• The Journal of Fisheries Business Administration
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.79-104
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• 1995

Dividend Policy involves the decision to pay out earnings versus retaining them for reinvestment in the firm, and dividend policy decisions can have either favorable or unfavorable effects on the attainment of firm's objective. This paper is to examine the present status of dividend policy of the Pusan Cooperative Fish Market, and to suggest the optimal dividend policy decisions appropriate for achieving its objective, which is to promote the fishermen's benefits and protect the interest of consumers. There are two types of dividend that the Pusan Cooperative Fish Market pays to the equity owners : (1) dividend on capital and (2) equalized patronage dividend. During'90s, while the rate of dividend on capital ranged from 1.7% to 2.8%, that of equalized patronage dividend ranged from 13.9% to 22.9%. Therefore, the rate of total dividend on capital including revolving funds has been about 20%, which turns out to be much higher than those of companies listed in the stock market. According to the current dividend data, the Pusan Cooperative Fish Market focuses on the equalized patronage dividend and the dividen on capital is the secondary type of dividend. In addition, the interesting feature of equalized patronage dividend is that it is supposed to be reinvested into capital by the Articles of the Fish Market, as soon as the Fish Market pays it to its members. Finally, this paper suggests the rational dividend policy of the Fish Market that is able to help its objective to be achidved more efficiently. The overall direction of the rational dividend policy can be summarized as follows ; (1) The level of cash dividend on capital should be increased enough to reflect the market interest rate. (2) The subsidy of working capital to some member fisheries cooperatives as quasi- dividend should be cut off steadily. (3) The equalized patronage dividend should be replaced by the original patronage dividend whose level is determined by the volume of each member's purchase. (4) In the long-term, it is necessary to improve the system of revolving funds in the way that revoloving funds could serve to complement equity capital for only a fixed time, after which they ard repaid to the members.

• The Journal of Fisheries Business Administration
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.9-27
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• 1995

From now on, the direction of fishery products circulation measure should be improved the system to give just the right of free choice of sale route like retail, direct sale, direct dealings and direct shipping only for fishermen to produce them diversifing the function and the role of current fish market in the production to prepare the fishery internationalization, to improve the competitiveness of coastal and off-shore fishery. Practically wholesale market in land and fish market in the production have the different function and role, the organization of wholesale market in land can't substitute the essential function and role which fish market in the production should perform. So far, fisheries cooperatives as a managing subject of fish market in the production have depended on the consignment sales and purchases of fishery products but, from now on, it should be explore the widespread supply way of fishery products by producing value - added fishery products that should bring higher demand from the consumers, producer - consumer direct marketing system through not only consignment sales but also direct sales that common processing and manufacturing system of fishery products under the management of FC has been established. The direction of the idealest structural improvement of fishery production circulation organization is to establish the the position of the fishery retail price leader based on the standard of market in the fisheries production due to existing characteristics of fisheries, accordingly, to harmony the market organization of direct transportation, direct sales and direct dealings form by producer and group of producers with market organization in the fisheries production, and to make the condition to do the appropriate distributive function.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2005.06a
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• pp.1846-1850
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• 2005

This paper presents a constrained-based routing (CBR) algorithm called, Dynamic Possible Path per Link (D-PPL) routing algorithm, for MultiProtocol Label Switching (MPLS) networks. In MPLS on-line routing, future traffics are unknown and network resource is limited. Therefore many routing algorithms such as Minimum Hop Algorithm (MHA), Widest Shortest Path (WSP), Dynamic Link Weight (DLW), Minimum Interference Routing Algorithm (MIRA), Profiled-Based Routing (PBR), Possible Path per Link (PPL) and Residual bandwidth integrated - Possible Path per Link (R-PPL) are proposed in order to improve network throughput and reduce rejection probability. MIRA is the first algorithm that introduces interference level avoidance between source-destination node pairs by integrating topology information or address of source-destination node pairs into the routing calculation. From its results, MIRA improves lower rejection probability performance. Nevertheless, MIRA suffer from its high routing complexity which could be considered as NP-Complete problem. In PBR, complexity of on-line routing is reduced comparing to those of MIRA, because link weights are off-line calculated by statistical profile of history traffics. However, because of dynamic of traffic nature, PBR maybe unsuitable for MPLS on-line routing. Also, both PPL and R-PPL routing algorithm we formerly proposed, are algorithms that achieve reduction of interference level among source-destination node pairs, rejection probability and routing complexity. Again, those previously proposed algorithms do not take into account the dynamic nature of traffic load. In fact, future traffics are unknown, but, amount of previous traffic over link can be measured. Therefore, this is the motivation of our proposed algorithm, the D-PPL. The D-PPL algorithm is improved based on the R-PPL routing algorithm by integrating traffic-per-link parameters. The parameters are periodically updated and are dynamically changed depended on current incoming traffic. The D-PPL tries to reserve residual bandwidth to service future request by avoid routing through those high traffic-per-link parameters. We have developed extensive MATLAB simulator to evaluate performance of the D-PPL. From simulation results, the D-PPL improves performance of MPLS on-line routing in terms of rejection probability and total throughput.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.132-148
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• 2009

The objective of this article is to examine the possibility of 'story-telling' as united concept of causality and subjectivity through sequence combination, and the 'similarity' between object and image in fashion photographs making diversity of meanings. To analyze and investigate the research, as evidential data this paper used the photos of Steven Meisel from 2002 till 2007 Vogue published in Korea, U.S, and Italy, as well as other visual data like graphic collections, catalogs, art-related data and internet data. This research runs both theoretical and positive investigations to suggest the function of story-telling in the Process of opened-communicative roles of fashion photos. Thus this paper investigated Steven Meisel's storytelling in his fashion photos; short moment of event, continuity of time, compound of sequence, and complexity of viewpoint. This paper also studied the aesthetic characteristics of Steven Meisel's fashion photos as categories of overlapped meaning, arbitrariness of interpretation, exclusivity of message, and decoding. The research result suggests that clothing not only includes current age's value but also among social constitutions it includes multilateral characteristics. Ultimately this paper is also making meaning alive by cutting off the chain of 'firm' meanings of fashion photo. That seems like opening the opportunity for correctly understanding fashion's meaning which has the aspects of ambivalence of changing meanings and values by the motivation of context and text.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.646-660
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• 2008

Korean export of fashion products to the U.S. has fallen off sharply after 2001. Now, Korean fashion companies have to develop higher value-added business. In the U.S., Korean-American fashion companies are taking a primary role in up-stream of the fashion industry. To cut the edge over the U.S. fashion companies, one of the solutions could be to build the business relationship with Korean fashion companies which reflect the recent trend rapidly and have high quality production. On this study, we investigated the marketing strategies of Korean-American fashion companies to seek to start business with Korean fashion companies and make suggestions for Korean fashion companies who want to enter into the U.S. market effectively. To analyze current situation of Korean export to the U.S. and the U.S. fashion industry, we considered various kinds of statistic data, publications and studies. And we performed in-depth interviews with 9 Korean-American fashion companies in LA from $9^{th}$ to $21^{st}$ of July. The results are as follows. first, Korean fashion companies should aim for high-end market with the products of high quality and design. Second, there should be professional agents who manage Korean small-medium fashion companies and connect them with Korean-American fashion companies. Third, Korean fashion companies who want to enter into the retail market of the U.S. have to decide the target market clearly and plan strategic and differentiated merchandising. Fourth, Korean fashion companies can specialize in product developing service like proposing a product or a merchandising line as a package including designs, fabric swatches, trims, production information, etc.

• Journal of IKEEE
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• v.11 no.1 s.20
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• pp.69-76
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• 2007

This paper presents the design of LVDS (Low-Voltage-Differential-Signaling) transmitter for Gb/s-per-pin operation. The proposed LVDS transmitter is designed using BiCMOS technology, which can be compatible with CMOS technology. To reduce chip area and enhance the robustness of LVDS transmitter, the MOS switches of transmitter are replaced with lateral bipolar transistor. The common emitter current gain($\beta$) of designed bipolar transistor is 20 and the cell size of LVDS transmitter is $0.01mm^2$. Also the proposed LVDS driver is operated at 1.8V and the maximum data rate is 2.8Gb/s approximately In addition, a novel ESD protection circuit is designed to protect the ESD phenomenon. This structure has low latch-up phenomenon by using turn on/off character of P-channel MOSFET and low triggering voltage by N-channel MOSFET in the SCR structure. The triggering voltage and holding voltage are simulated to 2.2V, 1.1V respectively.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.8 no.10
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• pp.9-17
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• 2017

The current study attempted to develop and operate an exercise prescription expert system based on cloud computing. Recently, concerns on health are increasing due to the development of healthcare technology, increased life expectancy, and enhanced concerns on the body figure and wellbeing among Koreans. This trend pushes up the demand for the personal trainers and exercise specialists. However, supply of the exercise specialists are less than the demand. This study tries to develop exercise prescription system, aggregate diverse data, develop artificial intelligence rule, and operate exercise prescription expert system and education system. This system may assist training exercise professionals by replacing off-line training programs into on-line training programs. Further researches are recommended to connect diverse IoT devices and big data.

• Journal of Information Technology Applications and Management
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.195-208
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• 2008

In an emergency management case, evaluating the economic value of information technology investments is a challenging problem due to the effects of decision making, uncertainty of disasters, and difficulty of measurements. Risk assessment and recovery process, one of the major functions in emergency management, consists of (1) measurement of damages or losses, (2) recovery planning, (3) reporting and approving budgets, (4) auctioning off recovery projects to constructors, and (5) construction for the recovery. Specifically and of our interest, measurement of damages or losses is often a costly and time-consuming process because the wide range of field surveys should be performed by a limited pool of trained agents. Managers, therefore, have to balance accuracy of the field survey against the total time to complete the survey. Using information technologies to support field survey and reporting has great potential to reduce errors and lowers the cost of the process. However, existing cost benefit analysis framework may be problematic to evaluate and justify the IT investment because the cost benefit analysis often include the long-run benefit of IT that is difficult to quantify and overlook the impact of managerial control upon the investment outcomes. Therefore, we present an alternative cost-centric control model that conservatively quantifies all cost savings to replace benefits in cost benefit analysis and incorporate the managerial control. The model provides a framework to examine how managerial decision making and uncertainty of disaster affect the economic value of IT investments. The current project in Emergency Agency in South Korea is introduced as a case to apply the cost-centric control model. Our work helps managers to better evaluate and justify IT-related investment alternatives in emergency management.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.64-70
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• 2006

In this study, the $LiCoO_2/LiNi_{1/3}Mn_{1/3}Co_{1/3}O_2$ mixed cathode electrodes were prepared and their electrochemical performances were measured in a high cut-off voltage. As the content of $LiNi_{1/3}Mn_{1/3}Co_{1/3}O_2$ increased in a mixed cathode, the reversible specific capacity and cycleability of the electrode enhanced, but the rate capability was deteriorated. On the contrary the rate capability of the cathode enhanced, but the reversible specific capacity and cycleability were deteriorated, increasing the content of $LiCoO_2$ in the mixed cathode. The cell of $LiCoO_2/LiNi_{1/3}Mn_{1/3}Co_{1/3}O_2$ ($50:50 wt\%$) mixed cathode delivered a discharge capacity of ca. 168 mAh/g at a 0.2 C rate. The capacity of the cell decreased with the current rate and a useful capacity of ca. 152 mAh/g was obtained at a 2.0 C rate. However, the cell showed very stable cycleability: the discharge capacity of the cell after 20th charge/discharge cycling maintains ca. 163 mAh/g.

• Electrical & Electronic Materials
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.56-63
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• 1995

MESFETs of the Ti/Au and Ti/Pd/Au gate were fabricated on n-type GaAs. Interdiffusion at Schottky interfaces, Schottky contact properties, and MESFET characteristics with heat treatment were investigated. Ti of Ti/Au contact and Pd of Ti/Pd/Au contact acted as a barrier metal against interdiffusion of Au at >$220^{\circ}C$. Pd of Ti/Pd/Au contact acted as a barrier metal even at >$360^{\circ}C$, however, Ti of Ti/Au contact promoted interdiffusion of Au instead of role of barrier metal. As the heat treatment temperature increases, in the case of both contact, saturated drain current and pinch off voltage decreased, open channel resistance increased, and degree of parameter variation in Ti/Au gate was higher than in Ti/Pd/Au gate at >$360^{\circ}C$ Schottky barrier height of Ti/Au and Ti/Pd/Au contacts was 0.69eV and 0.68eV in the as-deposited state, respectively, and Fermi level was pinned in the vicinity of 1/2Eg. As the heat treatment temperature increases, barrier height of Ti/Pd/Au contact increased, however, decreased at >$360^{\circ}C$ in the case of Ti/Au contact. Ideality factor of Ti/Au contact was nearly constant regardless of heat treatment, however, increased at >$360^{\circ}C$ in the case of Ti/Au contact. From the results above, Ti/Pd/Au was stable gate metal than Ti/Au.