• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.762-779
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• 2023

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Mediterranean diet is an environmentally friendly and healthy diet model. The diet offers many vegetables, fruits, nuts, and olive oil to consumers. In addition, it provides moderate amounts of fish and chicken, smaller quantities of dairy products, red meat, and processed meat. The Mediterranean diet has a high anti-inflammatory and antioxidant content, and it causes many physiological changes that can provide a physical performance advantage. This study examined the effects of a 15-day menu, which was planned using foods with a low acid load within the Mediterranean diet rules, on the exercise performance, lactate elimination, anthropometric measurements, and body composition. SUBJECTS/METHODS: Fifteen professional male athletes between the ages of 13 and 18, who were engaged in ski running, were included in the experimental study. Dietary intervention was applied for 15 days. The athlete performances were evaluated by applying the vertical jump test, hand grip strength, 20 meters shuttle run test, and Borg fatigue scale. After the shuttle run test (every 3 min for 30 min), blood was drawn from the finger, and the lactate elimination time was calculated. Performance and lactate measurements, body analysis, and anthropometric measurements were taken before and after dietary intervention. RESULTS: The vertical jump height and hand grip strength increased after the intervention (P < 0.05). The test duration, total distance, the number of shuttles, and maximum oxygen consumption parameters of the shuttle run test increased (P < 0.05). After the intervention, the athletes' perceived fatigue scores decreased in several stages of the shuttle run test (P < 0.05). The lactate elimination time and athlete's body composition were similar in repeated measurements (P > 0.05). In the last measurements, the upper middle arm circumference decreased while the height of the athletes increased (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: These results show that the Mediterranean diet is a safe and feasible dietary approach for aerobic performance and strength increase.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제65권2호
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• pp.130-141
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• 2020

본 연구 목적은 선발된 생선, 골분+어분, 고춧잎, 깻묵 발효액비를 다양한 처리방법별로 고추 및 토마토 묘에 처리하여 생육촉진 정도를 알아보고자 수행하였다. 또 다른 연구목적은 선발된 자재 자체와 이들 자재를 이용하여 제조한 발효, 물 및 열수추출물에 대한 무기영양소 용출 정도를 조사하여 효과적인 추출방법을 찾는데 있었다. 생선, 골분+어분, 고춧잎 및 깻묵을 발효액비 처리에 의한 토마토 육묘의 생육은 경엽처리가 관주 처리에 비해 좋았고, 처리횟수(1회 또는 2회)에 상관없이 생육촉진에 효과적이었다. 이들 액비처리에 의한 고추육묘 생육의 경우는 관주처리가 경엽처리에 비해 좋았다. 처리횟수별 고추와 토마토 생육 증진은 큰 차이가 없었다. 그러나 전반적으로 액비에 의한 생육 증진은 고추보다는 토마토에서 좋았고, 파종 후 40일 육묘보다는 파종 후 20일묘에서 큰 것으로 나타났다. 또한 고추와 토마토의 생육 증진은 자재 간에 차이는 크지 않았다. 파종 후 20일에 이들 사용한 액비는 고추와 토마토의 초장보다는 지상부 생체중 증가에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 고추 지상부 생체중의 경우는 모든 액비에서 0.1% 처리에서 효과가 있었고, 토마토의 경우도 생선액비를 제외하고 0.1%에서 효과가 있었다. 그러나 생선의 경우는 1% 이상의 농도에서 토마토 지상부 생채중이 증가하였다. 파종 후 40일 경우도 사용한 액비는 고추와 토마토의 초장보다는 지상부 생체중 증가에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 고추 지상부 생체중의 경우는 생선액비(0.5%)을 제외한 골분+어분, 고춧잎 및 깻묵 액비에서 0.1% 처리에서 효과가 있었다. 토마토의 지상부 생체중의 경우는 0.1% 모든 액비처리에서 증가하였다. 이들 액비처리에 의한 고추 및 토마토의 생육 증가는 질소, 인산 및 칼륨과 같은 주요 대량 무기영양소 뿐만 아니라 다양한 대량 및 미량 무기영양소의 상호작용에 의해 기인되는 것으로 사료된다. 생선, 골분, 어분, 고춧잎 및 깻묵에 함유되어 있는 무기영양소는 발효추출물에 의해 용출이 잘되지 않았다. 그러나 이들 자재에 의한 물과 열수추출법은 다량원소 용출이 발효추출법보다 많아서 추후 고추 및 토마토 생육을 촉진하는데 사용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• 유기물자원화
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.77-85
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• 2020

본 연구는 아주까리유박을 주원료로 제조하는 유기질비료의 대체자재 개발 목적으로 제조한 혼합유기질 발효비료의 양분공급 효과 검증을 위해 시용 후 배추의 생육 및 토양 특성을 혼합유박과 비교 분석하였다. 혼합유기질 발효비료는 미강, 주정박, 참깨박, 어분의 혼합비율을 달리하여 비료성분이 질소 5.0, 인산 2.6, 칼리 1.4%인 비료 2종(FA, FB)를 제조하였다. 본 시험은 무처리, 혼합유박, 혼합유기질 발효비료 처리구로 설정하였으며, 배추의 질소시비량(320 kg ha-1)을 기준으로 혼합유기질 발효비료 A와 B는 100%, 200% 수준, 혼합유박 100% 설정하여 시비하였다. 배추 생육 및 수량 조사결과, 혼합유기질 발효비료의 시용량이 증가하면 생육과 수량도 증가하였다. 혼합유기질 발효비료 처리와 혼합유박 100% 시용구의 생육은 처리간의 유의한 차이는 없었으며, 생산량은 FA 100% 처리구가 혼합유박과 대등한 수량을 보였다. 배추의 질소이용효율은 처리구에 따라 20~31% 이었으며, FA 100% 처리가 혼합유박과 대등한 질소흡수량과 이용효율을 보였다. 재배 후 토양 화학성은 pH, EC, 토양유기물 및 유효인산 함량은 처리간의 유의적인 차이는 없었으나, 치환성양이온 함량은 혼합유기질 발효비료 처리구가 높아졌다. 또한 토양의 세균 밀도는 무비구에 비해 비료 처리구가 높았으며, 혼합유기질 발효비료 시용량이 많을수록 증가하였다. 위의 결과를 통해 수입유박 대체자재로 혼합유기질 발효비료 FA가 혼합유박과 유사한 양분공급 효과가 있으며 경제적이고 친환경적인 양분관리를 위해 적정시비량 설정 연구가 추가적으로 필요할 것으로 사료된다.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제36권5호
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• pp.353-359
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• 2010

Introduction: This study examined the effect of cyclosporine A (CsA) on the allogenic cranial bone graft in the mice. Materials and Methods: Twenty eight 12-week-old male ICR mice weighing 40 g were used. The experimental group was injected subcutaneously with CsA (10 mg/kg/day) diluted in Caster oil for 7 days prior to the graft until sacrifice. The control group was injected with the same solution without CsA. Two full-thickness bone defects with a diameter of 3 mm were made with a trephine bur in the parietal bone lateral to the sagittal suture. A calvarial defect of a mouse was grafted with allogenic calvarial bone disc from another mouse. The experimental and control groups were injected with CsA and the solution without CsA in the same manner before surgery, respectively. The mice were sacrificed at 1 week, 2 weeks and 4 weeks after the bone graft, respectively. Results: In the experimental group, fibrous connective tissues and small amounts of inflammatory cells were observed. At 2 weeks after the allograft in the experimental group, new bone formation in fibrous collagenous tissue and around the allogenic bone was noted. At 4 weeks after the allograft, new bone formation was active along and at the periphery of the mature allogenic bone. The proliferation of blood vessels increased in bone marrow. In the control group, fibrous tissues and inflammatory cells were observed around the allogenic bone and existing bone at 1 week. At 2 weeks after the allograft, the proliferation of blood vessels accompanied by inflammatory cells were scattered in the fibrous connective tissues. New bone formation around the allogenic and existing bone could be observed. At 4 weeks after the allograft, inflammatory cells were severely infiltrated around the allogenic bone. Osteoclasts were scattered along the allogenic bone and induced bone resorption. Conclusion: These results suggest that the daily administration of CsA (10 mg/kg/day) induces efficient immunosuppression without serious complications, and this protocol might be useful for the experimental model of allogenic bone grafts.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제23권4호통권100호
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• pp.443-451
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• 2007

In order to better understand the quality of Korean cactus, Opuntia humifusa, as the functional foodstuffs, it's seeds, stems and fruits were analyzed. In addition, we performed quality evaluation on cookies manufactured with cactus powder added. The results showed the soluble nitrogen-free component levels in the cactus to be very high. The highest component levels were crude fiber(48.75%) and crude fat(7.38%) in the seeds, crude ash(15.39%) in the stems, and moisture(11.26%) and crude protein(8.79%) in the fruits. The antioxidant activities of the cactus were evaluated based on peroxide values(POV), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances(TBARS value), and electron donating ability(EDA) using the DPPH method. The POVs for soybean oil containing a 0.05% concentrated water extract from each part of the cactus revealed a remarkable antioxidant effects on peroxidation as storage time increased. The TBA values were 63.65% in BHT, 60.67% in the stems, 57.31% in the fruits and 49.16% in the seeds. The EDAs were 30.26% in the stems, 25.89% in the fruits, and 25.65% in the seeds. The total polyphenol contents of the water soluble materials from the cactus were 3.14 g/100 g in the fruits, 2.93 g in the stems and 2.11 g in the seeds. For the cookies, as the amounts of fruit and stem powder increased, the spreadness was significantly lowered, but moisture content was increased compared to the control. The color degree of the cookies changed from dim to intense as more fruit powder was added, resulting from a decrease in the L- and b-values and a significantly increased a-value. With the addition of stem powder, the L- and a-values revealed no significant differences, while the b-value was lowered compared to the control as more stem powder added. For texture changes of the fruit cookies, there were significant differences in hardness, gumminess, cohesiveness, springiness and brittleness. The stem cookies, however, showed only differences in hardness, gumminess, and brittleness, and not in cohesiveness and springiness. Finally, an overall sensory preference was found with the 1% fruit powder and 3% stem powder additions.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.409-414
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• 1978

숭어 난유(卵油)의 지질조성(脂質組成)을 조사(調査)한 결과(結果)를 보면 다음과 같다. 1 숭어의 각조직(各組織)의 지질성분(脂質成分)은 상이(相異)하였다. 즉 근육(筋肉), 난(卵) 및 간(肝)에서 추출(抽出)한 지질주요성분(脂質主要成分)은 각각(各各) triglyceride, wax ester, 유리지방산(遊離脂肪酸)였다. 2. 숭어난(卵)의 지질함량(脂質含量)은 약(約) 20.5%였고, 그 지질(脂質)의 요-드가(價)는 118, 불감화물의 양(量)은 38.7%였다. 3. 숭어난유(卵油)의 중요지질조성(重要脂質組成)은 wax ester가 59.1%로 제일 많았고, 다음이 극성지질(極性脂質)로 26.9%, 그 다음이 triglyceride로 9.0%였으며, Sterol은 3.0%였다. 4. Wax ester의 중요(重要)한 지방산조성(脂肪酸組成)을 보면 palmitic acid가 47.5%로 제일 많았으며, 그 다음이 oleic acid로 23.0%, hexadecatrienoic acid가 6.5%, eicosapentaenoic acid가 4.0%였다. 또 triglyceride의 조성(組成)을 보면 palmitoleic acid가 25.1%, oleic acid가 16.7%, palmitic acid가 16.3%, eicosamonoenoic가 7.9%, stearic acid가 5.5%였다. 극성지질(極性脂質)의 경우는 palmitic acid가 35.0%, oleic acid가 24.7%, palmitoleic acid가 6.1%, eicosapentaenoic acid가 5.3%였다. 5. Wax ester의 중요(重要)한 alcohal은 cetyl alcohol(C16:0)가 51.0%로 제일 많았고. 그 다음이 palmitoleyl alcohol(C16:1)로 18.2%, 그 다음이 oleyl alcohol (C18:1)로 10.7%였다. 또 C15:0, C15:1, C17:0, C17:1, C19:1과 같은 기수탄소(奇數炭素) alcohol가 상당량(相當量) 발견(發見)되었다.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.86-90
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• 1974

Amorpha-fruticosa 종자(種子)의 지방(脂肪)을 ether 및 methanol로 추출(抽出)하여 정제(精製)한 다음, methyl eestorification 시켜 Gas chromatography로 지방산(脂肪酸)을 분석(分析)하고 몇 가지 화학적(化學的) 성질(性質)을 시험(試驗)하여 다음과 같은 결과(結果)를 얻었다. 1. Amorpha-fruticosa 종자(種子)의 일반성분(一般成分)은 수분(水分) 17.65%에서 조단백(粗蛋白) 21.02%, 조지방(粗脂肪) 12.04%, 회분(灰分) 5.74%로서 일반두료식물(一般豆料植物)과 비교하면 대두(大豆), 검정콩을 제외(除外)한 다른 종류(種類)에 비하여 비교적 우수한 성분함량을 나타내고 있다. 2. 각종(各種) 유기용매(有機溶媒)에 의한 본시료(本試料)의 지방추출율(脂肪抽出率)은 ether가 80.25%, methanol 80.00%로서 대등한 수치(數値)이며, benzene 77.34%, hexane 69.96%의 순위(順位)로 나타났다. 3. Ether에 의하여 추출(抽出)된 지방산(脂肪酸)의 chemical constants는 검화가 178.67, 산가 3.11, 요오드가 54.27로 측정(測定)되었다. 4. Ether에 의하여 추출(抽出)된 지방산(脂肪酸)을 gas chromatography에 의하여 분석(分析)한 결과(結果) 모두 8종(種)이 검색(檢索)되었으며 이 중(中) linoleic acid (78.73wt%), palmitic acid (5.68wt%), oleic acid (5.85wt%), stearic acid (4.84wt%), linolenic acid (3.40wt%)의 순(順)으로 함량(含量)이 높으며 arachidic acid (1.06wt%), lauric acid (0.26wt%), myristic acid (0.20wt%) 등은 소량(小量)으로 나타났고 capric acid는 측정(測定)되지 않았다. 5. Methanol로 추출(抽出)한 지방산(脂肪酸)은 ether에서와 같이 8종(種)이 검색(檢索)되었으며 함량(含量)은 linoleic acid (77.86wt%), palmitic acid (7.77wt%), oleic acid (5.74wt%), stearic acid (4.97wt%), linolenic acid (3.56wt%)의 순(順)으로 비교적 함량(含量)이 많고 arachiaic acid (0.01wt%), lauric acid (0.01wt%), myristic acid (0.01wt%) 등은 함량(含量)이 낮으며 역시 capric acid는 ether에서와 같이 측정(測定)되지 않았다.

• 한국근적외분광분석학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국근적외분광분석학회 2001년도 NIR-2001
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• pp.1162-1162
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• 2001

Whereas NIR spectroscopy has been applied in agriculture for more than 20 years, few studies refer to those plant substances occurring only in smaller amounts. Nevertheless there is a growing interest today to support efficiently activities in the production of high-quality medicinal and spice plants by this fast and non-invasive method. Therefore, it was the aim of this study to develop new NIR methods for the reliable prediction of secondary metabolites found as valuable substances in various plant species. First, sophisticated NIR methods were established to perform fast quality analyses of intact fennel, caraway and dill fruits deriving from single-plants [1]. Later on, a characterization of several leaf drugs and the corresponding fresh material has been successfully performed. In this context robust calibrations have been developed for dried peppermint, rosemary and sage leaves for the determination of their individual essential oil content and composition [2]. A specially adopted NIR method has been developed also for the analysis of carnosic acid in the leaves of numerous rosemary and sage gene bank accessions. Carnosic acid is an antioxidative substance for which several health promoting properties including cancer preservation are assumed. Also some other calibrations have been developed for non-volatile substances such as aspalathin (in unfermented rooibos leaves), catechins (in green tea) and echinacoside (in different Echinacea species) [3]. Some NIR analyses have also been successfully performed on fresh material, too. In spite of the fact that these measurements showed less accuracy in comparison to dried samples, the calibration equations are precise enough to register the individual plant ontogenesis and genetic background. Based on the information received, the farmers and breeders are able to determine the right harvest time (when the valuable components have reached their optimum profile) and to select high-quality genotypes during breeding experiments, respectively. First promising attempts have also been made to introduce mobile diode array spectrometers to collect the spectral data directly on the field or in the individual natural habitats. Since the development of reliable NIRS methods in this special field of application is very time-consuming and needs continuous maintenance of the calibration equations over a longer period, it is convenient to supply the corresponding calibration data to interested user via NIRS network. The present status of all activities, preformed in this context during the last three years, will be presented in detail.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국신재생에너지학회 2011년도 춘계학술대회 초록집
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• pp.172-172
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• 2011

Anaerobic digestion(AD) has successfully been used for many applications that have conclusively demonstrated its ability to recycle biogenic wastes. AD has been successfully applied in industrial waste water treatment, stabilsation of sewage sludge, landfill management and recycling of biowaste and agricultural wastes as manure, energy crops. During AD, i.e. organic materials are decomposed by anaerobic forming bacteria and fina1ly converted to excellent fertilizer and biogas which is primarily composed of methane(CH4) and carbon dioxide(CO2) with smaller amounts of hydrogen sulfide(H2S) and ammonia(NH3), trace gases such as hydrogen(H2), nitrogen(N2), carbon monoxide(CO), oxygen(O2) and contain dust particles and siloxanes. The production and utilisation of biogas has several environmental advantages such as i)a renewable energy source, ii)reduction the release of methane to the atomsphere, iii)use as a substitute for fossil fuels. In utilisation of biogas, most of biogas produced from small scale plant e.g. farm-scale AD plant are used to provide as energy source for cooking and lighting, in most of the industrialised countries for energy recovery, environmental and safety reasons are used in combined heat and power(CHP) engines or as a supplement to natural. In particular, biogas to use as vehicle fuel or for grid injection there different biogas treatment steps are necessary, it is important to have a high energy content in biogas with biogas purification and upgrading. The energy content of biogas is in direct proportion to the methane content and by removing trace gases and carbon dioxide in the purification and upgrading process the energy content of biogas in increased. The process of purification and upgrading biogas generates new possibilities for its use since it can then replace natural gas, which is used extensively in many countries, However, those technologies add to the costs of biogas production. It is important to have an optimized purification and upgrading process in terms of low energy consumption and high efficiency giving high methane content in the upgraded gas. A number of technologies for purification and upgrading of biogas have been developed to use as a vehicle fuel or grid injection during the passed twenty years, and several technologies exist today and they are continually being improved. The biomethane which is produced from the purification and the upgrading process of biogas has gained increased attention due to rising oil and natural gas prices and increasing targets for renewable fuel quotes in many countries. New plants are continually being built and the number of biomethane plants was around 100 in 2009.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.324-335
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• 2018

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: We examined dietary fat intake and the major food sources by young children in Korea. SUBJECTS/METHODS: A total of 1,041 children aged 1-5 years were identified from the 2013-2015 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Data on total fat and fatty acid intake were obtained by a single 24-h dietary recall. Food sources were identified based on the amounts of total fat and fatty acids consumption according to each food. Fat and fatty acid intakes and their food sources were presented by age group (1-2-y, n = 401; 3-5-y, n = 640). Fat and fatty acid intakes were also evaluated according to socioeconomic characteristics. RESULTS: The mean intake of fat was $27.1{\pm}0.8g$ in the 1-2-y group and $35.5{\pm}0.7g$ in the 3-5-y group, and about 23% of the total energy was obtained from fat in both age groups. The mean intake of saturated fatty acids (SFA) was $10.5{\pm}0.3g$ in the 1-2-y group and $12.7{\pm}0.3g$ in the 3-5-y group, with the 1-2-y group obtaining more energy from SFA than the 3-5-y group (9.2% vs. 8.3%). The mean intake of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) was $6.3{\pm}0.1g$ in the total subjects, with $0.8{\pm}0.03g$ of n-3 fatty acids and $5.5{\pm}0.1g$ of n-6 fatty acids being consumed. Milk, pork, and eggs were major food sources of total fat, SFA, and monounsaturated fatty acids, and soybean oil was the main contributor to PUFA in both age groups. In the 1-2-y group, children in rural areas had significantly higher intake of PUFA and n-3 fatty acids than did those in urban areas. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings provide current information on dietary fat intake among young Korean children and could be used to establish dietary strategies for improvement of health status.