• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.27 no.9
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• pp.781-788
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• 2018

The volatile odor compounds emitted form a stuffing agent production process were quantified by ATD and GC-MS, and then odor causing compounds were identified by the method of EOI using each TLV. As the results, 72 odor compounds were detected and total concentration was turned up 87.6 ppmv level. In these compounds, aldehyde group is higher 45.49 ppmv than others group, the next is turn up the order of aliphatics, alcohols, esters, ketones. The EOA of aldehyde group show up 101,720 and 97.2%, respectively, the odor causing compounds were identified each of odor 2-Octenal 28.31%, Hexanal 24.06%, Valeraldehyde 16.07%, Butyraldehyde 9.69%, Heptanal 4.97%, Propionaldehyde 4.64%, Acetaldehyde 3.31%. The TLVs of 7 major odor compounds are lower value level of 0.001~0.0001 ppmv, odor causing even in trace level. We need to be concerned with reduction of aldehyde compounds in the odor problem by a stuffing agent production process or ironing process of the textile containing a stuffing agent.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.155-161
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• 2016

In this study, field experiment, odor simulator, and dispersion modeling were used to evaluate the odor impact from J sewage sludge treatment facility. The height and flow rate of exhaust stack at this facility were 22.3 m and $100Nm^3/min$. The mean odor concentrations of the wet scrubber inlet and exhaust stack were $267{\pm}160$ and $93{\pm}44OU/m^3$, respectively. The odor removal efficiency of wet scrubber showed 65%. The odor simulator is used for the regulated standard calculation of the exhaust pipe(stack). Resulting odor emission rate(OER) by odor simulator was $2.4{\times}10^6(24,000OU/m^3)$. The forecasting result by Screen3 modeling showed that odor exhaust concentration up to $30,000OU/m^3$ was't exceeded maximum allowable emission level on site boundary($15OU/m^3$).

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.43 no.6
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• pp.457-466
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• 2017

Objectives: This study was carried out to investigate the characteristics of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted from sewerage facilities such as a sanitary sewers, outlets, and catch basins. In addition, the dominant malodorous VOCs among the compounds in this study were studied. Methods: Waste gas samples were collected at 27 points in a sanitary sewer in commercial and residental areas. The concentrations of seven volatile organic compounds, including benzene and toluene, in the samples were analyzed by gas chromatograph mass spectrophotometer (GC/MS). Odor concentrations were estimated using the concentration data of the VOCs and each compound's threshold limit value. Results: As a result, it appeared that the average concentration of total observed data for acetaldehyde was 15.98 ppb and benzene 1.87 ppb, toluene 82.31 ppb, ethyl benzene 63.12 ppb, m+p-xylene 15.66 ppb, oxylene 18.73 ppb, and styrene 4.39 ppb. VOC concentrations in the commercial area were higher than those in the residential area. VOC concentrations of waste gas emitted from sewer lines was also higher than those at the outlet and in the catch basins. It was estimated that the main malodorous VOC among the seven VOCs was acetaldehyde. Conclusions: As there is little data on VOC concentrations inside sewer facilities in Korea, these data will be helpful for estimating impact assessment of VOCs and establishing a counter-plan for the abatement of VOCs from sewer facilities in the future.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.49-54
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• 2011

In this paper, we represent a mobile robot which can recognize chemical odor, measure concentration, and track its source indoors. The mobile robot has the function of smell that can sort several gases in experiment such as ammonia, ethanol, and their mixture with neural network algorithm and measure each gas concentration with fuzzy rules. In addition, it can not only navigate to the desired position with vision system by avoiding obstacles but also transmit odor information and warning messages earned from its own operations to other nodes by multi-hop communication in wireless sensor network. We suggest the way of odor sorting, concentration measurement, and source tracking for a mobile robot in wireless sensor network using a hybrid algorithm with vision system and gas sensors. The experimental studies prove that the efficiency of the proposed algorithm for odor recognition, concentration measurement, and source tracking.

• Journal of environmental and Sanitary engineering
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• v.21 no.1 s.59
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• pp.35-43
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• 2006

Formaldehyde is important because of their irritant and toxic properties, mutagenicity and carcinogenicity. In this study, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) is used for the analysis of formaldehyde after derivatization with 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNPH) cartridge. Analytical parameters such as linearity, repeatability and minimum detection limit were evaluated. The linearity ($r^2$) was 0.9997 when analyte concentration ranges from 25 to $200{\mu}g/l$. The relative standard deviation (%RSD) was 1.25 % for concentration of $200{\mu}g/l$. The minimum detection limit (MDL) was 0.73 ppbv. It was shown that LC-MS method has a great potential for formaldehyde analysis. The results of formaldehyde from the survey of Ban-Woll and Shi-Hwa Industrial Complex samples, the highest level was 6.20, 3.93 ppb, respectively. The highest emission level of formaldehyde at chemical plants in the Ban-Woll' Shi-Hwa Industrial Complex was 5421.25 ppb.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.64 no.6
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• pp.55-63
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• 2022

Odors emitted from pig houses have been a constant root of legal issues in pig farming. These gases are among the main causes of health and mental stresses to nearby communities, so policymakers and researchers continuously study to reduce the concentration of odorous gases from pig facilities. A continuous field experiment proved that the concentration of odor emissions inside the pig houses is highly dependent on ventilation rate, breeding details, and animal activities. However, the standard odor emission rate worldwide widely varies due to differences in pig house designs and ventilation requirements. Thus, this study aimed to measure the odor emission rates, considering the actual condition of selected Korean pig houses, through field measurement. The odor measurements were performed at three different pig production facilities without odor abatement technologies. The target experimental pig houses were buildings for weaning, growing, and fattening pigs. Results showed that the actual ventilation rate in target pig houses falls below the standard ventilation requirement of pigs, resulting in high odor concentrations inside the pig houses.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.31 no.12
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• pp.1161-1168
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• 2009

This research was conducted on characteristic of offensive odors in Shihwa industrial complex. Result of blocks distribution of TVOC indicates that mechanic block, site D, was the highest concentration (74 ppb). Chemistry block, site A, was the second highest concentration (50 ppb). Also, mixed blocks, metal blocks and park etc. were measured almost similar concentration about 30 ppb, but mixed block, site F, was the place where concentrations were the smallest. Average of TVOC was shown about 35 ppb concentration. Aldehydes including acetaldehyde, butyraldehyde and hydrogen sulfide concentrations were prevalent among offensive odors in Shihwa industrial complex. Comparing the offensive odor intensity mostly about acetaldehyde, butyraldehyde and hydrogen sulfide which contain high offensive odor intensity showed results that sites A, B (chemistry block) and site D, I (mechanic block) site H (metal block) have showed the intensity over 1. In the case of acetaldehyde, relatively the high odor intensities over '2' were able to obtain in many cases. The correlation coefficient (r) for hydrogen sulfide was 0.91, so that high positive correlation exists between offensive odor intensity and the hydrogen sulfide element. Butyraldehyde also showed high positive correlation coefficient, as 0.82. Correlation coefficient of acetaldehyde that had the highest value as offensive odor substance was 0.62, had somewhat correlation with offensive odor intensity.

• Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.153-164
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• 2017

Odor dispersion around a cubic building from rooftop odor emissions was investigated using computational fluid dynamics (CFD). The Shear Stress Transport (here after SST) $k-{\omega}$ model in FLUENT CFD code was used to simulate the flow and odor dispersion around a cubic building. The CFD simulations were performed for three different configurations of cubic buildings comprised of one building, two buildings or three buildings. Five test emission rates were assumed as 1000 OU/s, 2000 OU/s, 3000 OU/s, 4000 OU/s and 5000 OU/s, respectively. Experimental data from wind tunnels obtained by previous studies are used to validate the numerical result of an isolated cubic building. The simulated flow and concentration results of neutral stability condition were compared with the wind tunnel experiments. The profile of streamline velocity and concentration simulation results show a reasonable level of agreement with wind tunnel data. In case of a two-building configuration, the result of emission rate 1000 OU/s illustrates the same plume behavior as a one-building configuration. However, the plume tends to the cover rooftop surface and windward facet of a downstream building as the emission rate increases. In case of a three-building configuration, low emission rates (<4000 OU/s) form a similar plume zone to that of a two-building configuration. However, the addition of a third building, with an emission rate of 5000 OU/s, creates a much greater odorous plume zone on the surface of second building in comparison with a two-building configuration.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.198-204
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• 1998

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of far IR radiation for the elimination of sidestream smoke components in a closed room. The measurements covered particle sizes of 13.8-542.5 nm, particle concentration, TSP, UVPM, FPM, solanesol, and the following gases and vapor components of smoke: carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, nicotine, and 3-ethenyl-pyridine. Also, the changes of smoke odor strength by far IR radiation were tested by using the electronic nose system. There was no difference between control and far IR radiation in changes of the concentration of $CO_2$ and CO. The concentrations of TSP, UVPM, FPM, solanesol, nicotine, and 3-ethenylpyridine were reduced by far IR radiation. The growth and diminishing rate of RSP diameter was accelerated by far IR radiation compared with control. There was a little difference of smoke odor change with far IR radiation by electronic nose system analysis. Our results indicated that the use of far IR radiation had a little effect on changes of solid, vapor, and odor of smoke, but it had no effect on gaseous components.

• Journal of Integrative Natural Science
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.128-134
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• 2015

This paper focuses on the applicability of a continuous monitoring method on trace sulfur compounds in the ambient air by TD and GC/PFPD. The target compounds for monitoring include H2S(hydrogen sulfide), Methyl mercaptan, Dimethyl Sulfide, and Dimethyl disulfide. The result of QA/QC on monitoring instruments satisfies all the standards of Odor Measurement and Analysis Method, showing that the reproductivity of the compounds by concentration is within 10%, linearity is above 0.98 of a correlation efficient, method detection limit is 0.16 ppb by MM standard, and recovery rate is over 70%. Monitoring was conducted for two years from March 2006 to February 2008. As a result of the monitoring, the average concentration of H2S was 0.08 ppb, with the maximum concentration at 16.15 ppb. The result indicates that it is reasonable to do continuous monitoring as there appears a spontaneous event of high concentration by the condition of the site during monitoring odor-causing substances. Therefore, it is suggested that the continuous monitoring method used in this paper is appropriate to identify the characteristics of sudden occurrence and concentration variations of sulfur compounds.