• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.339-347
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• 2014

This study investigated the classification of olive oils that are mainly distributed in Korea via imports. The fatty acid contents, degree of color, pigments, anti-oxidants, and sterol contents are analyzed on the different types of olive oil as follows: 10 kinds of extra virgin olive oil, 5 kinds of pure olive oil, and 5 kinds of refined olive-pomace oil. As a result of fatty acid analysis, the majority of oleic acid ($C_{18:1}$) and palmitic acid ($C_{16:0}$), and minority of linoleic acid ($C_{18:2}$) and stearic acid ($C_{18:0}$) were detected without any significant differences between the grades of olive oils. The UV spectrum is related to the ${\Delta}K$, and it is a part of the analysis factor for the purity and degree of degradation of the oil. Extra virgin olive oil had ${\Delta}K$ of almost 0, pure olive oil had 0.07~0.12, and refined olive-pomace oil had 0.1~0.13. These differed from extra virgin oil, and the pure or pomace oil ${\Delta}K$ had a confirmed distinct difference. The color degrees of chlorophyll with a low $L^*$ value and $(-)a^*$ (green) and carotenoid with $(+)b^*$ (yellow) were confirmed to have correlation between extra virgin and other olive oils. To compare chlorophyll and carotenoid as natural pigment in olive oils, 417 nm and the ratio of the absorbance at 480 nm (417/480) was calculated at 1.62 of extra virgin, 1.85 of pure olive oil, and 3.32 of refined olive-pomace oil. Therefore, it will be possible to distinguish when the extra virgin or pure olive oil are mixed with olive-pomace oil. The total amount of tocopherol, an anti-oxidant, were 19.06 in extra virgin, 10.91 in pure olive oil, and 27.88 in refined olive-pomace oil. The high content of tocopherol in pomace oil caused recovery of solvent extraction from olive pulp. Thus, extra virgin oil and pure olive oil were distinguished by olive-pomace oil. Polyphenol compounds in extra virgin olive oil measured high only in ferulic acid with 0.543 mg/kg, caffeic acid with 0.393 mg/kg, and other vanillic acid, vanillin, and p-coumaric acid had similar amount of 0.3 mg/kg. All grade of olive oils had the highest ${\beta}$-sitosterol content. Af (Authenticity factor) value were estimated with campesterol and stigmasterol content ratio (%). Af value was 19.2 in extra virgin olive oil, 17.1 in pure olive oil, 16.9 in refined olive-pomace oil, which were distinctive from sunflower oil with 3.7, corn oil with 2.4, and soybean oil with 2.0. It can provide important indicator of olive oil adulteration with other cheap vegetable oils. The results of this study can be used as a database for the classification of olive oil grade and distinguishing between the different types of oils.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.264-274
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• 2019

This study attempted to analyze the effects of cleansing oil on skin by preferred vegetable base oil. For this, a questionnaire survey was performed against 100 people, and their face washing habit and preferred vegetable base oils were examined. Based on the results, 4 different cleansing oils were prepared and experimented. The experiment was conducted against 10 adult women in their 20-30s, and moisture level, sebum level and trans-epidermal water loss (TEWL) before and after the experiment were measured. After the test, satisfaction was measured, and the results found the followings: When asked what cleansing oil is most preferred by vegetable base oil type, 'rose hip oil' was the highest, followed by 'olive oil', 'apricot kernel oil' and 'camellia oil'. According to the clinical trials, both moisture and sebum levels increased before and after cleansing in all four cleansing oil types by the preferred vegetable base oil (p<0.001, p<0.001). In addition, TEWL decreased with a difference by base oil (p<0.01). According to a subjective satisfaction survey which was performed after the experiment, rose hip oil-contained cleansing oil (RHC) was the highest in terms of cleansing effect and satisfaction level. Consequently, it was confirmed that the cleansing oil by vegetable base oil improved skin conditions by protecting a skin barrier with a positive effect on the improvement of sebum and moisture levels and TEWL. Even though a preferred oil type and a satisfaction level may differ by preferred oil and feeling after use, cleansing oil by vegetable base can be helpful as a skin care product which eases skin dryness and protects a skin barrier.

• The Journal of Fisheries Business Administration
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.115-133
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• 2000

The policy of suppling tax-exempt fishery oil in Korea has a history of almost 40 years, which was initiated by the National Federation of Fisheries Cooperatives in 1965. In 1999 the volume of fishery oil supplied to the earning fishermen and fishing entrepreneurs amounted to 8,390 thousand DM, 500 billion won in total. This paper analyzes the oil supplying system to fishermen in Korea and shows that the structural obstacles to the stable provision of fishery oil lies in the ineffective bargaining power (fixing price). Provided that the NFFC as a buyer, which is not equipped with the storage facilities for oil bids for a unit-price contract of fishery oil, there exists a possibility of collusion among 5 local oil refineries corporations to influence the oil price, making it difficult to reach a resonable price of oil. Though the international bids and direct imports following the liberalization of oil imports would help lower the unit price, purchasing and importing the oil out of season at a lower price would not be guaranteed without the oil storage facilities. Furthermore, the current supply system of oil is quite vulnerable to the extraneous factors and, say when the oil price soars unpredictably, it is almost impossible to supply low - priced fishery oil to fishermen. The National Federation of Fisheries Association of Japan(Zengyoren), for instance, possesses 10 oil storage facilities, which had been built across the country during the last 20 years (1964-1984). The storage capacity of these facilities reaches 0.6million DM(by kind, 0.56million DM for A heavy oil, 38thousand D/M kerosene, 5thousand D/M for diesel fuel oil). Allowing no intermediary of production associations(fisheries cooperatives) the NFFA's capacity for keeping oil in reserve rises much higher. As these storage facilities can keep the oil amounting to as much as of 70 days demand in reserve, a stable supply of fishery oil on favorable terms is secured. In contrast with Japan case, unequipped with the storage facilities for fishery oil, Korea does not have much bargaining power for bringing down the price of fishery oil. To make matters worse, the oil storing capacity of the member cooperatives is the volume of only 8 days demand. In case the oil price rises, it is almost impossible to supply the oil to the fishermen at a price lower than the price risen.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.151-155
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• 1993

Since there have been no method which can applicable to the screening of commercial sesame oil adulterated with other vegetable oils, the present investigation was carried out particularily focusing on the the pattern of IN absorption of sesame oil and other vegetable oils. For this, a variety of oil samples prepared by the conventional method from sesame seeds, perilla seeds, com, soybean, and rice bran were analyzed by IN spectrophotometer. IN spectra of sesame oil and oil of unheated sesame seeds showed absorption peaks at 215, 230 and 290 nm. While UV spectra of com oil, perilla oil and soybean oil all showed absorption peaks at 215, 230 and 280 nm, that of rice bran oill showed peaks at 215, 290 320 nm. When sesame oil was mixed with com oil, perilla oil or soybean oil, respectively, from which the absorbance of peaks at 290 nm were lower than pure sesame oil. The peak at 320 nm which was typical absorption peak of rice bran oil was still observed in the spectnun of mixture of sesame oil with rice bran oil.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.45-52
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• 1992

In this paper, combustion characteristics and engine performance varying with blending rate of fish oil using five test fuels, e.g.pure diesel oil and four types of sardine-oil-blended diesel oils, their blending rates by weight being 20%, 40%, 60% and 80% respectively, and operating condition of engine, were investigated experimentally both in the constant volume combustion bomb and in the engine. The results are summarized as follows: 1) In the bomb, the influence of temperature on ignition delay of sardine-oil-blended diesel oils was larger than that of pure diesel oil, and it tended to increase as the blending rate of fish oil increase sardine-oil-blended diesel oils. As far as the influence of pressure on ignition delay concerns, there was no significant difference with all the test fuels. 2) In the engine, the ignition delay of fish-oil- blended diesel oils was longer than that of pure diesel oil, and it tended to increase as the blending rate increases. In the bomb, the ignition delay in high temperature showed no significant difference between with pure diesel oil and with fish-oil-blended diesel oils, and it was especially short with 60% fish-oil-blended diesel oil. In low temperature, however, the delay became longer as the blending rate increase. 3) The combustion duration was shorter with fish-oil-blended diesel oils than with pure diesel oil and it became a little shorter as the blending rate increases. 4) The rate of fuel consumption showed no significant difference between with fish-oil-blended diesel oils and with prue diesel oil, although calorific value of fish oil was lower than that of diesel oil. 5) Smoke density in exhaust gas was lower with fish-oil-blended diesel oils than with pure diesel oil and the higher the blending rate was, the lower the smoke density became.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.51-59
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• 2023

Background: Tea tree oil has antiviral, antimicrobial and antifungal effects and Mastic oil has antifungal and anticancer effects. For synergistic effects of oils, blending oil containing a mixture of two to three oils is recommended. This study aimed to determine the antibacterial effects of Tea tree oil, Mastic oil, and Blending oil containing the two oils in a mixture, to verify and suggest the potential use of these oils as a substance to prevent dental caries. Methods: Tea tree oil, Mastic oil, and Blending oil with a 1:1 blend of the two oils were diluted in liquid medium to 0% (negative control), 0.5%, 1.0%, and 2.0%. Streptococcus mutans was applied to each experimental group of the three diluted oils and after 8 h culture, the optical density (OD) was measured and the growth inhibition rate for S. mutans was estimated. Results: Tea tree oil had significantly low OD values across all concentrations (p<0.05) without significant variation among different concentrations (p>0.05). Mastic oil did not significantly vary in OD compared to the negative control across all concentrations (p>0.05) without significant variation among different concentrations (p>0.05). Blending oil, compared to the negative control, did not significantly vary in OD at 0.5% (p>0.05) but significant variation was found as the concentration increased (p<0.05). Additionally, for Tea tree oil and Mastic oil, the growth inhibition rate showed no significant variation according to concentration (p>0.05), whereas for Blending oil, the growth inhibition rate for S. mutans showed a significant difference at 1.0% (p<0.05) and at higher concentrations. Conclusion: Blending oil containing a Tea tree oil and Mastic oil demonstrated a significant growth inhibition effect on S. mutans from the concentration of 1.0%, which suggested its potential use as an effective antibacterial agent for dental caries.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.37-43
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• 2004

Engine lubrication system is generally affected by vehicle driving conditions; acceleration, braking deceleration, and cornering. The oil supply system such as oil pan, baffle plate, and oil pick-up pipe should be optimized to cope with severe driving conditions. The main purpose of this paper is to understand the effect of the engine tilting angle on the oil supply system using engine tilting test rig. For the purpose, the oil pressure fluctuation and oil aeration in the main gallery are measured at various engine tilting angles. In addition, the oil flow is visualized by using transparent oil pan to investigate the cause of the formation of oil aeration. The test results show there is a strong correlation between the main gallery oil pressure fluctuation and oil aeration. It is also found that the visualization technique is helpful to stabilize the oil supply system at severe driving conditions.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.127-145
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• 2009

With increase in oil demand owing to economic growth in Northeast Asia, the establishment of an oil hub in Korea is recently considered by policy and academic circles. This paper aims to suggest strategic schemes on the establishment of Korea's oil hub in Northeast Asia by comparing Korea's conditions as an oil logistics hub with Singapore which has been an oil hub in East Asia until recent year. Quantitative and qualitative analysis methods were employed in order to examine the competitiveness of Korea's oil hub. This research concludes that Korea is very competitive as an oil logistics hub in Northeast Asia, but so much improvements for realizing the project are necessary such as expansion of storage facilities for oil, institutional instruments for facilitating oil logistics and trading and preparation for incentive schemes on foreign investments in oil and its related industries.

• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
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• v.41
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• pp.185-202
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• 2009

With the rapid development of oil and chemical industry in the late 20C, massive transportation of oil by oil tanker vessel has grown and it caused the big oil pollution accidents. When oil spill from the oil tanker, damages reach into the astronomical figures in economically and damages affect wide area and many people with break the balance of ecosystem. Recently in Korea, the oil pollution accidents has occurred frequently as growing of oil consumption and it caused large-scale damages to the victim. Oil pollution in Korea offshore takes not only Korean fisherman from their life ground and break the ecosystem but it takes too much time and money to recover. To minimize oil pollution damages, it is necessary to make pre-caution effort as a ship owner and relevant government bodies should endeavor to prevent from more damages. But once oil pollution accidents occurs in territorial sea, compensation for victim is very important. But it is true that compensation is not paid to victim smoothly. So this study aims at the problems of oil pollution compensation to the Korean victim and find the best way to get reasonable compensation.

• International Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.88-93
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• 2009

Lubricant oil is needed in air conditioning and refrigeration system because the compressor requires oil to prevent surface to surface contact between its moving parts, to remove heat, to provide sealing, to keep out contaminants, to prevent corrosion, and to dispose of debris created by wear. Thus, the oil separation in an oil separator is one of the most important characteristics for proper compressor operation. In this study, a gravity type of oil separator is used. Oil separation characteristics have been investigated for $CO_2$/PAG mixture in the range of oil concentration 0 to 5 weight-percent and the mixture temperature range of $0^{\circ}C$ to $15^{\circ}C$ at 50 bar and $70^{\circ}C$ to $90^{\circ}C$ at 80 bar. The results obtained indicate that the oil separation is increased with an increase in the oil concentration. It is also found that the oil separation in liquid state is increased with an increase in the mixture temperature while the oil separation in gas state is decreased.