• Plant Resources
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.141-146
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• 2004

Frequent occurrence of off-type plants in a given cultivar has been a serious problem in both breeder's and farmer's fields. An experiment was designed to examine the differences in rate of occurrence of off-type plants among Tongil-type cultivars (high yielding cultivars derived from indica/japonica hybridization) from which the possible cause of higher occurrence of off-type plant in a specific cultivar was deduced. Among five Tongil-type cultivars examined for morphological variant in the field, only one cultivar, Dasanbyeo, had off-type plants. When analyzed with SSR markers, off-type plants showed different band patterns from original cultivar, having several extra bands in addition to cultivar-specific band, suggesting that off-type plants were originated from Dasanbyeo, rather than originated from mixing or mishandling of seed materials with other cultivars. The possible cause of off-type occurrence seems to be natural pollination with other cuItivars adjacent to the original cultivar during seed multiplication. This was supported from the observation that self-crossed progeny of the off type plants showed a wide range of variation of agronomic traits which could not be observed when there was a smaller introduction of genes to the fixed germplasm as happened in the case of cultivar mutation. Another evidence supported this idea that Dasanbyeo showed much of difference in floral organ and behavior to other cultivar to be subjected to higher out-crossing than other cultivars examined.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제46권3호
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• pp.170-175
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• 2001

농가포장에서 발생하는 벼 이형주군별 발생포장 비율과 발생량 및 형질특성은 다음과 같다. 1. 우리나라의 지역별 발생포장 비율은 남서부, 남동부, 중부지방 순 이었고, 발생량은 남부지방이 중부지방보다 많았다. 2. 우점 이형주군은 단립적미군, 극만생 불임군, 장립적미군 순이었고, 장립적미군은 전남과 경남, 극만생 불임군은 전북, 단립적미군은 나머지 지역에서 우점하였다. 3. 대부분 이형주군의 간장은 인근 농가의 재배벼보다 길었는데, 특히 장립적미군과 단립적미군이 길었다. 4. 수당 영화수는 이형주군이 재배벼보다 많은 경향이었는데, 특히 극만생 불임군과 장립메성군이 많았다. 그러나 이형주군들은 대체로 불임이 심했다.

• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.743-753
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• 2019

This study investigates differences in demographic characteristics, shopping orientation, perceived risk, and satisfaction after purchase among consumer types. This study classifies consumer types according to their channel transition behaviors between the online and offline channels with a focus on the steps of information research and buying decision in buying decision-making process. The four consumer groups are as follows: off-off type (offline research-offline purchase), on-on type (online research-online purchase), on-off type (online research-offline purchase) and on/off-off type (online and offline research-offline purchase), off-on type (offline research-online purchase) and on/off-on type (online and offline research-online purchase). Data were collected from adults over 20 years old who had bought clothes within one year. The questionnaire was carried out from July, 2019 using a professional internet research panel; in addition, 500 sets of useful data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, factor analysis, reliability analysis, chi-squared test, ANOVA and Duncan-test using SPSS 21.0. The findings showed significant differences among the classified consumer groups for consumer demographics, shopping orientation, perceived risk, and purchase after satisfaction. The results imply that consumers show a variety of channel transition behaviors based on demographic variables, shopping orientation, and perceived risk. Understanding and adapting to consumer purchase behaviors will allow company distribution channels to be effectively managed and eventually increase consumer satisfaction as well as company sales volume.

• 대한화장품학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.51-55
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• 1999

Cosmetic mask is one of the traditional cosmetic product and is used to keep skin healthy and beautiful through moisturizing effect, cleansing effect and acceleration effect on microcirculation. There are several types of cosmetic mask such as peel-off type, tissue-off type, wash-off type and cotton sheet type immersed in cosmetic water. It is important for cosmetic formulators to develop an adequate type of cosmetic mask that meets the needs of the target consumers because each type of cosmetic mask has benefits and problems in its usage and efficacy. Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) is widely used as an active ingredient of peel-off type cosmetic mask and the physical property of the PVA film changes with the usage of other ingredients. We studied the change of physical properties of the film containing PVA by formulating peel-off type cosmetic mask with the variation of humectants. Methylguceth-20 and glycereth-26 reduce the interaction between skin surface and PVA film without serious weakening of tensile strength and they can alleviate irritation. Glycerin, urea and betaine help PVA film soften and they also have excellent efficacy as humectants.

• 대한화장품학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한화장품학회 1999년도 IFSCC . ASCS 학술대회 발표 논문
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• pp.51-55
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• 1999

Cosmetic mask is one of the traditional cosmetic product and is used to keep skin healthy and beautiful through moisturizing effect, cleansing effect and acceleration effect on microcirculation. There are several types of cosmetic mask such as peel-off type, tissue-off type, wash-off type and cotton sheet type immersed in cosmetic water. It is important for cosmetic formulators to develop an adequate type of cosmetic mask that meets the needs of the target consumers because each type of cosmetic mask has benefits and problems in its usage and efficacy. Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) is widely used as an active ingredient of peel-off type cosmetic mask and the physical property of the PVA film changes with the usage of other ingredients. We studied the change of physical properties of the film containing PVA by formulating peel-off type cosmetic mask with the variation of humectants. Methylguceth-20 and glycereth-26 reduce the interaction between skin surface and PVA film without serious weakening of tensile strength and they can alleviate irritation. Glycerin, urea and betaine help PVA film soften and they also have excellent efficacy as humectants.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제32권11호
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• pp.801-809
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• 2023

The purpose of this study is to predict the reflection distance following to the pulsing pressure, total air supplying, filter bag size using numercial analysis techniques and use it as an efficient operation condition and economic data for off-line type pulse air jet bag filter. In this research, filtration area 6 m² condition, calculate filter resistance coefficient for simulation through the main experiments using coke dust. Ansys fluent V19.0 apply to CFD simulation, and analysis pulsing characteristics about pulsing pressure, filtration velocity and nozzle diameter. The maximum reflecting distance of off-line type pulse air jet bag filter is 1,000 mm regardless of total air supplying at over the 42 L/m² conditions, that indicates off-line type can extend filter bag length 1,000 mm than on-line type. In order to effective primary and secondary pulsing of off-line type pulse air jet bag filter, over the 5 bar of pulsing pressure and over the 42 L/m² of total air supplying are needed.

• 한국정보과학회논문지:컴퓨팅의 실제 및 레터
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.295-302
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• 2002

이 논문에서는 전자화폐 시스템 사용의 기술적인 문제점에 관한 몇가지 해결방안을 제안한다. 그 해결책은 온/오프 라인 겸용 전자화폐, 원카드, 주문형 시스템, 카드 대 카드 이체 시스템 등이다. 이 대안들이 엔젤플러스 전자화폐 사례에서 소스코드로 기술되었다. 전자화폐는 IC형과 네트워크형으로 분류 한다. 그러나 그들은 통합되어야 한다 최종사용자는 편리성을 위하여 겸용으로 사용되기를 원한다. 이 논문에서는 사례연구에 의하여 온/오프 라인 겸용 전자화폐를 개발한다. 이 논문을 바탕으로 미래연구에서는 소비자지향의 다양한 기능을 소유한 전자화폐 개발이 진행되어야 할 것이다.

• 설비공학논문집
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.116-122
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• 1992

The purpose of this paper is to determine the cut off flowrate regions of the overflow valve in using L.P gas vassels. The experimental methods were employed to measure the cut off flowrate in the state of constant pressure by using the $N_2$ gas. 1) To determine the optimum cut off flowrate regions, Hose length are required 0.5 meters. 2) Cut off fowrate regions about the each pressure can be suggested as follows. A) Cut off flowrate rigions are $2.0-4.0m^3/hr$ at the pressure of the $1Kg_f/cm^2$. B) Cut off flowrate rigions are$7.0-10.0m^3/hr$ at the pressure of the $10Kg_f/cm^2$.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제46권6호
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• pp.429-433
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• 2001

경종조건에 따른 벼 이형주의 발생양상과 특성은 다음과 같다. 1.벼 이형주의 발생량은 종자의 자가 채종년수가 증가할수 록 많았고, 직파재배 포장에서 이앙재배 포장보다 2배 가량 많았다. 2. 재배벼의 재배포장에 장립적미와 단립적미를 인위적으로 산파 하였을 때 담수표면산파 재배에서 기계이앙 재배보다 발생량이 많고 간장이 길고 주당 유효경수가 많았으며, 장립적미가 단립적미보다 이런 특성들을 많이 지녔다. 3. 이앙재배 포장에서 이형주가 재배벼의 포기 밖에서 발생하는 비율은 농가관행재배의 경우 0∼6%인 반면, 장립적미와 단립적미를 인위적으로 산파하였을 때는 70.6∼91.1% 이기 때문에 농가포장에서 발생하는 이형주군의 대부분은 종자흔입에 의해 발생하는 것으로 보아진다.

• 동력기계공학회지
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• 제18권6호
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• pp.99-105
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• 2014

This paper presents a comparison of operating characteristics for industrial water cooler with variation control methods. The performance analysis regarding the characteristics of condensation capacity, evaporation capacity, compressor load, COP of an on-off type cooler, a hot gas-bypass control type cooler and an inverter control type cooler with respect to the system load is reviewed, respectively. The primary results are as following: the variation of required compressor load of an on-off type cooler with respect to load is 5%, that of hot gas-bypass type is 18% and 66% for an inverter control type cooler. As the result shows, an inverter control type yields relatively huge difference of required compressor load compared to other types of control system. In terms of partial load, COP of an inverter control type cooler presents the highest value, and is considered as the optimized type for the used of the system involving frequent partial load.