• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.333-340
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• 2004

In this study, thermochemical degradation by pyrolysis-liquefaction of cellulose, the effects of reaction time, reaction temperature, conversion yield, degradation properties and degradation products were investigated . Experiments were performed in a tube reactor by varying reaction time from 20 to 80 min at $200{\sim}500^\circ{C}$. Combustion heating value of liquid products from thermochemical conversion processes of cellulose was in the range of 6,920~6,960cal/g. After 40min of reaction at $400^\circ{C}$ in pyrolysis-liquefaction of cellulose, the energy yield and mass yield was as high as 54.3% and 34.0g oil/100g raw material, respectively. The liquid products from pyrolysis-liquefaction of cellulose contained various kinds of ketones, phenols and furans. ketones and furans could be used as high-octane-value fuels and fuel additives. However, phenols are not valuable as fuels.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.53-62
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• 2004

The aim of this study was to predict the energy value and dynamic degradation of roughage in Taiwan using the $Daisy^{(R)}$. in vitro fermentation method to provide information on one of the very important nutrients for ration formulation. The second objective was to study the effects of Aspergillus oryzae (AFE) inclusion on nutrient utilization. Three ruminal fistulated dry dairy cows were used for rumen fluid and fifteen conventional forages used in dairy cattle were collected around this island. The degradability of these feedstuffs with and without AFE ($Amaferm^{(R)}$.) treatment was measured using the $Daisy^{(R)}$. in vitro method. The roughage energy values, including TDN and NEL, were calculated according to Robinson (2000). Results from the 30 h in vitro neutral detergent fiber (NDF) degradability and predicted energy evaluations showed that alfalfa (among the forages) contained the highest degradability and energy values, Bermuda straw having the lowest. Peanut vines and corn silage contained higher energy values and the lowest value found in Pangola and Napier grasses among the locally produced forages. Pangola and Napier grasses had lower values than most imported forages except Bermuda straw. Among the by-products, wheat middling contained the highest NDF degradability, while rice bran contained the richest energy value due to its high oil content. From the dynamic dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), acid detergent fiber (ADF) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) degradation, corn silage contained the highest effective degradation among the local forages; wheat middling (among the by-products) degraded the fastest in DM, OM, ADF and NDF and showed the highest effective degradability. AFE inclusion was inconsistent among the forages. Alfalfa hay showed significantly increased 30 h NDF degradability and energy values, Pangola hay, Napier grass and brewer's grains showed decreased degradability and energy values. AFE inclusion increased the DM, OM and NDF degradation rate in most forage, but only increased the DM degradation rate in sorghum distiller's grains, the OM degradation rate in bean curd pomace and the NDF and ADF degradation rates in soy pomace (among the by-products).

• 생명과학회지
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• 제21권11호
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• pp.1511-1517
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• 2011

페난스렌은 다환방향족 탄화수소의 일종으로서 미량으로도 인체에 강한 해를 미칠 수 있는 주요 환경오염 물질이다. 미생물을 이용한 페난스렌 제거 목적으로 중국 쑤저우(Suzhou) 지역의 유류 오염토양에서 페난스렌을 강력하게 분해하는 세균을 분리하였다. 16S rDNA 염기서열 결정에 의하여 이 세균은 Sphingobacterium sp. SW-09로 동정되었으며 PCR 증폭을 통하여 페난스렌 분해 유전자인 nahH를 가지고 있음이 확인되었다. 이전의 연구에서 포천일대의 군부대에서 분리된 강력한 페난스렌 분해세균인 Staphylococcus sp. KW-07과 이번에 분리된 Sphingobacterium sp. SW-09을 이용하여 이들의 페난스렌 분해능을 비교분석하였다. 그 결과, 쑤저우 지역에서 분리된 Sphingobacterium sp. SW-09이 최소배지와 실제토양에서 모두 Staphylococcus sp. KW-07보다 강하게 페난스렌을 분해하는 것으로 나타났다. 결과적으로 이번에 분리된 Sphingobacterium sp. SW-09을 사용하여 유류 오염토양의 환경정화에 사용할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국연초학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.102-108
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• 2004

The present study was carried out to compare the composition of major essential oil components in the flue-cured tobacco produced by Korea, America, China, Brazil and Zimbabwe. Above 100 essential oil components were separated by GC and major 18 components of them, known to be important contributors to flue-cured tobacco flavor and smoke taste, were identified by GC/MS. Neophytadiene was major in quantities in the oils mostly and its composition in flue-cured tobacco produced by Korea, America, Zimbabwe, Brazil, and Unnam and Yenji region of China was 26.82\%,\;25.17\%,\;26.50\%,\;16.92\%,\;and\;18.75\%\;and\;14.87\%$, respectively. Megastigmatrienone, one of the major tobacco carotenoid degradation products was contained above $10\%$ in the oils of flue-cured tobacco produced by Korea and America, but, it was comprised about $5.66\%$ to 8.00 in Brazil, Zimbabwe, and Unnam and Yenji region of China. Damascenone is important to the aroma of tobacco as a crotenoid degradation products. Its amount in the oils was $3.31\%\;in\;Brazil,\;3.13\%\;in\;America,\;2.57\%\;in\;Zimbabwe,\;2.54%$ in Yenji of China, $2.00\%$ in Korea and $1.85\%$ in Unnam of China. These results can furnish the basic information capable of evaluating the quality value of flue-cured tobacco produced by various nations.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제30권10호
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• pp.1567-1573
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• 2020

Ultraviolet (UV) is one of the major factors harmful to skin health. Irradiation with ultraviolet accelerates the decline of skin function, causing the skin to have deep wrinkles, dryness, decreased procollagen production, and degradation of collagen. Novel materials are needed to prevent the aging of the skin by blocking the effects of UV. Safflower seed oil (Charthamus tinctorius L., SSO) contains significantly high levels of unsaturated fatty acids and phytochemicals. SSO has been traditionally used in China, Japan, and Korea to improve skin and hair. Our objective in this study was to determine the effect of SSO and its active compound acacetin on UVB-induced skin photoaging in HaCaT cells and human dermal fibroblasts (HDF). SSO inhibited UVB-induced matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) at both protein and mRNA levels in HaCaT cells and HDF. MMP-1 is known to play important roles in collagen degradation and wrinkle formation. Acacetin, a type of flavonoid, is present in SSO. Similar to SSO, acacetin also inhibited UVB-induced MMP-1 protein and mRNA levels in HaCaT cells and HDF. MMP-1 mRNA is primarily regulated by the mitogen-activated kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway. Acacetin regulated the phosphorylation of JNK1/2 and c-jun, but did not inhibit the phosphorylation of ERK1/2, p38 and AKT. Taken together, these results indicate that SSO and its active compound acacetin can prevent UVB-induced MMP-1 expression, which leads to skin photoaging, and may therefore have therapeutic potential as an anti-wrinkle agent to improve skin health.

• International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.507-528
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• 2014

In the ship and offshore structure design, age-related problems such as corrosion damage, local denting, and fatigue damage are important factors to be considered in building a reliable structure as they have a significant influence on the residual structural capacity. In shipping, corrosion addition methods are widely adopted in structural design to prevent structural capacity degradation. The present study focuses on the historical trend of corrosion addition rules for ship structural design and investigates their effects on the ultimate strength performance such as hull girder and stiffened panel of double hull oil tankers. Three types of rules based on corrosion addition models, namely historic corrosion rules (pre-CSR), Common Structural Rules (CSR), and harmonised Common Structural Rules (CSR-H) are considered and compared with two other corrosion models namely UGS model, suggested by the Union of Greek Shipowners (UGS), and Time-Dependent Corrosion Wastage Model (TDCWM). To identify the general trend in the effects of corrosion damage on the ultimate longitudinal strength performance, the corrosion addition rules are applied to four representative sizes of double hull oil tankers namely Panamax, Aframax, Suezmax, and VLCC. The results are helpful in understanding the trend of corrosion additions for tanker structures.

• 한국산업융합학회 논문집
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.95-102
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• 2013

It is indispensable to modern society metal processing since the industrialized rapidly, but it is a metalworking cutting fluid immediately. In addition, this means selecting a emulsion on the basis of quality criteria processing method, the material of the material, cutting depth, cutting speed, Djourou fence Liang, and surface roughness, cutting oil, the shape of the device based on the emulsion, I will be the structure of the tank, filtration equipment also changes. In particular, acting bacteria is now breeding in response to the passage of time due to metal ion degradation due to heat generated hydraulic fluid leakage, humidity tung, during processing, seep from processing material at the time of processing the water-soluble cutting oil for generating the malodor by dropping significantly the performance of the cutting oil to corruption from, sometimes by introducing various additives to suppress spoilage in advance. In this study, we expect the effect of the cost reduction in the extension of fluid replacement cycle through the application of the management apparatus and deep understanding in the management of cutting fluid, the working environment through the understanding and interest of workers in the production site more than anything I try to become useful for the improvement.

• 자원리싸이클링
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• 제17권6호
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• pp.62-67
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• 2008

오일셰일은 유기물질인 케로젠을 함유한 암석으로 레토르팅을 통하여 암석 내부의 케로젠을 오일로 회수할 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 미국과 러시아산 오일셰일 시료에 대한 물성을 분석하고 레토르팅 실험을 수행함으로써 대체 원유로서의 활용가능성을 평가하였다. 열중량 분석 결과, 오일셰일은 케로젠 분해로 인한 유기물 배출과 $CaCO_3$ 분해로 인한 $CO_2$ 배출의 두 단계 열분해 과정을 거치는 것으로 조사되었다. 오일셰일 내 유기물은 수소/탄소비가 높아 레토르팅을 통하여 액체연료로 쉽게 회수할 수 있으며 Fischer assay 레토르팅에 의한 오일 회수율은 미국산이 12.7%, 러시아산이 18.5% 정도였다. 미국 및 러시아산 오일셰일로부터 회수한 셰일오일은 비중 및 비점이 재래형 원유보다 높아 정유시설 투입을 위해서 추가 업그레이딩 공정이 필요하지만 유황분 함량이 낮을뿐 아니라 바나듐과 니켈 등의 촉매독 성분이 미량이어서 후속 정제공정에 드는 비용은 적을 것으로 예상된다. 회수된 오일에 대하여 GC/MS 분석을 수행한 결과 미국산 세일오일은 파라핀 성분이 다량 존재하였고, 러시아산 세일오일은 주로 산소가 포함된 유기화합물이 많이 함유되어 있음을 알 수 있었다.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제44권1호
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• pp.22-28
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• 2008

본 실험은 생분해가 어려운 절삭유를 단일 균주에 의해 생물학적 처리를 하는 데에 목적이 있다. 절삭유, 절삭폐유로부터 호기 균주 81개를 분리하여 이중 절삭유 분해능이 가장 높은 균주로, 48시간 내에 90.4%를 제거한(초기농도 699.1 mg/L) KS47을 선별하였다. KS47은 형태학적, 생리 화학적, 16S rDNA 염기서열, 그리고 지방산 분석을 통해 Pseudomonas aeruginosa로 동정되었다. P. aeruginosa KS47은 절삭유를 탄소원으로 사용하여 성장 할 수 있었으며, 절삭유 분해시, 최적 분해 조건은 1.5 g/L(wet weight), pH 7.0, $30^{\circ}C$이었다. 최적 조건 하에서 절삭유의 제거능을 본 결과, 1,060 mg/L의 절삭유를 12시간 내에 83.7% 제거함을 확인하였다.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.113-120
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• 2017

Purpose: Lipid autoxidation of a soybean oil-in-water emulsion with high oil content was studied under after basil extract and/or iron addition. Methods: The emulsion consisted of tocopherol-stripped soybean oil (40 g), citrate buffer (60 g, pH 4.0), and/or $FeSO_4$ (0.5 mg) with 75% ethanol extract (200 mg/kg) of basil (Ocimum basilicum). Lipid oxidation was evaluated using headspace oxygen content, hydroperoxide contents, and p-anisidne values of the emulsion. Polyphenol compound retention in the emulsion during oxidation was determined spectrophotometrically. Results: Addition of basil extract significantly (p<0.05) decreased reduced hydroperoxide contents of the emulsion, and iron significantly (p<0.05) increased anisidine values and decreased oxygen contents. Co-addition of basil extract and iron showed significantly (p<0.05) lower reduced hydroperoxide contents in the emulsion than compared to those of the emulsion with added iron and the control emulsion without basil extract nor or iron. During the emulsion oxidation, polyphenol compounds in the emulsion with added basil extract were degraded, but more slowlywhich was slowed degraded in the presence of iron. Conclusion: The iIron increased the lipid oxidation through hydroperoxide decomposition, and basil extract showed antioxidant activity through radical-scavenging and iron-chelation. Polyphenol degradation was decelerated by iron addition, which suggested suggests iron chelation may be more preferred topreferentially activated over radical scavenging in the antioxidant action by of basil extract in the oil-in-water emulsion with high oil content.