• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.71-81
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• 2019

This research was conducted to improve availability of agricultural by-products, national natural resources that could be used as fertilizer source, by estimating the amount of production and collecting main contents of fertilizer substances from previous studies and data, in order to be used as basic data to investigate national resources that could be used as alternatives for imported oil-cakes in the future. Conversion factor was used to estimate annual production of agricultural by-products for main 34 crop types in 2018. For total agricultural by-products, rice straws accounted at 50.3% for the highest proportion, followed by 8.7% of rice husks, showing that by-products from rice harvest accounted at 59.0% for all by-products. Further, there were listed the contents of fertilizer substances (nitrogen, phosphoric acid, potash) in 40 types of by-products from agricultural areas. The average contents of nitrogen, phosphoric acid, and potash in agricultural by-products were 1.43%, 0.59%, and 1.90%, respectively. As a result of estimating the annual nitrogen supply amount from 26 agricultural by-products in 2018, it was found that it could supply 44,911 tons of nitrogen. The investigated by-products contained fertilizer substances such as nitrogen, phosphoric acid, and potash, but the contents were lower compared to castor oil-cake used as main component of organic fertilizer. Therefore, resource management plan needs to be established for efficient use of by-products because time, location, and nutrient content of agricultural by-product production were extremely different. Research on fertilizer and manure using agricultural by-products need to be conducted to develop and distribute alternatives for imported oil-cakes.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.6 no.3 s.12
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• pp.25-32
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• 1990

In this study, the cis to trans isomerization of unsaturated fatty acids were investigated about Soybean oil (SBO), Corn germ oil (CGO), Cottonseed oil (CSO), Margarine (MG), Shortening (ST) incubated at $40{\pm}2^{\circ}C$ for 35 days and heated at $185{\pm}2^{\circ}C$ for 24 hours. The contents and kinds of trans fatty acids in each sample were determined by GLC after seperating by HPLC. The results were obtained as follows; 1. When samples were incubated at $40{\pm}2^{\circ}C$ for 35 days, the contents of total trans fatty acids were increased from $0.5{\sim}12.3%$ to $0.8{\sim}20.5%$. The kinds of trans fatty acids found were $t-C_{18:1},\;t,c-C_{18:2},\;t,t-C_{18:2},\;t,c,c-C_{18:3}$ in $SBO,\;t-C_{18:1},\;t,c-C_{18:2}$ in $CGO,\;t-C_{16:1},\;t-C_{18:1},\;t,c-C_{18:2},\;t,t-C_{18:2}$ in CSO. Processed oil such as MG and ST showed more complicated composition of trans fatty acids than SBO, CGO and CSO. $t-C_{18:1},\;t,c-C_{18:2},\;t,t-C_{18:2},\;t,c,t-C_{18:3},\;t-C_{20:1}$ were detected in ST. 2. In the case of heating at $185{\pm}2^{\circ}C$ for 24 hours, the contents of total trans fatty acid were $1.6{\sim}37%$. 2% in all samples. Heating made more remarkable isomerization than incubation $(40{\pm}2^{\circ}C)$. Specially, $c,c,t-C_{18:3}$ in $SBO,\;t,t,t-C_{18:3}$ in $MG,\;t,c,t-C_{18:3},\;t,t,t-C_{18:3}$ in ST were detected. 3. The total contents of trans fatty acids of processed oil were higher than vegetable oils. During incubation, trans fatty acids increased in the order of MG>ST>CGO>SBO>CSO, and during heat treatment, MG>ST>SBO>CGO>CSO.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.37 no.5
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• pp.403-409
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• 2000

The permeation characteristics and reclamation efficiency of waste lubricating oil were studied as a function of the types of ceramic composite membranes and the membrane separation process variables. The oil permeability of the TiO2 composite membrane(pore size 0.015 $\mu\textrm{m}$) was directly proportional to the crossflow velocity(0.22∼0.9 m/s) and temperature(150$^{\circ}C$∼200$^{\circ}C$). In the batch concentration process, as the concentration factor increased, both the permeability and the ash content of the permeate decreased. The average ash contents of the total permeate through the A6 alumina membrane(average pore size 0.8$\mu\textrm{m}$), Z1/A6 and Z1/A4(pore size 0.23$\mu\textrm{m}$)/A7(pore size 6$\mu\textrm{m}$) zirconia composite membrances(average pore size 0.07$\mu\textrm{m}$) were about 0.063 wt%, 0.045wt% and 0.08wt% in the region of 1∼2 concentration factor, respectively. The ash content of the mixed permeate through the A6 alumina and zirconia composite membrane was about 0.06 wt% and it can be also reduced to 0.06 wt% in the Z1/A6 membrane and below 0.003 wt% in the TiO2/Z1/A6 membrane. It was concluded that the treated oil obtained from the multi-step membrane separation process could be used as reclaimed lubricating oil as well as reclained fuel oil.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.287-293
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• 1997

This study was investigated to viscosity, color, chemical properties, and lipid and fatty acid composition for examination of physical and chemical characteristics of sesame oils. Yield of sesame oil was higher in Ansan sesame than that of Chinese and Dambaek sesame. Viscosity of sesame oils was higher than that of shame oils from Dambaek and Chinese sesame, but turbidity and sedimentation rate were higher in Dambaek's sesame oil than those of Ansan's and Chinese sesame oils. In the acid value, saponification value and iodine value of sesame oils, and chemical characteristics of Dambaek's sesame oil were better than those of the others. The neutral, glycolipid and phosholipid contents of sesame oils were 91.1∼92.1, 2.5∼3.5 and 5.5∼6.4%, respectively. The major fatty acids of sesame oils were oleic, linoleic palmitic and stearic acid. The content of oleic acid was higher in Dambaek's and Ansan's sesame oil than that of Chinese sesame oil, and the content of linoleic acid was higher in Chinese sesame oil than the others. The fatty acid composition of neutral lipid, glycolipid and phospholipid were similar to those of total lipid. The ratio of unsaturated fatty acid and saturated fatty acid was higher in Korean sesame oils than those in Chinese sesame oil. The mineral(Mg, Cu, Fe, In, Al, Mn) content of Korean sesame oils was higher than that of Chinese sesame oil. and heavy metals(Cu, Ag, Pb, Cd, As) were not detected.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.55-59
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• 1993

Essential oil components and contents were investigated at different growth stages and organs of Schizonepeta tenuifolia Briquet. The content of essential oil different by growth stages and organs and the amount of essential oil at leaf was higher than any other organ. The content of essential oil at leaf and spica were increased by long growth period. The d-menthone and l-pulegone were maj or components of essential oil and contain 51-76% of total essential oil at leaf and spica. In the early stage leaf. l-pulegone was major component of essential oil but d-menthone was major components in the late stage leaf.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.165-171
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• 2002

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary lipid sources on survival, growth anc body composition of snail (Semisu1cospira gottschei). Three replicate groups of snail (average weighing 152mg) were fed the diets containing different lipid sources such as lauric acid (LA), squid liver oil (SO), linseed oil (LO), corn oil (CO), SO+ LO, SO+CO, LO+CO and SO+LO+CO for 8 weeks. Survival was not affected by dietary lipid sources (p>0.05). Weight gain of snail fed the SO, SO+LO and SO+LO+CO diets was significantly higher than that of snail fed the LA and LO diets (P<0.05), and the lowest weight gain was observed in snail fed the LA diet (P<0.05). No significant difference was found in crude lipid content of edible portion in snail fed the different diets (P>0.005). Contents of 12:0, 18:2n­6, 18:3n-3 and 20:5n-3 from snail fed the LA, CO, LO and SO diets were higher than those from snail fed the other diets, respectively (p<0.05). The highest 22:6n-3 content was observed in snail fed the SO+ LO but was not significantly different from that of snail fed the SO, SO+CO and SO+LO+CO diets (p>0.05). The n-6 highly unsaturated fatty acids such as 20:4n-6 and 22:4n-6 contents of snail were not affected by dietary lipid sources (p>0.05). These results suggested that squid liver oil and mixture of squid liver oil and linseed and/or corn oil are good dietary lipid sources for the normal growth of snail. However lauric acid may not be a good lipid source for snail diet.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.217-236
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• 1999

Among polyunsaturated fatty acids (PURAs) targeted for manipulation in animal tissues (poultry eggs and meat), omega-3 PUFAs(n-3 PUFAs) are discussed in this review. 3 or 5% dietary menhaden oil (MO) supplemented layer diets was reported to increase docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) contents in the egg. MO at 1.5% also increased the deposition of up to 180mg total omega-3 fatty acids / yolk. Utilization of 5% ground flax seed (FS) resulted in similar total omega-3 fatty acid (FA) deposition as 1.5% MO. However, the basic feed formulations used in the Canadian feed industry usually include 10 to 20% FS in the egg laying diets. Recently several studies reported that addition of tocopherols in layer diets increased the tocopherol content more in the egg than any other tissue. One of reports said that 3.5% dietary oil with added tocopherols resulted in increasing tocopherol deposition and FA composition of the egg and other tissues. In the poultry meat, redfish meal (RM;4, 8, 12, 15 and 30% of diet) or redfish oil (RO;2.1 or 4.2% of diet) added to the practical corn-wheat-soybean based diets resulted in an increase in omega-3 FA and docosapentaenoic acid (DPA) contents in broiler meat lipids. Linseed oil (LO;1.0, 2.5, and 5.0% of broiler diet) supplemented in broiler diets also resulted in omega-3 FA and the ratio of omega-6 being significantly higher in poultry meat lipid than MO. Concern about fish flavor resulted in research about fish oil (FO) supplementation in broiler diets. Without the use of antioxidants, no more than 1.5% FO should be fed to broilers due to unacceptable orders from the chicken carcasses. One recent research project found that over 50mg/kg of vitamin E was required for maintaining the stability of unsaturated lipids in the meat. In regards to 'fishy'or 'crabby'taint in the eggs and poultry meat, poultry products remained acceptable when dietary fish oils were stabilized with antioxidants.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.8-13
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• 2012

Effects of UV irradiation on lipid oxidation in perilla seeds and perilla oil were evaluated by determining the contents of peroxides, conjugated dienoic acids, and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, and analyzing fatty acid composition. Tocopherols and polyphenol contents were also determined. Perilla seeds were unroasted or roasted at $180^{\circ}C$ for 20 min, and perilla oil was obtained by pressing the roasted perilla seeds. Lipid oxidation during UV irradiation was higher and faster in perilla oil than that in perilla seeds, with a slight loss of linolenic acid. Unroasted perilla seeds were more oxidation-stable than roasted seeds. Tocopherols and polyphenols were degraded during UV irradiation, with a higher degradation rate observed in unroasted perilla seeds than in roasted ones. Antioxidant concentration dependency of the lipid oxidation during UV irradiation was higher in perilla oil than that in perilla seeds, and the contribution of polyphenols to oxidative stability was higher than that of tocopherols in all samples.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.42 no.6
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• pp.814-820
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• 1997

This study was conducted to establish standard fertilization rates for the cultivation of Korean valerian(Valeriana fauriei var. dasycarpa Hara) which is useful for medicinal and aromatic resources. Nitrogen, phosphate and potassium were treated with four application levels, 0, 6, 9, 12kg per 10a, and the growth characteristics, root yield and essential oil compositions of valerian were measured. The growth and root yield of valerian were the highest in the rate of 9kg per 10a for nitrogen, phosphate and potassium, respectively. Nitrogen had the most powerful effective followed by potassium and phosphate. The contents and compositions of essential oil also varied with the amount of fertilization. The contents of the essential oil was the highest in the application level of 9kg per 10a for nitrogen, phosphate and potassium, respectively. The essential oil compositions were affected by the fertilization rate.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.150-155
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• 1999

The possibility of grape seeds as industrial resources was tested by analyzing various chemical proper-ties of their oils from seven different species. The range of crude oil content of the grape seeds was 26.0-32.0% showing the highest content in Steuden, Mean individual fatty acid contents in the grape seeds were lioleic (70.75%) oleic (18.48%) stearic (2.01%) and palmitic (8.45%) acids. Stearic acid was low in Jingyu and high oleic acid was found in Fugiminori compared with other grape strains. Total lipirds were consisted of nutral lipid (87.25%) glycolipid(4.68%) and phospholipid *8.06%) Content of crude proteins was approximatery 11.2% with some variation between strains. Total sugar content was 2.35~5.63$\mu$g/mg with reducing sugar 3.20$\mu$g/mg. Mean saponification value of crude oils was 186.3mg.KOH.oil Antioxidant activity of grape seed oils was better than that of sesame oil resulting in the hi-oils and sesame oil after heat treatment at 18$0^{\circ}C$.