• The Korean Journal of Archival Studies
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• no.16
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• pp.257-302
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• 2007

The use of records has been regarded as the ultimate goal of preserving records, and reference services are considered key tasks in records management. Particularly in Korea where the importance of archives and records management is not recognized sufficiently, we need to help the public recognize the importance of institutions, managing archives, and archives kept in the archives, and create new uses. In order for archives to notify archives, institutions and managing archives to potential users, they can use publications, exhibitions and education programs. In foreign countries, services such as public programs and outreach services have already been being executed by archives in order to publicize the archives actively to the public, and various supports are provided so that people can use archives in educational activities. What is more, publishing and exhibition programs are also linked to education, which can increase the use of archives and promote archives culture. Thus, archives play important cultural and educational roles. As archives' roles are being expanded and local archives are being established compulsorily in Korea, archives should play their roles not just as administrative agencies collecting official documents but also as cultural and educational institutions providing various forms of information and education. Creating new demands for important archives by notifying such archives through public programs approaching users, they should find ways for laying the ground for their existence. The objectives of this study are to look for the method of public program operation suitable for the Korean situation, to define abilities and roles required to archives as program planners, and ultimately to increase the use of archives and contribute to the settlement of archives culture.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.22 no.8
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• pp.15-24
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• 2022

The article clarifies the conditions for information, digital and educational accessibility for higher education seekers with disabilities in terms of distance learning caused by quarantine restrictions. It is established that such conditions are regulated by international and Ukrainian legal documents (The Standard Rules on the Equalization of Opportunities for Persons with Disabilities, Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, Sustainable Development Goals, Law of Ukraine "On Education", Law of Ukraine "On Higher Education", Strategy for the Development of Higher Education in Ukraine 2021-2031, Development Strategy areas of innovation for the period up to 2030, Development strategy of the sphere of innovation activity for the period up to 2030). As a part of information barrierlessness, Higher Education Institutions (HEI) should provide access to information in various formats and using technologies, in particular Braille script, large-type printing, audio description (audio descriptive commenting), sign language interpretation, subtitling, a format suitable for reading by screen access programs, formats of simple speech, easy-to-read formats, means of alternative communication. The experience of Pavlo Tychyna Uman State Pedagogical University is described. In particular, special attention is paid to the study of sign language: in view of this, the initiative group implemented the project "Learning to hear and overcome social isolation together" with the financial support of the British Council in Ukraine. Within the framework of digital accessibility, the official website of the Faculty of Social and Psychological Education has been adapted for the visually impaired in accordance with WCAG 2.0 World Standards. In 2021, Pavlo Tychyna Uman State Pedagogical University implemented the project "Cultural, Recreational and Tourist Cherkasy Region: Inclusive Social 3D Map" funded by the Ukrainian Cultural Foundation; a site with available content for online travel in the region to provide barrier-free access to the historical and cultural heritage of Cherkasy region was created. Educational accessibility is achieved by increasing the number of people with special educational needs, receiving education in inclusive groups; activities of the Center for Social and Educational Integration and Inclusive Rehabilitation Social Tourism "Bez barieriv" ("Without barriers"); implementation of a research topic for financing the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine: "Social and psychological rehabilitation of children and youth with special educational needs by means of inclusive tourism"; implementation of the project "Social inclusion of distance educational process"; development of information campaigns to popularize the ideas of accessibility, the need for its implementation, ongoing training programs and competitions, etc.

• Journal of Ginseng Culture
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• v.5
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• pp.1-20
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• 2023

In 1749, during an incident near the Tumen River in Hunchun, six people, all Qing ginseng pickers, were killed by seven Korean soldiers from the Chosŏn garrison. The Chosŏn soldiers encountered the ginseng pickers on the border and agreed to exchange goods, but when they failed to receive the proper price for rice, the soldiers became angry and decided to attack the Qing ginseng pickers. The seven Korean criminals were executed a year and a half after the incident. The whole process regarding the arrest and investigation of the criminals, as well as the official exchanges between the Qing and Chosŏn governments, were recorded in detail in the Chosŏn document written in Chinese and the Qing documents written in Manchu. In dealing with this murder case, the Qing local officials focused on identifying the murdered victims, clarifying the victims' responsibilities, and disposing of their remaining belongings. On the other hand, the Chosŏn government focused on providing reports quickly to the Qing officials about the investigation of the criminals. In doing so, it tried to reduce the risk of any possible problems that the murder case on the border could cause in its relations with the Qing government. The relevant records on this murder case show various aspects of the Qing and Chosŏn relations, including the contacts between the people along the Tumen River, border trespassing, material exchanges, rules about ginseng picking, and border patrols. This case also reveals that the Qing and Chosŏn people from various classes had different relationships depending on their respective interests.

• Journal of Industrial Convergence
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• v.20 no.11
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• pp.135-140
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• 2022

A study to estimate the appropriate size for the quota of civil servants during the period of change of government is required. Therefore, in this study, we would like to introduce a study that uses DEA to estimate the appropriate size of public officials. The department of a public institution is DMU, and the number of employees in each department is applied as an input variable, and the number of electronic approval production documents and the number of electronic approval expenditures are applied as output variables. MaxDEA 8 was used as an analysis program for this purpose. As a result of the analysis, when the efficiency level was 1.00 (100%), 3 out of 14 departments showed the optimal level by satisfying the efficiency, and 10 of the remaining departments scored 0.50 (50%) with a score of 0.50 (50%), confirmed to be relatively inefficient. In other words, it was confirmed that most departments had inefficient surplus staff. As an additional analysis, we calculated the number of possible staff reductions using the efficiency level. Using this, it is expected that the field of manpower reduction can be discovered in advance through an analysis of manpower efficiency by department, and based on this, it can be used to relocate manpower by department according to future response strategies.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.56 no.2
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• pp.206-220
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• 2023

In the royal publishing process of the Joseon Dynasty, the main species of wood used for woodblock printing was recorded as Jajak-mok. Although the name Jajak-mok may suggest Jajak-namu(white birch), it is presumed to refer to a different type of wood than Jajak-namu based on its recorded habitat and usage in historical documents. The aim of this paper is to clarify that during the Joseon Dynasty, the term Jajak-mok referred to Geojesu-namu (Korean birch), while Jajak-namu was called Hwa-mok(樺木). Additionally, this paper explores how the term Jajakmok eventually became the name of white birch, Jajak-namu, used today. In the mid-18th century, Japan used the character 樺(hwa) to refer to Beot-namu(Sargent cherry). As Japanese encyclopedias entered Joseon, the term Hwa-mok began to refer to both Beot-namu and Jajak-namu, which is also called Bot-namu. Since the pronunciation of Boet-namu and Bot-namu are similar, the two trees were eventually unified under the name Boet-namu. In the 20th century, the official names of three trees were established. According to notifications issued by the Ministry of Agriculture and Commerce of the Korean Empire in 1910 and the Governor-General of Chosen in 1912, Hwa-mok(white birch) was renamed asJajak-namu. In 1968, Beot-namu(Sargent cherry) retained its original name, and Jajak-mok(Korean birch) was remained . In modern Chinese character dictionaries, the meaning of 樺(hwa) is listed as "1. Beot-namu(Sargent cherry), 2. Jajak-namu(white birch)." From this, we can infer the historical background in which the names of these three trees were mixed up.

• 지역과문화
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.25-47
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• 2019

This study was to investigate the sustainable regional ecotourism development and management of the Quinta Mazatlan World Birding Center & Edinburg Scenic Wetland World Birding Center in the Lower Rio Grand Valley, Texas, USA. In oder to identify the substantiality of these two institutions, sustainable tourism evaluation indicators were developed based on the previous researches. Data were collected in December 2016 and March 2017 at the two World Birding Centers. Official documents regarding the sustainable management of the two agencies were collected and interviews with the directors of both centers were also proceeded. The findings show that the two World Bird Center have adopted basic measures for environmental substantiality but have adopted various management techniques, especially for economic and social sustainability. In particular, Quinta Mazatlan World Birding Centers have developed twenty programs and events to attract four different target markets including children and adolescents, families with young children, and adults. It also secured income by donation as wells as admission and rental fees. Furthermore, the two World Birding Centers have provided diverse volunteer opportunities for the local residents. Practical implications of the study for the Korea regional ecotourism development and management were also discussed at the end.

• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.79-99
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• 2019

Apologies are used with increasing frequency for mending damaged relations between groups after intergroup conflict. Past research revealed that members of a perpetrator group may engage in (animalistic) dehumanization of victim group members to cope with guilt and responsibility associated with the ingroup's past wrongdoing. We hypothesized that ingroup's apology would relieve perpetrator group members of the moral threat, and therefore would make them perceive more humanness in the victim group members. The study was conducted in the context of South Korea's alleged atrocities against Vietnamese civilians during its military involvement in the Vietnam War. Korean participants read an article on the incidents with Korean government's issuance of an official apology manipulated, and reported their thoughts on the incidents and perceptions of Vietnamese people including their humanness. Contrary to our prediction, apology further enhanced dehumanization of Vietnamese people, even while it also decreased dehumanization through heightened feelings of relief. This study documents a seemingly ironic effect of intergroup apology, and calls for a more careful examination of the consequences of apology before recommending it as a viable strategy for alleviating intergroup tensions.

• The Journal of Korean Medical History
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.45-57
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• 2022

This paper examines the positions and personnel of the Naeui system in the late Joseon Dynasty. First, the regulations of the Naeui system were investigated through the literature related to Naeuiwon. Next, the operation of the regulations, changes in the system, and causes were analyzed through the Seungjeongwon Diary (承政院日記). We discovered: 1) Naeuiwon's medical bureaucracy originally did not have a fixed number of positions, but gradually came into being with a quota regulation. Uiyagdongcham-ui (議藥同參醫) and Naechim-ui (內鍼醫) did not have a quota, but was initially set at 10 people, then expanded to 12 people. Originally, the royal physician had no fixed number, and in 1864 the first quota was 7 people. 2) 'Gyeom-eoui' and 'gachanaeui' served to expand Naeui's quota. After the mid-17th century, 'Gyeom-eoui' expanded the quota of royal physicians to secure a position for the medical bureaucracy of Naeuiwon. 'Gachanae' after King Jeongjo serves to add to the quota while obeying the provisions of the law. 3) The customary promotion of Naeuiwon's medical bureaucracy expanded and became stricter after the mid-19th century, during which special promotions became more frequent than in previous periods. As for the provision of appointment to the 6th class after 30 months, Uiyagdongcham-ui was established in 1686 and Naechim-ui was established in 1718, increasing the chance for customary promotion. In the case of Naeui, the regulation for the Secretary General to raise the degree of official rank has been strengthened since the Cheoljong era. However, special promotions were frequent in the mid-19th century because the number of high-ranking officers increased compared to the previous period. In conclusion, the Naeui system in the late Joseon Dynasty changed in the direction of strengthening their own privileges. The Naeuiwon's quota was increased and promotion was guaranteed through the system and customs. Since the mid-18th century, there have been some regulatory restrictions, but the framework has not changed. This is confirmed not only in the regulations of the documents related to the Naeuiwon, but also in the Seungjeongwon Diary. Naeuiwon's medical bureaucracy enjoyed superiority in promotion and status compared to other forms of technical bureaucracy.

• Journal of Korean Society of Archives and Records Management
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.73-89
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• 2023

This study aims to analyze the frequency of keywords used in Korean abstracts, which are unstructured text data in the domestic record management research field, using text mining techniques to identify domestic record management research trends through distance analysis between keywords. To this end, 1,157 keywords of 77,578 journals were visualized by extracting 1,157 articles from 7 journal types (28 types) searched by major category (complex study) and middle category (literature informatics) from the institutional statistics (registered site, candidate site) of the Korean Citation Index (KCI). Analysis of t-Distributed Stochastic Neighbor Embedding (t-SNE) and Scattertext using Word2vec was performed. As a result of the analysis, first, it was confirmed that keywords such as "record management" (889 times), "analysis" (888 times), "archive" (742 times), "record" (562 times), and "utilization" (449 times) were treated as significant topics by researchers. Second, Word2vec analysis generated vector representations between keywords, and similarity distances were investigated and visualized using t-SNE and Scattertext. In the visualization results, the research area for record management was divided into two groups, with keywords such as "archiving," "national record management," "standardization," "official documents," and "record management systems" occurring frequently in the first group (past). On the other hand, keywords such as "community," "data," "record information service," "online," and "digital archives" in the second group (current) were garnering substantial focus.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.50 no.1
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• pp.42-57
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• 2017

The Joseon Dynasty (1392~1910) had a long tradition of making official seals to commemorate the granting of official royal titles, including posthumous honorary titles, to its kings, queens, crown princes and queen dowagers. These royal seals were typically gold-plated or made of jade. After the death of its holder, each seal would be stored in the royal seal depository in the Royal Ancestral Shrine. Extensive efforts were made to restore the traditions and culture of the royal family of Joseon during the reign of King Sukjong (r. 1674~1720). In 1705, discussions were held about the royal ceremonial objects, including the royal seals, stored in the Royal Ancestral Shrine, resulting in the reproduction of a set of accessories related with the storage of royal seals and ten golden royal seals which had been lost during wars or had yet to be made. With these reproductions, each shrine chamber of the Royal Ancestral Shrine would have had at least one seal. The details of the reproduction project were meticulously recorded in The Royal Protocol by the Directorate for the Restoration of Golden Royal Seals("金寶改造都監儀軌"). Given that the restoration project was the single event that led to the reproduction of all the golden royal seals, it is reasonable to conclude that the directorate had fulfilled a historically significant function. In this study, the main discussion is focused on the establishment of the directorate and the storage and management of the damaged royal seals. The discussion includes the manufacturing process of the golden seals, for which The Royal Protocol is compared with other similar documents in order to gain more detailed knowledge of the measurements of the turtle knob, the lost-wax casting technique, the gold plating with mercury amalgamation technique, and other ornamentation techniques. The discussion also covers the activities of the artisans who made the royal seals, based on a study of the royal protocols; the styles of the artifacts, based on an examination of the remaining examples; and the techniques used by the Directorate for the Restoration of Golden Royal Seals to produce the royal seals in 1705.