• 대한미생물학회지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.5-14
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• 1968

Prostitutes living in Songdo beach in Pusan, for two years period (from September 4, 1964 to August 28, 1966) were investigated for the present status and Venereal Diseases. The following results were obtained. 1. Age distribution:The youngest was 18 years old and the oldest 29. The group between 22-25 years old was 72.8%, approximately three fourth of all prostitute. 2. Educational background: From illiterate to college graduated. The group of graduated primary school was 80.7%, approximately four fifth of all prostitutes. 3. Distribution of birth places: From all cities and provinces in Korea except Chejudo Island province. Kyongsang Namdo province was highest(24%), Kyongsan Pukdo province 18%, Pusan city 12%, and Seoul city 11%. 4. Monthly and weekly Venereal Diseases examination to prostitutes: Total examined cases were 7757, consisting of 323 monthly, and 75 weekly. Total numbers of disqualified persons were 592(7.63% of total examined), consisting of 25 monthly, and 6 weekly. 5. Clinical and laboratory findings of the rejected prostitutes at the Venereal Disease examination: Among total cases of rejected 592, gonococcal positive cases were 2.89%, staining by gram's method, cervical erosions 3.53%, and numerous pus cells but gonococcal negative 1.53%. 6. Seasonal distribution of prostitutes : Songdo beach is one of the famous sea shore sightseeing resort in Pusan. Therefore, numbers of prostitutes were increasing in hot season, summer and decreasing in cold season, winter. 7. Number of disqualified prostitutes at the Venereal Disease examination by seasonal trend: In autumn 18.04%, winter 8.68%, spring 5.85%, and summer 4.43%, in order as described, the decreasing tendency was observed. 8. Serolgical tests for syphilis: VDRL slide method and Kolmer-Wassermann reaction were performed to the prostitutes. STS were positive by VDRL slide method in 8.33-33.87%, Kolmer-Wassermann reaction in 8.33-27.42% of the prostitutes. The results of sero-positive of syphilis showed tendency toward gradually increase from 1964 to 1966. 9. Authors were observed only 1 case or soft chancer, but neither lymphogranuloma venereum nor granuloma inguinale were detected.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.162-168
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• 2007

Oral and maxillofacial infection is the oldest and most common disease in human history. The infection ranges from the low-grade infection that only requires minimal treatment to the high-grade and life-threatening fascial space infection. In this study, the data on oral and maxillofacial infections were analyzed to aid in the diagnosis and treatment, and to predict the prognosis. This report was based on data from 831 patients with oral and maxillofacial infection (394 males and 437 females) who were hospitalized in the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial surgery of Chosun University Dental Hospital from January 1998 to May 2005. The ratio of males to females was 0.9:1. By age, patients between 60 and 70 years old were the greatest in number (17.1%), while only 5.9% of the patients were between 10 and 20 years old. The most common cause of infection was odontogenic origin (84.4%), followed by post-extraction infection (6.2%), unknown (5.9%), and trauma (3.5%). The most common fascial space involved was the buccal space (39.4%), followed by the canine (20.6%), submandibular (15.9%), pterygomandibular (9.5%), submental (7.6%) and sublingual (2.8%) space. The number of the involved fascial space was one (75.2%), two (19.8%), or more than three (5.0%). In terms of the treatment duration, the hospitalization period of 6 to 10 days was the greatest in number (49.9%). All patients had uneventful recovery without major complication. There are statistically significant correlations between age and treatment period, and the involved space and treatment period, but no correlations between the variables of sex and treatment.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제44권6호
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• pp.695-700
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• 2011

Age, growth, and maturity of Trichiurus lepturus were estimated based on right-handed sagittal otoliths belonging to 1,031 fish collected from January to December 2007 in the East China Sea. The outer margins of the otolith were examined and showed that an opaque zone was formed once per year. Marginal increments in otoliths formed as annual rings between June and August, at the beginning of the spawning season. Fish growth was expressed by the von Bertalanffy growth equation, as follows: $L_t=494.0$ ($1-e^{-0.2453(t+-0.4822)}$) for females and $L_t=330.4$ ($1-e^{-0.4292(t+0.7513)}$) for males, where $L_t$ is the total length in mm and t is age in years. The growth rates of males and females were significantly different (P<0.05).The age composition ranged mostly between ages 2 and 4, and the oldest individuals were 4 years old in males and 6 years old in females. Finally, the age composition of largehead hairtail was compared with data from the 1970s and is discussed in the context of environmental changes.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.27-31
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• 2013

Background: Neuroplasty using a Racz catheter or epiduroscope and percutaneous endoscopic laser discectomy are performed as treatment for chronic refractory low back and/or lower extremity pain, but they are limited in that they cannot completely remove the causing pathology. Lately, epiduroscopic laser neural decompression (ELND) has been receiving attention as an alternative treatment, but there are insufficient reports of results. Hence we aimed to investigate and report the data in our hospital. Methods: Seventy-seven patients were selected who had received ELND via the anterior and posterior epidural approach through the pain clinic in our hospital from March 2011 to July 2012. Their medical records including age, diagnosis, epiduroscopic findings and degree of symptom relief were investigated. The degree of symptom relief following the procedure was categorized into 5 stages of very good (5), good (4), no change (3), bad (2), and very bad (1) at 2 weeks and 1 month after the procedure. Results: The subjects were 30 males and 47 females. Mean age was 54.6 for males and 59.6 for females, so the overall mean age was 58.1 years old, with the youngest being 23 and the oldest 88 years old. In epiduroscopic images of all patients, more than one situation of herniated disc, fibrous tissue and adhesion, or inflammation was observed. Sixty-seven patients (87.0%) showed symptom relief 2 weeks after the procedure and 63 patients (81.8%) showed relief after 1 month. Conclusions: ELND is considered to be an effective treatment alternative for chronic refractory low back and/or lower extremity pain, including lumbar disc herniation, lumbar spinal stenosis, and failed back surgery syndrome which cannot be alleviated with existing non-invasive conservative treatment.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제37권6호
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• pp.763-768
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• 2010

Purpose: Reconstruction of soft tissue defect using tissue expander can provide better flap which is more similar to surrounding tissue in color, skin texture and hair compared to other methods. Many pediatric patients need reconstruction of soft tissue defect because of giant congenital nevi, congenital or acquired malformations and burn scars. Reconstruction using tissue expander is adequate to minimize dysmorphism in these patients. We intended to assess outcomes of using tissue expander in pediatric patients by retrospective study. Methods: Total cases were 168 of pediatric patients who received soft tissue reconstruction using tissue expander by the same surgeon from February, 1982 to May, 2009. All patients who received soft tissue reconstruction were under 10 years old. Mean age was 4.3 years old, the youngest 13 months, the oldest 8 years. Eightynine cases were male and 79 cases were female. Most common cause was giant hairy nevi (67 cases, 39.9%), secondary cause was burn scar/scar contracture (61 cases, 36.3%). Trunk (38 cases, 22.6%) was most common anatomical location. Results: Soft tissue defects were successfully covered using tissue expander in 149 cases (88.7%) without major complications. There was infection on 8 cases (4.7%) and we treated by adequate antibiotics in these cases. There were tissue expander folding or valve displacement on 5 cases (3%). Conclusion: Usage of tissue expander is useful on pediatric patients because tissue expansion is rapid on children and there are less secondary contractures on operation site than full thickness skin graft. Because of psychological stress due to tissue expander, operation should be performed before school age.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.529-534
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• 1998

1995년 1월부터 12월까지 한국 남서해역 (제주도 부근)에서 매월 어획된 황아귀를 대상으로 연령과 성장을 조사하였다. 연령사정은 척추골을 이용하였다. 황아귀 척추골의 추체에 윤문이 형성되는 시기는 3$\~$4월경으로 산란시기와 거의 일치하였다. 암컷의 연령은 8세까지, 그리고 수컷은 5세까지 나타났다. 추체경 (R)과 전장 (L) 사이에는 암컷의 경우 L=12.7+4.8R, 그리고 수컷의 경우 L=9.8+5.6R의 관계식을 보였다 전장과 체중 (W) 사이에는 암컷의 경우 $W=0.0089L^{3.0311}$, 그리고 수컷의 경우 $W=0.0329L^{2.7752}$의 관계식을 보였다 황아귀의 성장식은 암컷의 경우 $L_t=127.60(1-e^{-0.1228(t+0.3851)})$ 이었으며, 수컷은 $L_t=82.23(1-e^{-0.1832(t+0.6431)})$ 이었다.

• 한국융합학회논문지
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• 제12권10호
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• pp.97-104
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• 2021

본 연구에서는 연령집단별로 지역사회 노인의 대면이름대기 능력, 생성이름대기 능력, 청력장애 수준, 우울 수준에 차이가 있는지, 그리고 이들 간에 어떠한 상관관계가 있는지, 마지막으로 지역사회 노인의 두 가지 이름대기 능력(대면이름대기와 생성이름대기)을 설명하는 요인은 무엇인지 알아보고자 하였다. 노인 65명을 65~74세 연소 노인, 75~84세 고령 노인, 85세 이상 초고령 노인으로 구분하였고, 이들을 대상으로 대면이름대기 검사로는 K-BNT-15를, 생성이름대기 검사로는 동물 이름대기 검사를, 주관적 청력장애의 측정은 K-HHIE를, 주관적 우울 정도 측정은 GDS를 사용하였다. 첫째, 연령 집단에 따라 대면이름대기 능력과 우울 수준에서 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 있었다. 둘째, 연령과 우울 수준, 청력장애 수준과 우울 수준 간에 정적 상관을, 교육 수준과 우울 수준 간에는 부적 상관을 보였다. 셋째, 대면이름대기 점수는 연령이, 생성이름대기 점수는 우울 수준이 설명하는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구의 결과는 노년층의 이름대기 능력, 청력장애 정도, 우울 수준을 연령대별로 세분화하여 살펴보고, 이들이 단순히 노화의 결과가 아니라는 것과, 이를 해결하기 위해서는 다양한 분야에서 보다 융합적인 접근이 필요함을 보여주었다.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.255-265
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• 2009

This study was investigated nutrient intakes and dietary evaluation index of the healthy subjects over 85 of Sunchang County to explore the improved dietary pattern for healthy aging of the elderly. The survey was conducted by personal interview to 161 elderly subjects (59 males and 102 females over 85) in 2006, and their daily dietary intake was assessed by 24-hr recalls and weighing one meal. The daily energy intakes of males were 1,335 ${\pm}$ 67 kcal, and those of females were 1,095 ${\pm}$ 38 kcal comprised of 66.8% and 68.4% of the EER for the age group of 75. The proportions of energy from carbohydrate : protein : lipid were 70.7 : 14.6 : 14.6 for males and 68.6 : 14.0 : 17.4 for females. The average protein intakes were 95.4% for males and 85.0% for females of RI, and the average calcium intakes were 54.3% for males and 43.6% for females of RI. The daily vitamin intakes were below 70% except vitamin A, vitamin $B_6$, and vitamin E. The proportion of the relative risk groups of protein, phosphate, iron and vitamin A ranged 40-49% of RI over 75 year groups. The other nutrient intakes showed that there were over 50% risk groups. Especially for nutrients such as calcium, vitamin $B_1$, vitamin $B_2$, vitamin C, folate and niacin over 70% of the subjects were under risk. The median value of all nutrient intakes did not reach AI. The INQ of nutrients were over 0.8 except for folate and vitamin C. Calcium intakes were relatively low and needed attention. However, the ratio of calcium and phosphate showed 1 : 1.6, which appeared to be superior to the other districts. The DVS were higher as the dietary balance scores, KDDS were higher, and the groups with high KDDS had high intakes of nutrients compared to the groups with low KDDS. The high risk groups as judged by simple nutrition screening test had lower nutrient intakes than the groups of middle risk or low risk groups. The subjects in Sunchang area had relatively low intakes of several nutrients. However, judging from the desirable patterns of the energy proportion from three major nutrients, ratio of calcium and phosphate and INQ of nutrients there is a possibility that extended healthy aging might be related to the quality of nutrients and relative ratio between nutrients. To improve nutrient status of the elderly of the surveyed area further application involving KDDS and DVS appeared to be required.

• 한국노년학
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.811-835
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• 2018

노년기의 사회적 관계와 인지기능은 상호 밀접한 관계가 존재한다. 사회적 관계(social relation)는 구조적 특성과 이에 대한 인지적 정서적 평가를 반영하는 질적 특성으로 구분되며, 최근 노년기의 사회적 관계와 관련하여 사회적 고립(social isolation) 개념이 부각되고 있다. 사회적 고립은 사회연결망, 가구형태, 사회참여 등 객관적 차원과 지각된 사회적 지지에 대한 결핍과 외로움 등 주관적 차원으로 구분되는 다차원적인 이론적 구조를 가진다. 노년기 대인관계갈등 역시 인지기능과 밀접한 관계가 존재한다. 본 연구에서는 사회적 관계의 구조적 특성을 나타내는 객관적 사회적 고립과, 질적 특성을 나타내는 주관적 사회적 고립, 대인관계갈등이 노년기 연령집단별 인지기능에 미치는 주효과와 상호작용효과를 검증하였다. 분석자료는 KSHAP 1차조사부터 3차조사까지 총 1,740명의 패널자료를 활용하여, 무선효과 패널로짓모형을 적용하여 분석하였다. 분석결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 노년기 연령증가에 따라 인지기능 저하는 급격하게 증가하는 경향성이 나타났다. 객관적 주관적 사회적 고립은 모두 80세를 변곡점으로 U자형의 분포가 나타났다. 아울러 배우자, 자녀 친척, 이웃 친구 노년기 연령증가에 따라 대체적으로 감소하는 분포가 나타났다. 둘째, 인지기능저하에 대한 주효과는 객관적 주관적 사회적 고립과 정적으로 유의미하게 나타난 반면, 대인관계갈등 유형은 유의미하게 나타나지 않았다. 셋째, 노년기 인지기능저하에 영향을 미치는 이원상호작용효과 분석결과, 주관적 사회적 고립과 인지기능저하와의 관계는 배우자와의 갈등수준별로 유의미하게 다른 것으로 나타났다. 또한 주관적 사회적 고립을 많이 느낄수록 연소노인(65~74세)에 비해 초고령노인(85세 이상)의 경우 인지기능저하가 급격하게 높아지는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구결과에 기초하여 노년기 연령집단별 인지기능 저하를 감소시키기 위한 정책적 실천적 시사점을 제시하였으며, 연구의 한계점과 추후연구를 위한 제언에 대해 논의하였다.

• 대한관절경학회지
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.180-184
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• 2008

목적: 회전근 개 완전 파열로 관절경적 시술을 받은 환자를 대상으로 나이와 성별에 따른 견관절 동반 병소의 차이를 알아보고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법: 2003년 6월부터 2006년 3월까지 본원 정형외과에서 회전근 개 완전파열로 수술하였던 109명, 109례의 환자들을 대상으로 견관절 동반 병소의 차이를 분석하였다. 성별 분포는 남자 59명, 여자 50명이었고 나이는 최소 24세에서 최고 75세로 평균 53.3세였다. 연령대에 따른 분류는 59세 이하의 환자 군과 60세 이상의 환자 군으로 임의로 분류하였고 분석 대상은 견봉 쇄골 관절염, 상부 관절와 순 병변, 상완 이두근 염의 동반 유무를 Khai-square를 이용하여 통계학적으로 분석하였다. 결과: 전반적으로 견봉 쇄골 관절염은 60세 이상의 환자 군에서 59세 이하 군에 비해 높은 동반율을 보였고 상부 관절와 순 병변은 59세 이하의 환자 군, 특히 남자 환자에서 60세 이상의 환자 군에 비해 높은 동반 비율을 보였다. 결론: 회전근 개 파열의 진단 및 치료를 함에 있어 연령대에 따른 견관절 동반 병소를 고려하여야 하며, 특히 젊은 남자환자에서는 상부 관절와 순 병변, 고령의 환자에서 견봉 쇄골 관절염의 동반 유무를 반드시 확인하여야겠다.