• Journal of Digestive Cancer Research
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.77-84
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• 2023

Dietary habits play a significant role in the development of colorectal cancer. Over the past decades, various epidemiological and meta-studies have indicated a close relationship among nutrient intake, dietary habits, and incidence of colorectal cancer. Less consumption of red or processed meat and alcohol, if possible, and high consumption of vitamins B and D, garlic, magnesium, fiber, calcium, and omega-3 fatty acids reduce the risk of colorectal cancer. Additionally, balanced diet intake and proper weight maintenance are crucial for colon cancer prevention. All these factors are modifiable and associated with the recurrence and overall survival after cancer development, thereby greatly contributing to the nutritional treatment of patients diagnosed with colorectal cancer.

• Journal of Aquaculture
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.329-337
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• 1996

Dietary values of phytoplanktons, concentrated Chlorella and commercial yeasts were investigated for the resting egg production of the Korean rotifer, B. plioatilis S-type. The hatching rate of the resting egg of the rotifer fed on different diets was also studied. The highest production of the resting egg was 3,760 eggs/20 ml with N. oculata. However, the hatching rate was not significant among 4 phytoplankton species. The highest production of resting eggs among 9 diet groups ($\omega$-yeast, baker's yeast, 2 refrigerated Marine Chlorella, frozen Marine Chlorella, frozen Chlorella ($70\%$) + baker's yeast ($30\%$), frozen Chlorella ($30\%$) + baker's yeast ($70\%$), 2 refrigerated freshwater Chiorella) was 283 eggs/ml in the frozen Chlorella ($30\%$) +baker's yeast ($70\%$) and the refrigerated freshwater Chlorella. The highest number of resting egg from 10,000 rotifers and 1 mg dry wieght diet was 5,566 eggs and 2,131 eggs in the frozen Chlorella ($30\%$) + baker's yeast ($70\%$). However, the highest hatching rate of the resting eggs was $67.4\%$ in $\omega$-yeast. In this study, the results suggest that the baker's yeast with a small amount of frozen Chlorella seems to be good feeding regime for the economical production of resting eggs.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.33 no.8
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• pp.1310-1322
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• 2020

Objective: The current study was conducted to evaluate the quality and profile of fatty acid in the breast and thigh, and the performance of broilers fed diets containing seed or oil of chia (Salvia hispanica L.) as a replacement for soybean, in the rearing period from 29 to 42 days of age. Methods: On the 29th day of age, 120 broilers were distributed in four treatments evaluated in five replicates of six birds. The grain or oil of soybean was respectively replaced on a weight-to-weight basis in the formulation by the seed or oil of chia, constituting the experimental diets. The roasted whole soybean and chia seed were included in the feed at 16.4%, whereas the soybean and chia oils were included at 2.5%. Results: The dietary chia oil increased the lipid peroxidation in the thigh meat, and the dietary chia seed increased the cooking loss of the thigh. However, for the other physicochemical parameters evaluated and for the proximate composition of the breast and thigh, in general, the inclusion of chia seed or oil in the diet provided similar or better results than those observed when the diets contained soybean oil or roasted whole soybean. With regard to the fatty acid profile and associated parameters, dietary chia increased the concentrations of α-linolenic, eicosapentaenoic, and docosahexaenoic acids and reduced the Σω-6:Σω-3 ratio and the atherogenicity and thrombogenicity indices of the broiler meat. However, the dietary chia seed worsened the feed conversion ratio. Conclusion: Diet containing 2.5% chia oil supplied to broilers during the period from 29 to 42 days of age improves the feed conversion ratio, increases the deposition of the ω-3 fatty acids in the breast and thigh, in addition to reducing the Σω-6:Σω-3 ratio and the atherogenicity and thrombogenicity indices, thereby resulting in meat with higher nutritional quality.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.16 no.8
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• pp.1171-1176
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• 2003

The effects of dietary conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) on lipid concentrations and fatty acid composition of various tissues were studied in young chicks. From 7 days of age, a total of 160 chicks were divided into 4 groups, placed into 4 pens per group (10 birds per pen) and fed one of four experimental diets containing 6% tallow (TO 6%), 4% tallow plus 2% CLA (TO 4%-CLA 2%), 2% tallow plus 4% CLA (TO 2%-CLA 4%) or 6% CLA (CLA 6%) for 3 weeks. There were no significant differences in growth performances and the relative weights of various organs, but relative liver weight of chicks fed dietary CLA at 4 and 6% levels was significantly higher (p<0.05) than that of TO 6% group. The chemical compositions of leg muscle were not affected by CLA feeding. However, hepatic total lipid of chicks fed 6% CLA diet was significantly higher (p<0.05) than those of TO 6% and TO 4%-CLA 2% groups. The concentrations of various lipid fractions in serum were not affected by CLA feeding. With the increase in dietary CLA levels, cis 9-trans 11 CLA, trans 10-cis 12 CLA and total CLA of leg muscle increased linearly. The relative proportions of C18:1 $\omega$ -9 and C20:4 $\omega$-6 fatty acids in the leg muscles of chicks fed the CLA containing diets were significantly lower (p<0.05) than those of TO 6% group. These results indicate that the levels of CLA isomers were increased linearly in dose-dependent manner after feeding of synthetic CLA source. But it was also observed that excessive amount of dietary CLA resulted in the possible adversely effects, such as increase of liver weight, hepatic lipid accumulation and serum GOT level.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.15-20
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• 1982

The fatty acid composition of human milk was determined in 20 milk samples (ten colostrum and 10 mature) obtained at different stages of lactation. Human colostrum contained a lower percentage of total lipids than mature milk. In comparison with mature milk, human colostrum was characterized by a lower percentage of saturated fatty acids, a higher percentage of monounsaturated fatty acids and a higher percentage of extra-long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid metabolites of both linoleic acid ($\omega$ 6 series) and linolenic acid ($\omega$ 3 series). The linoleic acid levels reported here are considerably higher than those reported previously in Korea. This shift has paralleled an increase in the use of vegetable oils in Korean diet. The human mature milk differed from marketing cow's milk in fatty acid composition, as it had a lower content of short-, medium-and long-chain saturated fatty acids and a higher content of long-chain monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.44 no.5
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• pp.988-1010
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• 2024

Obesity, as defined by the World Health Organization (WHO), is excessive fat accumulation that can pose health risks and is a disorder of the energy homeostasis system. In typical westernized diets, ω-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) vastly exceed the amount of ω-3 PUFAs, with ω-6/ω-3 ratios ranging from 10:1 to 25:1. ω-6 PUFAs, such as arachidonic acid, have pro-inflammatory effects and increase obesity. On the other hand, ω-3 PUFAs, including eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid, have anti-inflammatory and anti-obesity effects. Linoleic acid (LA) and alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) are synthesized in almost all higher plants, algae, and some fungi. However, in humans and animals, they are essential fatty acids and must be consumed through diet or supplementation. Therefore, balancing LA/ALA ratios is essential for obesity prevention and human health. Monogastric animals such as pigs and chickens can produce meat and eggs fortified with ω-3 PUFAs by controlling dietary fatty acid (FA). Additionally, ruminant animals such as feeder cattle and lactating dairy cows can opt for feed supplementation with ω-3 PUFAs sources and rumen-protected microencapsulated FAs or pasture finishing. This method can produce ω-3 PUFAs and conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) fortified meat, milk, and cheese. A high ω-6/ω-3 ratio is associated with proinflammation and obesity, whereas a balanced ratio reduces inflammation and obesity. Additionally, probiotics containing lactic acid bacteria are necessary, which reduces inflammation and obesity by converting ω-6 PUFAs into functional metabolites such as 10-hydroxy-cis-12-octadecenoic acid and CLA.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.701-710
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• 2024

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to compare nutrient intake according to the presence of glaucoma among Korean individuals aged 60 yrs or older and to establish evidence for the necessity of dietary habits and nutritional management in the prevention and management of glaucoma. SUBJECTS/METHODS: The study was conducted on 4,195 older adults aged 60 or older who participated in the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey in 2017 and 2018. The subjects were classified into glaucoma (n = 186) and non-glaucoma (n = 4,009) groups based on the doctor's diagnosis of glaucoma. Nutrient intake was estimated using a 24-h recall method, and the intake of nutrients between the 2 groups was compared. RESULTS: The comparison of food group and nutrient intake according to the subjects' prevalence of glaucoma showed that the average intake of potatoes and starches was higher in the glaucoma group than in the non-glaucoma group (P = 0.049), whereas the average intake of meat, fish, and shellfish was higher in the non-glaucoma group than in the glaucoma group (P = 0.045, P = 0.018). Additionally, the average intake of omega-3 and vitamin C was higher in the non-glaucoma group than in the glaucoma group (P = 0.022, P = 0.045), while the average intake of niacin was higher in the glaucoma group than in the non-glaucoma group (P = 0.046). CONCLUSION: The intake of meats, fish, and shellfish, omega-3, and vitamin C was higher in the non-glaucoma group than in the glaucoma group. These results suggest that a healthy diet might be necessary for the prevention and management of glaucoma.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.73-79
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• 2022

Objectives : Suicide is a global social problem. Social burden caused by suicide is gradually increasing. Various efforts have been made to prevent suicide. Lifestyle changes to western style, especially diet changes, have increased the risk for suicide. Therefore, in this study, we discussed diet as an adjuvant treatment for suicide. Methods : In this review, we summarized the biochemical mechanism of suicide, and diet as a risk factor for suicide and diet as a protective factor through a web search. Results : In this study, biochemical mechanisms for suicide were reviewed and diet as a risk factor and diet as a protective factor for suicide were investigated. It was confirmed that neurotoxic effects such as oxidative stress and inflammation in the neural system could increase the risk of suicide. Based on results of previous studies on the relationship between suicide and diet, it was found that heavy use of alcohol, coffee, carbonated soft drink, and fast food were risk factors for suicide. Protective factors for suicide included antioxidants such as vitamin C, carotene, and anti-inflammatory agents such as omega-3 fatty acids found in seafood in large amounts. Conclusions : The only treatment for suicide is prevention. In this context, effectiveness, accessibility, and safety are important for preventing for suicide. Antioxidants and anti-inflammatory agents that are relatively safe and readily available to the public could be effective adjuvant treatments to decrease the risk of suicide. In addition, it is necessary to educate the public on reducing diets that could increase the risk of suicide

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.28 no.8
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• pp.1116-1122
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• 2015

This study aimed to investigate the effect of sunflower seeds, either as whole or as oil, on rumen fermentation, milk production, milk composition and fatty acids profile in dairy goats. Fifteen lactating Damascus goats were divided randomly into three groups (n = 5) fed a basal diet of concentrate feed mixture and fresh Trifolium alexandrinum at 50:50 on dry matter basis (Control) in addition to 50 g/head/d sunflower seeds whole (SS) or 20 mL/head/d sunflower seeds oil (SO) in a complete randomized design. Milk was sampled every two weeks during 90 days of experimental period for chemical analysis and rumen was sampled at 30, 60, and 90 days of the experiment for ruminal pH, volatile fatty acids (tVFA), and ammonia-N determination. Addition of SO decreased (p = 0.017) ruminal pH, whereas SO and SS increased tVFA (p<0.001) and acetate (p = 0.034) concentrations. Serum glucose increased (p = 0.013) in SO and SS goats vs Control. The SO and SS treated goats had improved milk yield (p = 0.007) and milk fat content (p = 0.002). Moreover, SO increased milk lactose content (p = 0.048) and feed efficiency (p = 0.046) compared to Control. Both of SS and SO increased (p<0.05) milk unsaturated fatty acids content specially conjugated linolenic acid (CLA) vs Control. Addition of SS and SO increased (p = 0. 021) C18:3N3 fatty acid compared to Control diet. Data suggested that addition of either SS or SO to lactating goats ration had beneficial effects on milk yield and milk composition with enhancing milk content of healthy fatty acids (CLA and omega 3), without detrimental effects on animal performance.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.93-97
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• 2000

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of rotifer fed the different diets in high density culture on larval flounder Paralichthys olivaceus. Potifer was enriched with enrichment supplements, Marine ${\alpha}\;and\;{\omega}-yeast$ for 6 hours after being cultured with freshwater Chlorella for 18 hours during high density culture before it was fed to larval flounder. And rotifer was culutured with marine Chlorella and freshwater Chlorella for 24 hours during semi-continuous high density culture before it was fed to larval flounder. Culture tanks(21 working volum) set for rotifer culture in a water bath($28{\circ}C$) were continuously supplied with oxygen gas. The content of n-3 HUFA to fatty acids in rotifer(dry weight ${\%}$) enriched with Marine ${\alpha}$ for 6 hours and cultures with marine Chlorella for 24 hours were higher than that in rotifer enriched with ${\omega}-yeast$ for 6 hours or cultured with freshwater Chlorella for 24 hours. The growth and survival rates of larval flounder fed on rotifer enriched with Marine ${\alpha}$ for 6 hours and cultured with marine Chlorella for 24 hours were higher than those of larval flounder fed on rotifer enriched with ${\omega}-yeast$ for 6 hours or cultured with freshwater Chlorella for 24 hours. And the content of n-3 HUFA of larval flounder fed on rotifer enriched with Marine ${\alpha}$ for 6 hours was higher than that of larval flounder fed on other rotifers, The results from this study indicated that rotifer culture with marine Chiorelia would be suitable for the high density culture and effective diet for the growth of larval flounder.