• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.25-31
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• 2017

Effective estrus detection and artificial insemination (AI) are necessary for profitable management of dairy herd. In current study, 45 crossbred lactating cows have been selected with the complaint of unobserved oestrus for more than sixty days postpartum. All cows had functional corpus luteum as examined by transrectal ultrasonography. Cows were treated with $PGF_2{\alpha}$ analogue and AI was performed with observed oestrus and then single dose of GnRH was administered. Similar synchronization protocol has been repeated after 14 days in cows that did not repose to first treatment. Remaining cows received additional $PGF_2{\alpha}$ after 14 days of second treatment and timed AI was performed following GnRH administration. Among 45 cows, 28.89% showed estrus after first treatment and 78.79% responded to second hormonal intervention. A higher conception rate (88.89% vs 26.66 and 72.72%) was observed in cows after triple administration of $PGF_2{\alpha}$ and timed AI. We noticed a significant differences in body condition score (BCS, 1~5 scale), postpartum period, and daily milk production between cows that either responded of non-responded following first and second hormonal treatment. In addition, there was a significant positive correlation between daily milk production and BCS, age and postpartum days, milk production and estrus/BCS, and milk production/BCS/estrus and conception rate. Depending upon the findings we conclude that hormonal intervention with $PGF_2{\alpha}$ and GnRH enhances postpartum ovarian cyclicity and help decreasing the days open of dairy herd. Therefore, this finding might provide an excellent guideline for target breeding system for profitable dairy herd management.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.308-311
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• 2010

An experiment was conducted using indigenous Kivircik ewes to evaluate the effect of intravaginal progestagen sponges, containing 30 mg of fluorogestone acetate (FGA), followed by administration of pregnant mare serum gonadotrophin (PMSG) on inducing synchronized oestrus in the season and fertility. Three times of PMSG administration relative to sponge withdrawal (24 h before (n = 30), at (n = 29) or 24 h after (n= 29)) and two routes of PMSG administration (intramuscular (n = 46) and subcutaneous (n = 42) were compared for estrous response, number of multiple births and fecundity rates. There were no significant differences in terms of estrous response, due to differences in the time and route of PMSG administration. Lambing percentage, proportion of multiple births and fecundity were 75.6, 51.6 and 114.6%, respectively. The administration had a significant effect on lambing (p<0.05), multiple birth and fecundity rates (p<0.01). The subcutaneous administration of PMSG resulted in a significantly higher lambing rate (p<0.05) and fecundity rate (p<0.01), compared to the intramuscular injection of the PMSG.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.183-188
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• 1992

Behaviour of 7 horned Japanese Black Cattle (3-9 years old) kept in a $450m^2$ dry-lot under loose housing condition was observed in the daytime (0930-1730 h) during 3 consecutive days. Eating and lying behaviour of cattle and the positions of all animals when lying together were recorded at 10-min intervals. Agonistic encounters and social licking interactions in the herd were also recorded. The cattle established a social hierarchy which was near linear. An irregularity in the diurnal rhythm of lying behaviour was found on the 3rd day, which appeared to be caused by oestrus behaviour of a herdmate. Eating frequency showed greater variation among individuals than lying frequency, and the most dominant animal ate most frequently in the herd. The spatial pattern of the herd when lying indicated a relatively loose dispersion in the lot. Higher ranking cattle tended to lie down more frequently near the hay rack in the lot, so that lower ranking animals had more difficult access to feed. Cattle with more social licking interactions had a tendency to lie down near each other irrespective of proximity of social order, therefore it was suggested that social preference among particular individuals occurred in the herd.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.33-38
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• 1976

The author observed the effects of the cobalt-60 irradiation on the amelogenesis and dentinogenesis of the albino rat fetuses by means of histological and histochemical methods. Females in oestrus were mated overnight and examined the next morning for evidence of copulation. The lower left abdomen of mothers were exposed to cobalt-60 irradiation on the 10th day of gestation, l00R 200R and 300R respectively. The fetuses were removed from the mothers on the 18th day of gestation. The employed histochemical methods were PAS reaction, colloidal iron reaction, aldehyde fuchsin stain, α-amino acid reaction, -SH radical reaction and methyl- green pyronin stain. The results were as follows; 1. The group irradiated by l00R made no histological differences in comparison with the control group. 2. Increasing the irradiation to 200R, abnormal dentin formation occured, and resulted in enamel hypoplasia and in atrophy and necrosis of odontoblasts. In dentinal papilla, the dilation and the degeneration of the blood vessels, excessive reticular atrophy and osteodentin were revealed. 3. With the more irradiation (200R-300R), the positive material of PAS, α-amino acid and aldehyde fuchsin tended to decrease in the ameloblast and the odontoblast. No significant changes appeared in DNA, the stainability of methylgreen pyronin.

• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.103-108
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• 2012

Anestrus is one of the most important production limiting disorders in dairy buffaloes and its underlying causes have been a current topic of studies. The objectives of this study were to explore the causes of anestrus in buffaloes with the application of ultrasonography. Two examinations were performed by transrectal ultrasonography at 12 days apart in buffalo cows that were not seen in oestrus at 60 or more days postpartum. As high as 54.5% buffaloes had silent ovulation and 45.5% suffered from the true anestrus with ovarian dysfunction. The duration of anestrus after calving was 60~90, 91~120, 121~180 and 181~365 days in 27%, 32%, 18% and 23% buffalo cows, respectively. Treatment with prostaglandin of cyclic buffalo cows with a corpus luteum (72.7%) resulted in higher estrous rate as compared with close observation of estrus (23.1%) by the farmer (p=0.021). Acyclic buffalo cows without any corpus luteum on ovaries were successfully treated with gonadotropin releasing hormone (70%), resulting in higher estrous detection rate than those treated with a vitamin-mineral mixture (20%) (p=0.035). In conclusion, poor heat detection due to silent ovulation is the most important cause of apparent anoestrus in buffaloes; however the percentage of the true anestrous is also quite high in postpartum buffaloes.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.12-17
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• 1976

The study is about the effect of tetracycline-HCl on the amelogenesis and the dentinogenesis of the albino rats by means of histochemistry and fluorescence microscopy. Females in oestrus were mated overnight and examined the next morning for evidence of copulation. The mothers were intraperitonealy injected with a single dose of tetracycline-HCl from the eighth to tenth day of gestation. The heads of new born rats were fixed in Carnoy's solution and 10% formalin solution. The staining methods were alizarin red S stain, PAS reaction, colloidal iron reaction, Morin's stain and hematoxylin-eosin stain, The results were as follows: 1. By the single injection of tetracycline, the matrix formation of enamel and dentin were disturbed, and the shape and arrangement of ameloblast and odontoblast were distorted. 2. It seemed that, with the higher dose of tetracycline, the positive materials of PAS reaction were increased in the disturbed enamel and dentin matrix, but those of alizarin red S stain and colloidal iron reaction were decreased. 3. The fluorescence intensity in the disturbed enamel and dentin matrix were higher than the other areas and appeared to increase gradually with the higher dose of tetracycline.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2012.11a
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• pp.1154-1157
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• 2012

축산농가의 경제성과 직결되는 암소 발정기의 조기 탐지는 IT 농 축산 학계에서도 매우 중요한 문제 중 하나이며 반듯이 해결해야만 하는 문제로 알려져 있다. 이를 해결하기 위한 다양한 연구 방법들 중, 본 논문에서는 소리 센서 환경에서의 암소의 발정기 탐지 시스템에 관한 연구를 대상으로 한다. 특히, 발정기 발성음의 특징 벡터 생성에 초점을 맞춘다. 특징은 크게 분별력과 차원이라는 두 가지 기준에 대해 우수해야 한다. 즉, 좋은 특징이란 서로 다른 부류를 잘 분별해 주어야 할 뿐만 아니라, 특징 벡터의 차원이 낮을수록 계산 효율이 좋고 차원의 저주에서 멀어 진다. 본 논문에서는 통계학에 기초한 체계적인 특징 벡터 생성에 관한 알고리즘을 제안하고, 실제 축사에서 녹취한 한우 발정기 발성음을 대상으로 낮은 차원의 특징 벡터 생성 과정을 보인다. 또한 이상상황 탐지기로 잘 알려진 단일 클래스 SVM의 대표 모델인 SVDD를 탐지기로 설정하여 생성된 특징 벡터의 분별력을 실험적으로 검증한다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.22 no.12
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• pp.1633-1639
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• 2009

This study investigated the effect of maternal undernutrition during late pregnancy on the growth and development of ovine fetal visceral organs. One hundred Mongolian ewes were mated at a synchronized oestrus and divided into three groups and offered 0.175 MJ ME $kgw^{-0.75}\;d^{-1}$ (Restricted Group1; RG1), 0.33 MJ ME $kgw^{-0.75}\;d^{-1}$ (Restricted Group2; RG2) and ad libitum access to feed (Control Group; CG) during late pregnancy (90 days). Selected animals in each group were slaughtered immediately at d 90 of pregnancy and after parturition (neonatal lambs), and major visceral organs were removed and weighed separately. The results indicated that the weights of lung (p<0.01), spleen (p<0.01), heart (p<0.05), liver (p<0.05) and abomasum (p<0.01) in RG1 were significantly lighter than those of CG. For RG2, only the weights of the lung (p<0.05) and spleen (p<0.01) were significantly lighter than those of CG; when expressed as a percentage of body weight, significance was retained in the spleen (p<0.01) for both restricted groups, but the percentage of brain in RG1 was significantly higher than that in CG (p<0.01). For lung and spleen, the amount of DNA was significantly lower (p<0.01) in both groups of restricted neonatal lambs compared to CG; however, there was a significant difference only between RG1 and CG for protein: DNA ratio (p<0.01). The DNA content of kidney, abomasum and jejunum were decreased (p<0.05) in RG1 neonatal lambs, but protein: DNA ratio in the liver was decreased compared with that of CG (p<0.05). The plane of maternal undernutrition during late pregnancy had a significant effect on the growth and development of fetal visceral organs, which altered ontogeny of fetal organ growth and development. These perturbations in fetal visceral development may have significant implications on postnatal growth and adult health.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.427-438
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• 1996

The suitability of female cattle ($Brahman{\times}Holstein$) and buffaloes (Murrah / Jafarabadi) for work on a sugarcane crusher was tested. The animals were fed chopped sugarcane tops and elephant grass supplemented with rice bran and urea-molasses blocks. In experiment 1, six cattle and six buffaloes, (with three animals seven to eight months pregnant at the start of the experiment in each group), worked individually, alternate weeks for 90 minutes a day for 6 d/week. Within the 90 min, cattle did more work than buffaloes (p < 0.05), and non-pregnant animals did more than pregnant animals, but cattle crushed significantly (p < 0.05) more cane per day than buffaloes. During work animals lost weight, but gained the weight back during resting weeks, when fodder intakes were higher. There were no significant differences in live weight change and fodder intakes between pregnant and non-pregnant animals during the six weeks. In experiment 2, four pairs of lactating cows and buffaloes crushed sugarcane for 3 h/d, 6 d/week for three weeks. Work done was higher in cattle than buffaloes, but cane crushed was marginally lower. All animals lost weight during work, particularly in the first week, but gained weight during the week after work. Daily milk yield was lower during the working weeks ($-0.55{\pm}0.15kg$) than in the week before work. Butter fat yield showed no significant change. One buffalo showed ovarian activity and oestrus behaviour during the work. Two cows showed ovarian activity within one month after the work. It was concluded that pregnant and lactating cows and buffaloes can effectively operate a cane crusher, however a temporary reduction in milk yield can be expected in the working period, and ovarian activity may be suppressed.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.681-685
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• 1992

Experiment involved range vegetation classified into three major classes: Xerophytic trees, shrubs and grasses. Among them samples of major plant species were collected and analysed for chemical composition. The experimental animals 20 each of Thalli sheep and Teddy goats, located at Livestock Experiment Station Rakh Kharewala district Layyah (Pakistan) were randomly drawn from the main flock. The grazing pattern data were collected from one animal of each species. The observations regarding the grazing behaviour, breeding efficiency and carcass quality were also determined. It was found that overall preference index of Teddy goats were higher for Khabble (Cynodon dactylon) indicated by percent of the total number of bites made on different plant species, while the bites on Lumb (Aristida plumose), Mahabbat booti (Cenchrus biflorus), Dhaman (Cenchrus ciliaris) and Karera (Elionorus hirsutus) were found to be 1.28, 6.74, 0.32 and 3.87 percents. The browsing species as a whole were utilized more during the draught period. Among the grasses, sheep heavily utilized Khabble grass, with overall bite percentage of 89.27. Within browsing species Wan (Salvadora oleoides) and wind fallen dry leaves of Wan were considerably picked by the sheep showing 1.19 and 3.49 overall bite percentage respectively. The overall daily growth rates & dressing percentage for Teddy goats and Thalli sheep were 48.33, 39.00 and 51.00, 46.00 percent respectively. Moreover, among the experimental animals 50 percent goats exhibited signs of oestrus where as none of the sheep came into heat during the study period.