• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.684-687
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• 2000

Primary anaplastic oligodendroglioma in brain stem is extremely rare. The authors present a case of a anaplastic oligodendroglioma arising from pons. A 29 year-old male patient was admitted because of cranial nerve palsy and visual disturbance. Neurological examination revealed bilateral sixth and left seventh cranial nerve plasies. Near-total resection of tumor mass was performed through midline suboccipital appraoch. Tumor was not related with choroid plexus and major vessels but it was firmly attached to the fourth ventricle floor. Tumor was considered to be arised from the tegmental portion of pons, growing dorsally into the 4th ventricle. Hitopathological exmination revealed primary anaplastic oligodendroglioma. Postoperative course was uneventful. The authors believe that this type of tumor with dorsally growing pattern can be successfully resected without major neurological deficit.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.50 no.4
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• pp.381-384
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• 2011

The authors report a case of atypical extraventricular neurocytoma (EVN) transformed from EVN which had been initially diagnosed as an oligodendroglioma 15 years ago. An 8-year-old boy underwent a surgical resection for a right frontal mass which was initially diagnosed as oligodendroglioma. When the tumor recurred 15 years later, a secondary operation was performed, followed by salvage gamma knife treatment. The recurrent tumor was diagnosed as an atypical EVN. The initial specimen was reviewed and immunohistochemistry revealed a strong positivity for synaptophysin. The diagnosis of the initial tumor was revised as an EVN. The patient maintained a stable disease state for 15 years after the first operation, and was followed up for one year without any complications or disease progression after the second operation. We diagnosed an atypical extraventricular neurocytoma transformed from EVN which had been initially diagnosed as an oligodendroglioma 15 years earlier. We emphasize that EVN should be included in the differential diagnosis of oligodendroglioma.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.132-134
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• 2007

The authors describe an anaplastic oligodendroglioma of the cerebellum which is distinctly uncommon. The patient presented with sudden onset of decreased consciousness associated with hemorrhage in the cerebellum, which appeared to origin from a vascular malformation or a tumor on a initial computed tomography (CT) scan. Subsequent magnetic resonance (MR) imaging suggested a high grade glioma with abundant vascularity in the right cerebellum. The histological examination revealed the findings compatible with those of an anaplastic oligodendroglioma. A complicated clinical course had led him to a poor outcome.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.50 no.3
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• pp.240-243
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• 2011

Clear cell ependymomas (CCEs) are rare variants of ependymomas. Tumors show anaplastic histological features and behave as an aggressive manner. CCEs have a predilection for extraneural metastases and early recurrence, and they demonstrate characteristic radiographic features. These tumors should be radiologically and pathologically differentiated from oligodendrogliomas. On microscopic examination, CCEs are composed of sheets of cells and resemble oligodendroglioma. However, upon closer examination, the nature of CCEs can be detected earlier, resulting in prompt treatment of the tumor. Although we report only one case, we emphasize the importance of early diagnosis and treatment. Future description of more cases of these rare cancers is necessary to aid in their diagnosis and treatment.

• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.130-137
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• 2001

Purpose : Our purpose was to compare maximum relative cerebral blood volume (rCBV) with histologic grade of cerebral gliomas. Materials and methods : First-pass perfusion MR imaging was performed preoperatively in 16 patients with pathologically proven cerebral gliomas (7 glioblastoma, 2 anaplastic astrocytoma, 1 anaplastic oligodendroglioma, 5 low-grade astrocytoma, and 1 low-grade oligodendroglioma). Maximum rCBV was compared with histologic diagnosis and grade of the tumor. Results : Maximum rCBVs of glioblastomas were in the range of 433% to-1330% (average, 790 %), as compared with those of contra-lateral normal white matters. Maximum rCBVs of two non-enhancing anaplastic astrocytomas were 66% and 284%, respectively. Maximum rCBV of one well-enhancing anaplastic oligodendroglioma was 702%. Maximum rCBVs of low-grade astrocytomas were in the range of 80%-369% (average, 202%). Maximum rCBV of one low-grade oligodendroglioma was 1450%, even higher than those of glioblastomas. Conclusion : Maximum rCBV was higher in glioblastoma than in low-grade astrocytoma without overlapping. However, there was no difference of maximum rCBV between non-enhancing anaplastic astrocytoma and low-grade astrocrtoma.

• Annals of Clinical Neurophysiology
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.21-25
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• 2022

The newly identified frontal aslant tract (FAT) that connects the posterior Broca's area to the supplementary motor area is known to be involved in speech and language functions. We successfully intraoperatively monitored FAT using cortico-cortical evoked potentials generated by single-pulse electrical cortical stimulation in a patient with oligodendroglioma.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.30 no.7
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• pp.934-938
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• 2001

Oligodendrogiomas account for about 4 per cent of intracranial gliomas and surgery is known to be an essential first step to establish an accurate diagnosis and when oligodendrogliomas recur with or without anaplastic features after initial resection, radiation and chemotherapy consisting of the administration of procarbazine, lomustine, and vincristine are usually indicated. We report our experience of an excellent result with intraventricular methotrexate chemotherapy for a patient with disseminated anaplastic oligodendroglioma. A 29-year-old male patient presented with diplopia and headache for two months. MRI showed a irregular, faintly enhanced mass in the posterior fossa. The hisotological diagnosis was an anaplaplastic oligodendroglioma and he was treated with chemotherapy of PCV regimen and radiotherapy followed by surgery. CSF dissemination was revealed by a follow-up MRI during the period. Intraventricular methotrexate(0.175mg/kg) was given twice a week for 4 weeks through ommaya reservoir and the size of the multiple tumors was decreased significantly on follow-up MRI. This case report suggests that an aggressive treatment involving intravent-ricular chemotherapy may be helpful even when anaplastic oligodendrogliomas disseminates to leptomeninges.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.48 no.1
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• pp.93-98
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• 2008

A 6-year-old female Boston terrier dog was presented with seizure episode, forelimb paraparesis, excessive panting, and ataxia. On physical and neurological examination, episcleral vessel engorgement, delayed postural reaction, delayed pupillary light reflex (both direct and consensual), and crossed forelimb were noted. Serum biochemical profiles were not remarkable other than mildly elevated hepatic enzymes. On cerebrospinal fluid analysis, elevated protein concentration was observed. In magnetic resonance imaging scans, the left frontal brain lesion with ring enhancement strongly suggested the presence of intracranial tumor. Concurrently, secondary hydrocephalus and syringomyelia were also observed. The dog was euthanized at 4 months after initial presentation because of aggravated neurological signs. This case was definitely diagnosed as an intracranial anaplastic oligodendroglioma based on postmortem histopathologic examination.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.13
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• pp.5319-5323
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• 2015

Background: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the prognostic significance of Ki-67 and subjective microvascular density (SMVD) indexes together with other factors in patients with oligodendroglioma. Materials and Methods: In this retrospective study, oligodendroglioma specimens obtained from twenty-five consecutive patients were evaluated for Ki-67 and SMVD indices to help determine histological grading and investigate the fidelity of these markers in clinical prognosis. Other potentially prognostic factors were Karnofsky performance scale, tumor histological grade, and adjuvant radiotherapy. Results: The Ki-67 proliferation index appeared to have a strong correlation with the grade of the tumor and the survival. Age, gender, adjuvant radiotherapy, surgical resection type (complete versus incomplete) did not have any influence on recurrence. The SMVD index correlated significantly with the 3 to 5-year survival. Conclusions: Ki-67 and MVD indexes are important and useful markers in estimating the prognosis of oligodendrogliomas.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.35-56
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• 1979

To investigate ultrastructural characteristics of cancer cells of the nervous system, 25 cases; i.e. astrocytoma(9), oligodendroglioma(1), medulloblastoma(1), meningioma(5), pinealoma(2) and pituitary adenomas(7). The common findings were marked irregularity of nuclear membrane with pronounced infoldings, clumping of heterochromatin along inner nuclear membrane, enlargement of nucleolus, and frequent observations of nuclear bodies and nuclear inclusions. But these findings are also the signs that can be observed in hyperactive cells. Thus, ultrastructural characteristics of cancerous nucleus are the great variability of nuclear size, shape and composition. but none of them appear to be specific. Among cytoplasmic organelles, massive fibrils are characteristic of astrocytoma and meningiomas, cytoplasmic protofibrils such as glial process and microvesicles in oligodendroglioma, secretory granules are characteristic in pituitary adenomas, and fine filamentous fibrils and desmosomes are characteristic of fibroblastic type of meningioma. Intercellular relationships and cell membrane specialization are important features in the differential diagnosis of various undifferentiated tumors. The frequent resolution of difficult diagnosis problems by electron microscopy outweighs the disadvantages of this technique, such as the expense and time required.