance of health and faith. And finally there is a desire for either a return to health and a peaceful life or for the acceptance of dying and a comfortable death. 2. Heuristic Interpretation : Using Parse's Human Becoming Methodology, the structure of the lived experience of patients with terminal cancer identified in this research is interpreted as. The lived experience of patients with terminal cancer involves the solving of past conflicts, and the experience of the healing and valuing of sorrow and pain. Through the relation of life and health, and the complex emotions that arise, the lived experience of revealing - concealing is of paradoxical emotions. The increasing importance of significant others and of the Absolute Being shows Connecting and Separating an on- going process of nearness and farness. Revision of thoughts about health and faith is interpreted as transforming and desire for restoration to health and a peaceful life or acceptance of dying and a cowfortable death, as powering. In summary, it is possible to see, in the lived experience of patients with terminal cancer, the relationship of the five concepts of Parse's theory : valuing, revealing -concealing, connecting-separating, transforming, and powering. From Parse's theory, the results of this study show that meaning is related to valuing, rhythmicity to revealing-concealing and connect-ing-separating, and cotranscendence to transforming and powering.

• The Journal of Art Theory & Practice
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• no.1
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• pp.71-92
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• 2003

This study examined the condition of an educational discourse, relating the concept of creativity, culture, culture-centered, and critical thinking, to explore Culture-based Art Education(CBAE). In particular, art education practice was examined using interpretations of creativity and critical theory positions from the field of education. Discourse analysis was used as the research method to contextually situate and analyze the ways in which art education theory and practice of creativity and of critical studies encoded meanings. The study helped build an understanding that creativity was formed as a modernist discourse in the humanistic stance. In education, creativity became the fundamental concern for progressive educators who pursued innate ability of individuals. The way to enhance creative potential of students was to induce their motive, as was the same case in art education, while in artist training, free expression was its main method. In this way, as creativity was intimately connected with the concept of expression, in art education art making is the only course for enhancing creativity. However, because creative process cannot intelligently be regarded as logically distinct from the creative product, and creativity can only be said by product, it seems valid to think that creativity is the quality not to be achieved by teaching. Furthermore, its emphasis on art making resulted in unbalance of art making and art appreciation in art education. It was the late sixties when several alternatives for creative education were made their appearance. Critical studies in art adopted critical theory as its theoretical background has developed as an alternative of creative art education, when research and theory for creativity could not be adequate to deal with the problem of practice. Critical theory is a broad and diverse field of theory and practice drawing on aspects of the modernist perspective of the later Frankfurt School, feminism, Freirean pedagogy, postcolonial discourse as well as postmodernism to construct a practical approach to education. It is very this eclectic nature to provide the mosaic that need to experience cultures from different perspectives in a pluralistic society. Because one's personality is formed by multiple aspects of culture which is very complex and is made up of what we do and value, creativity cannot make part of educational discourse with the philosophy of culture centered. On the other hand, critical studies, as a school art program of critical theory, can perform the role of CBAE, because it would have to deal with the investigation of social and cultural issues form multiple personal, local, national, and global perspectives.