• 청정기술
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.70-76
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• 2018

오거 반응기를 이용하여 해조류 바이오매스인 다시마로부터 열분해 오일 제조 실험을 수행하였으며, 열분해 오일의 물리화학적 특성을 살펴보았다. 주요 공정 변수인 열분해 온도 및 오거 컨베이어 속도의 최적 조건은 각각 $412^{\circ}C$, 20 rpm이었으며, 이 때 열분해 오일의 최대 수율은 32 wt%이었다. 낮은 탄소 함량 및 높은 산소 함량으로 인해, 다시마 유래 열분해 오일의 발열량($23.6MJ\;kg^{-1}$)은 기존 화석연료의 약 60% 이었다. 열분해 오일의 GC/MS 분석 결과, 1,4-Anhydro-d-galactitol, dianhydromannitol, 1-hydroxy 2-propanone, isosorbide 등이 주요 화합물로 확인되었다. 촤는 탄소 함량이 낮고 산소함량이 높아 발열량($13.0MJ\;kg^{-1}$)이 낮으며 다량의 무기 성분 및 황을 포함하고 있는 것으로 확인되었다.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제37권6호
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• pp.585-599
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• 2009

본 연구는 수목으로부터 분리된 수용성 정유를 이용하여 버섯에 병해를 일으키는 푸른곰팡이병의 원인 미생물인 Trichoderma에 대한 항균활성을 확인하고자 시도되었다. 소나무(Pinus densiflora)와 편백나무(Chamaecyparis obtusa) 잎으로부터 GAP (Gas assisted process)을 이용하여 수용성 정유를 획득하였다. 버섯의 푸른 곰팡이병을 발생시키는 Trichoderma spp. 곰팡이 5종은 $25^{\circ}C$에서 균사생장이 가장 높았으며, pH 5.0의 배지조건에서 가장 양호한 균사 생장을 나타내었다. 소나무와 편백나무 잎의 수용성 정유는 3.9% 및 3.7%의 수율을 나타내었다. 소나무와 편백나무 잎 정유의 화학적 조성은 동일 화합물이 많았으며, 동일 화합물로는 $\alpha$-Terpineol acetate, Terpinen-4-ol 및 $\alpha$-Terpineol이 확인되었다. 소나무 잎의 수용성 정유는 5000 ppm 농도에서 Trichoderma harzianum에 대하여 가장 높은 항균활성을 나타냈으며, 편백나무 잎의 수용성 정유 또한 5000 ppm 농도에서 Trichoderma atroviride에 대하여 가장 높은 항균활성을 나타내었다.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제17권10호
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• pp.1139-1146
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• 2008

To investigate the functional properties and the antioxidant effect of pine needle(Pinus densiflora), the pine needle extract was obtained with methanol and its functionality was measured by spectrophotometric method, and the antioxidant experiment on soybean oil was carried out by the active oxygen method. The extraction yield of pine needle with 99% methanol was about 19%, the total flavonoid content of the pine needle-methanol extract was 11.32 mg/g on dry basis and the superoxide dismutase-like activity was 94.3%. The nitrite scavenging ability of the extract was pH dependent with the values of 77.44% at pH 1.2, 48.45% at pH 3.0 and 11.04% at pH 6.0, respectively. The peroxide value was 92.6 meq/kg at 5% dosage, 138.4 meq/kg at 2% dosage of the extract on 8 oxidation days. The period of the peroxide value to be 100 mg/kg was 4.9, 6.3 and 8.5 days at control, 2% and 5% dosage of extract, respectively. And the relative antioxidant effectiveness of the extract was 27.9% and 72.3% increase at 2% and 5% dosage, respectively, compared to control. The thiobarbituric acid value showed few differences within 4 oxidation days, but with the dosage of the extract it fairly decreased with considerable antioxidant effect to control above 4 days.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.167-171
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• 2002

Candida sp. SY16의 휴식세포를 이용하여 탄소원만 포함되 있는 증류수로부터 많은 양의 생물계면활성제(mannosylerythritol lipid: MEL)를 생산할 수 있었다. 플라스크를 이용한 생산반응의 경우, 20 g/l의 휴식세포를 75g/1의 soybean oil이 포함되있고, pH는 4~5범위에서 반응할 때, 가장 높은 생산수율을 얻을 수 있었으며, 높은 농도($PO_4$-P 농도 198 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml 이상)의 인은 MEL 생산을 저해하는 것으로 나타났다. 최적화된 조건으로 jar fermentor를 이용하여 휴식세포를 반응한 경우 생물계면활성제를 120 h 반응 후, 58 g/l로 얻을 수 있었으며, 그 생산성은 성장세포를 이용한 회분식 발효의 경우보다 높았고, 배양시간도 단축시킬 수 있었다.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.19-25
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• 2006

Flesh wasters from tannery create major environmental problems. Despite their considerable fat content, these waster do not find important usage. Their disposal is also troublesome and costly. We have investigated the possible use of this fat as the production of biodiesel(fatty acid methyl esters) by transesterification using with fossil fuels. The fat released the waste by boiling water under the optimal condition (i.e., temperature, $120^{\circ}C;$ decompression, 200mbar) and used to dry without refining for the production of fatty acid methyl esters. Under the optimal condition, the experimental value of biodiesel yield was about 96%. The result of the chemical and GC analysis showed fatty acid composition and characteristics of biodiesel. Evaluation of the product indicated that it was suitable for use as a biodiesel fuel. In result of this experiment oil extract from fleshing process can be transformed into an environmentally affination fuel, to provide economical and ecological profits.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제62권1호
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• pp.7-13
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• 2018

The potential of zinc fluorides with different molar ratios of Zn/F was applied as a solid catalyst in the simultaneous reaction of transesterification and esterification of crude palm oil (CPO) for biodiesel production. These materials were prepared by the fluorolytic sol-gel technique with different fluorine contents. The resulting samples were investigated using elemental analysis, XRD, FT-IR, TG/DTG, $N_2$ physisorption measurements and SEM. The results exhibited that the presence of fluorine strongly affected the catalytic activity in the biodiesel production. The catalysts with smaller fluorine contents (${\leq}1$) showed the best performance in all of the observed samples, yields from 92.94 to 89.95, 87.38 and 85.21% with increasing fluorine contents, respectively. The yield toward the formation of biodiesel depended on the phase and particle sizes of catalysts, but it was not influenced by surface area, pore size, and volume of the samples. The recovered catalyst showed a gradual decrease in activity over three cycles of same reactions.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2002년도 학술대회지
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• pp.321-324
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• 2002

Hydraulic valve control the pressure and the How of fluid by the hydraulic oil transfered from pump but the ER fluid consists of solid particles of micrometer in size and insulating oil so in the general hydraulic valve. We invented ER-Valve using ER fluid as working fluid. The ER fluid, working fluid of ER-Valve is a functional fluid to represent the feature of fluid according to strength of electric field. In this research we made our own 4 types of plate type ER-Valve which has same surface but different width and length and then we conducted performance test. We measured flow rate and pressure drop of fluid which is flowing in the ER-Valve according to the electric field strength to conduct this test. We modeling ER-Valve relating to ER-Valve system and yield shear stress according to the strength of electric field. We used the pressure drop according to the strength of electric field by differential pressure gauge in the our own made ER-Valve. This test reviewed experimental the special changes of ER-Fluid in the steady flow condition.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.80-84
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• 1991

Lignocellulosic biomass including acetosolv ricestraw and spruce lignin were liquefied and converted into liquid hydrocarbons by catalytic hydroliquefaction reaction. These experimental works were carried out in 1-liter-capacity autoclave using 50% tetralin and m-cresol solution respectively as soluble solvent and Ni. Pd. Fe and red mud as catalyst. $H_2$ gas was supplied into the reactor for escaltion of deoxhydroenolysis reaction. Catalyst concentrations were 1 % of raw material based on weight. The ratio between raw materials and soluble solvent are 1g and 10cc. The reaction conditions are 400-$700^{\circ}C$ of reaction temperature, 10-50 atms of reaction pressure. The highest yield of hydrocarbon, so called "product oil" showed 32% and 5.5% of lowest char formation when red mud was used as catalyst. The product oil yields from those of other catalysts were in the range of 20-29%. The influence of different initial hydrogen pressures was examined in the range d 30-50 atms. A minimum pressure of 35 atms was necessary to obtain a complete recovery of souble solvent for recycling.

• 폴리머
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• 제24권5호
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• pp.621-628
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• 2000

폴리프로필렌 다공성 분리막은 산, 알칼리에 대한 내화학성이 좋고, 기계적 성질이 우수하며 높은 열적 안정성을 가지고 있으나, 막의 소수성 때문에 일부 영역에만 사용이 제한되고 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 소수성 막의 성능을 향상시키기 위해서 방사선 조사에 의한 그라프트 중합법을 사용하여, 친수성 작용기 (-COOH, -OH)를 갖는 acrylic acid (AAc)와 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (MEMA)를 도입하였다. 이때 반응시간, 반응온도, 조사량, 간의 첨가 효과, 팽윤현상에 의한 그라프트율의 변화를 조사하였다. 분리막의 기공크기를 분석하는 방법으로 행한 가스투과 실험에서 단량체의 종류와 관계없이 그라프트가 증가함에 따라 가스 투과속도가 감소함을 보였고, 오일 에멀젼 투과실험에서 미개질 폴리프로필렌 막의 오염현상은 크게 발생하였으나, 그라프트 중합 후, 높은 투과속도를 유지하여 막의 친수화 효과가 큰 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제36권6호
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• pp.744-751
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• 2016

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of partial beef fat replacement (0, 30, 50, 100%) with gelled emulsion (GE) prepared with olive oil on functional and quality properties of model system meat emulsion (MSME). GE consisted of inulin and gelatin as gelling agent and characteristics of gelled and model system meat emulsions were investigated. GE showed good initial stability against centrifugation forces and thermal stability at different temperatures. GE addition decreased the pH with respect to increase in GE concentration. Addition of GE increased lightness and yellowness but reduced redness compared to control samples. The results of the study showed that partial replacement of beef fat with GE could be used for improving cooking yield without negative effects on water holding capacity and emulsion stability compared to C samples when replacement level is up to 50%. The presence of GE significantly affected textural behaviors of samples (p<0.05). In conclusion, our study showed that GE have promising impacts on developing healthier meat product formulations besides improving technological characteristics.