• Journal of ILASS-Korea
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.122-130
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• 2009

Vegetable oil and its derivatives as an alternative diesel fuel have become more attractive recently because of its environmental benefits and the fact that they are made from renewable resources. Viscosity is the most significant property to affect the utilization of vegetable oil and its derivatives in the compression ignition engines. This paper presents the existing correlations for predicting the viscosity of vegetable oil and its derivatives for compression ignition engines. According to the parameter considered in the correlations, the empirical correlations can be divided into six groups: correlations as a function of temperature, of proportion, of composition, of temperature and composition, of temperature and proportion, and of fuel properties. Out of physical properties of fuel, there exist in the literature several parameters for giving the influence on kinematic viscosity such as density, specific gravity, the ratio of iodine value over the saponification value, higher heating value, flash point and pressure. The study for the verification of applicability of existing correlations to non-edible vegetable oil and its derivatives is required.

• Journal of ILASS-Korea
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.15-26
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• 2011

In this article, spray characteristics in CI engines fuelled with vegetable oils and its derivatives will be reviewed. Of edible vegetable oils, soybean oil and rapeseed oil were mainly investigated. Of inedible vegetable oils, jatropha oil and used frying oil were main concern on the research on the spray characteristics in CI engine. Spray angle and spray penetration were mainly examined among the macroscopic spray characteristics and Sauter mean diameter was only investigated among the microscopic spray characteristics. There exist six different definitions of spray angle which should be examined. Neat vegetable oil and biodiesel fuels show smaller spray angle than diesel fuel. Biodiesel fuel and vegetable oils and its blend have a longer spray penetration than diesel fuel. However, biodiesel blends with diesel shows the similar spray penetration with diesel fuel. SMDs in the biodiesel spray, vegetable oils and its blends spray are higher than that in the diesel spray.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.89-92
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• 2002

Allylthio group of the sulfur compounds of garlic oil plays an important role for prevention and treatment of hepatic diseases induced by toxic substances or carbon tetrachloride. Thus allylthio group as pharmacologically active group was introduced into pyridazine heterocycle ring. Aryloxyallylthiopyridazine derivatives were synthesized and their hepatoprotective activities were screened in rat. The activities of these compounds were weaker than alkoxyallylthiopyridazine derivatives, which exhibit a superior hepatoprotective effect.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.36 no.9
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• pp.1120-1127
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• 2007

This study was designed to examine the effects of n-6 PUFA rich corn oil, n-3 PUFA rich perilla oil and their conjugated double bond derivatives on serum lipids status in rats. Experimental diets containing lard (control), corn oil (CO), perilla oil (PO), conjugated double bond derivatives of n-6 PUFA rich corn oil (TCO) and n-3 PUFA rich perilla oil (TPO) at the level of 10% (w/w) were fed to male Sprague Dawley rats for 4 weeks. TCO was found to have three derivatives of linoleic acid and TPO had five derivatives of linolenic acid by GC. Serum total cholesterol levels were significantly lower in the all experimental groups than in the control group, and particularly, the lowest in TCO and TPO groups. HDL-cholesterol concentrations were a little higher in the all experimental groups than in the control group, and TCO and TPO groups were not significantly different from CO and PO groups. Serum LDL, LDL-cholesterol, chylomicron and triglyceride concentrations were significantly lower in the all experimental groups than in the control group, remarkably lower in TCO group and particularly, the lowest in the TPO group. Serum free cholesterol and cholesteryl ester concentrations were lower in TCO and TPO groups than in CO and PO groups. From the above research, TCO and TPO groups were effective on the improvement of the lipid compositions in serum and particularly, TPO group was the most effective on the improvement of serum lipids.

• Clean Technology
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.238-243
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• 2011

We investigate new polyols based on castor oil for polyurethane. In order to introduce primary alcohol groups, which exhibit higher reactivity with isocyanate than secondary alcohol groups, the secondary alcohol groups on castor oil were modified with maleic anhydride and aminoalcohol derivatives ($H_2N$-R-OH). The reactions with various molar ratio of castor oil and maleic anhydride were done at relatively low reaction temperature in the absence of catalyst. The polyols based on castor oil with flexible side-chains exhibit better miscibility with conventional synthetic polyols.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.19-23
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• 1987

The addition of dipeptides and 1,2-bis (aminoacyl) hydrazine derivatives a level of 250 ppm to corn oil resulted in the retardation of the oxidaitive deterioration of the oil when it was stored in the oven at $70^{\circ}C$ during 5 days. Their antioxidant activities were investigated by UV absorbance of the corn oil at the wavelength of 234nm. 1,2-bis (aminoacyl) hydrazine derivatives showed higher antioxidant activity than normal dipeptides. Dipeptides containing phenyl ring with which is conjugable a-carbon radical showed antioxidant activity.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.43-47
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• 1986

1.2-bis(aminoacyl)hydrazine derivatives and dipeptides were synthesized by conventional peptide synthesis procedures. Their antioxidant activity were inverstigated by over-storage test using corn oil as substrte. 1.2-bis (aminoacyl) hydrazine derivatives and dipetides containing hydrophobic side chain amino acid showed higher antioxidant activity. A free N-terminal amino group was also found to be important for the appearance of antioxidant activity. 1.2-bis (aminoacyl) hydrazine derivatives showed higher antioxidant activity than dipeptides. Antimicrobial activites of dipeptides and 1.2-bis (aminoacyl) hydrazine derivatives were also examined by the paper disc method. All of these compounds had shown no antimicrobial activity.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.530-536
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• 2013

Vegetable oil-based dimer acid derivatives were prepared through a two-step procedure and their lubricating properties for diesel fuel were evaluated using high frequency reciprocating ring (HFRR) method to investigate wear scar diameter (WSD). Diels-Alder reaction at an elevated temperature transformed fatty acid to dimer acid, subsequently converted into dimer acid derivatives by esterification with methanol. It should be noted that the derivatives were dissolved well in diesel oil up to 1 wt%. After adding 120 ppm of the derivatives to pure diesel, the WSD significantly decreased to $300{\sim}05{\mu}m$, compared to $552{\mu}m$ of WSD in pure diesel. Dimer acid derivatives having carboxylic acid show superb in lubricating property which does not depend on the alkyl group in the derivatives.

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.36 no.4 s.107
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• pp.49-59
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• 2004

This study was carried out to obtain the basic data for producing higher functional coating agents for pulp mold by evaluating various kinds of starch derivatives. At that time, four kinds of starch derivatives were manufactured for making coating agents respectively. Physical properties of coated paperboards were tested. Conclusions obtained from this results were as follows. The water and oil resistance of hydroxypropylated, cyanoethylated and carboxymethy­lated starch were high when degree of molar substitution(DS) of propylene oxide, acrylonitrile and sodium monochloroacetate were 0.18, 0.07 and 0.009, respectively. Also, the those of crosslinked starch were high when degree of crosslinking of epichlorohydrin was 0.02. Consequently, $8\%$ solution of carboxymethylated starch made with DS 0.009 of monochloroacetate was the best among coating agents from starch derivatives men­tioned above.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.105-136
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• 2015

Polyethylene glycols (PEGs) are products of condensed ethylene oxide and water that can have various derivatives and functions. Since many PEG types are hydrophilic, they are favorably used as penetration enhancers, especially in topical dermatological preparations. PEGs, together with their typically nonionic derivatives, are broadly utilized in cosmetic products as surfactants, emulsifiers, cleansing agents, humectants, and skin conditioners. The compounds studied in this review include PEG/PPG-17/6 copolymer, PEG-20 glyceryl triisostearate, PEG-40 hydrogenated castor oil, and PEG-60 hydrogenated castor oil. Overall, much of the data available in this review are on PEGylated oils (PEG-40 and PEG-60 hydrogenated castor oils), which were recommended as safe for use in cosmetics up to 100% concentration. Currently, PEG-20 glyceryl triisostearate and PEGylated oils are considered safe for cosmetic use according to the results of relevant studies. Additionally, PEG/PPG-17/6 copolymer should be further studied to ensure its safety as a cosmetic ingredient.