• 치위생과학회지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.205-212
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• 2019

Background: Sleep disorder is a precursor to depression, which is one of the psychological factors associated with periodontal disease that, in turn, affects general and periodontal health. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between sleep duration, depression, and periodontitis in older people aged over 65 years. Methods: A total of 2,002 older adults aged 65 years or older were included in the study. Their general and health aspects, including smoking, drinking, diabetes, hypertension, and depression, were investigated. Periodontitis was examined using the Community Periodontal Index (CPI). Data were analyzed through a complex sampling design method. Frequency and crossover analyses were conducted to investigate the relationship between depression and periodontitis. To investigate the effect of depression on periodontitis, a logistic regression analysis was performed. Results: Regarding depression and participants' general characteristics, statistically significant differences were found in sex, economic activity, smoking habit, and CPI (p<0.05). In the presence of depression, the odds ratio for periodontitis was 1.84, and the adjusted odds ratio for age, sex, economic activity, residence type, household income, education level, smoking habit, drinking, hypertension, and diabetes was 1.72, representing a significant difference (p<0.05). Conclusion: This study examined the relationship between depression and periodontitis in older persons and confirmed a significant correlation. As the population of older adults increases, we should pay attention to their mental and oral health as well as systemic diseases. Various programs for the health promotion of older persons need to be implemented to improve the quality of life of older people.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.195-210
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• 1991

Fatty liver is caused by derangement of fat metabolism and can be reversed by removal of contributing factors. The contributing factors of fatty liver is known to be overweight, chronic alcoholism, diabetes mellitus, malnutrition, and drug abuse such as tetracycline. This study was carried out on 1335 persons who visited 'Soon Chun Hyang Human Dock Center' from March to June 1990. In analysis of the data, prevalence of fatty liver diagnosed by ultrasonogram by age and sex, laboratory finding between fatty liver group and normal group, and odds ratio of known contributing factors, were compared. The results obtained are as following ; 1) The prevalence rate of fatty liver diagnosed by ultrasonogram is 29.6% in male and 11.5% in female. 2) Age groups with high prevalences are $40{\sim}50's$ in male (32.0%) and 50's in female (24.5%). 3) The fatty liver shows significant association with style (p<0.05), whereas not with hepatitis B-virus surface antigen (p>0.05). 4) All laboratory values except alkaline phosphatase and bilirubin are elevated significantly in accordance with the degree of fatty liver (p<0.01). 5) Fatty liver diagnosed by ultrasonogram showed so strong associations with body index, triglycerides and gamma-glutamyl transferase for males, and body index and fasting blood sugar for females that these factors may be used as supplementary data in establishing diagnosis of fatty liver. 6) Odds ratio of contributing factors are as follows ; If the odds ratio of below 29 year of age is 1.0 then that of $30{\sim}39$ is 1.74 (p=0.33), $40{\sim}49$ is 2.47 (p=0.10), $50{\sim}59$ is 2.86 (p=0.0570), over 60 is 1.81 (p=0.34). If the odds ratio of female is 1.0 then that of male is 5.67 (p<0.01). If the odds ratio of body index below zero is 1.0 then that of $0{\sim}9$ is 5.08 (p<0.01), $10{\sim}19$ is 12.37 (p<0.01), $20{\sim}29$ is 29.19 (p<0.01), 30 above is 154.02 (p<0.01). If the odds ratio of below 99 mg/dl FBS is 1.0 then that of $100{\sim}120$ is 106 (p=0.76), over 120 is 1.91 (p=0.02). If the odds ratio of below $29{\mu}/1{\gamma}-GT$ is 1.0 then that of $30{\sim}s59$ is 2.11 (p<0.01), $60{\sim}90$ is 1.87 (p<0.05), 90 above is 1.69 (p=0.15). If the odds ratio of below 149 mg/dl TG is 1.0 then $150{\sim}199$ is 1.49 (p=0.05), $200{\sim}250$ is 1.09 (P=0.77), 250 above is 2.53 (p<0.01). In summary, early diagnosis of fatty liver could be made by ultrasonogram supplemented with body index and nm triglyceride. The fatty liver could be preventive by avoiding contributing factors such as obesity, alcohol intake, high blood sugar appropriately.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제44권2호
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• pp.188-195
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• 2018

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the association between vitamin D deficiency and the risk of diabetes mellitus, and also examined whether their association is differed by sex and age. Methods: We analyzed the data from 28,135 subjects ${\geq}20years$ old who were registered for the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) 2008-2014. Vitamin D was measured using serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentrations. Results: After adjusting for potential confounders (age, sex, education, income, total energy intake, smoking, physical activity, body mass index, and waist circumference), lower vitamin D was dose-dependently associated with a higher risk of diabetes mellitus (p-trend=0.004). When compared with the sufficient group (25(OH)D ${\geq}30ng/mL$), the severe deficient group (25(OH)D <10 ng/mL) had 1.46 (95% CI 1.11-1.94) odds ratio for the risk of diabetes mellitus. This association was markedly strong in men and adults aged ${\geq}40$, whereas no significant association was observed in women and adults aged <40. Conclusions: We found that vitamin D deficiency may be associated with an increased risk for diabetes mellitus in Korean adults. Our findings suggest that intake of higher vitamin D may help reduce the risk of diabetes mellitus.

• 보건행정학회지
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.107-118
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• 2018

Background: The purpose of this study was to investigate the estimated proportion for influenza vaccination and to identify factors associated with influenza vaccination in Korean diabetic patients. Methods: Data from the fourth, fifth, and sixth (except for 2013) Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (n=3,726) was used. A chi-square test was performed to investigate the estimated proportion for influenza vaccination, and a multiple logistic regression analysis was used to identify the factors associated with self-reported influenza vaccination. Results: In men, 28.8% of diabetes patients 30-64 years of age, and 76.1% of elderly (over 65 years of age) diabetes patients received influenza vaccination. In women, 37.7% of diabetes patients 30-64 years of age, and 78.4% of elderly diabetes patients received influenza vaccination (p<0.0001). The determinants of influenza vaccination were marriage, hypertension (odds ratio [OR], 1.55; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.07-2.24), residence within a mega city, unemployment (OR, 3.94; 95% CI, 1.24-12.54), and exercise via (weekly) walking for diabetic men; and hypertension (OR, 1.71; 95% CI, 1.16-2.52), chronic disease (OR, 1.81; 95% CI, 1.08-3.02), and exercise via walking (OR, 2.65; 95% CI, 1.49-4.73) for diabetic women. Conclusion: Influenza vaccination remains relatively low in young diabetic patients. It is necessary to recommend vaccination to young diabetic patients, and to devise other strategies to improve vaccination.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제41권6호
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• pp.502-509
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• 2008

Anemia is common in Diabetes Mellitus(DM) with chronic kidney disease. Recent research suggests that DM itself also may be a risk factor of anemia even though kidney failure causes anemia. However, it has not been reported that the impact of DM on anemia in representative data of Korean population. A total of 5,417 Korean adults aged 20 years and older(2,328 men, 3,089 women) were selected from the participants of the 2005 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey(KNHANES) for this study. Anemia was defined as hemoglobin(Hb) < 13 g/dL and hematocrit(Hct) < 39% for men or Hb < 12 g/dL and Hct < 36% for women. DM was defined as a fasting blood glucose $\geq$ 126 mg/dL. Korean adults with anemia had a higher prevalence of DM than in normal adults(11.4 vs 7.5%; p<0.0001). The unadjusted odds ratio(OR) for anemia was greater in Korean men with DM than in normal men(OR=4.25; 95% CI: 2.48-7.29). This results did not differ after adjustment for the putative risk factors for anemia including chronic disease(OR=2.64; 95% CI: 1.45-4.83). However, the presence of DM was not related with anemia in Korean women. In conclusion, this study revealed that DM might be an independent risk factor for anemia in Korean men. Identification and management for anemia are needed in Korean population with DM as well.

• Journal of Obesity & Metabolic Syndrome
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.52-60
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• 2017

Background: This study investigated the relationship between depressive symptoms and physical fitness, obesity indices, and vitamin D status in office workers. Methods: The subjects were 514 adults with more 30 years of experience as office workers in the city of Seoul. Lifestyle risk factors, obesity indices, physical fitness, and serum vitamin D levels were assessed with a standardized protocol. The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) was used to assess depression status. Vitamin D status was assessed by measuring serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations. Based on the BDI scores, participants were classified into no depression (ND, $BDI{\leq}9$), mild depression (MiD, $10{\leq}BDI{\leq}15$), and moderate depression (MoD, $16{\leq}BDI{\leq}23$) groups. Results: Compared with the high cardiorespriatory fitness group, the low cardiorespiratory fitness (men OR=2.618, women OR=1.596) an middle cardiorespiratory fitness group (men OR=1.256, women OR=1.110) had significantly higher odds ratio for having depressive symptoms, even after adjustment for age, hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, cardiovascular disease, alcohol intake, smoking, body mass index (BMI), percent body fat (%BF), and waist circumference (WC). Compared with the insufficient or deficient vitamin D group , the sufficient vitamin D group had significantly lower odds ratios for having depressive symptoms (men OR=0.121, women OR=0.114), even after adjustment for age, hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, cardiovascular disease, alcohol intake, smoking, BMI, %BF, and WC. Conclusion: Vitamin D supplementation and outdoor activities should be key components of a lifestyle intervention against office workers' depression.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.332-345
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• 2023

Objectives: We examined the association of hearing with cardio-metabolic diseases, dyslipidemia, hypertension and diabetes mellitus according to the personal and occupational characteristics of workers exposed to noise. Methods: The subjects of the study were 237,028 workers who underwent 2, 3, and 4 kHz airway pure tone audiometry in 2015 and who underwent clinical tests to diagnose cardiovascular-metabolic diseases. Cardiovascular-metabolic diseases were defined using reference values for respective items including blood pressure (systolic/diastolic), fasting blood glucose, cholesterol, and triglycerides. The airway pure tone hearing threshold of 2, 3, and 4 kHz, the average threshold of 2-3-4 kHz, and the hearing loss by the average threshold of the primary examination were distinguished. Results: Workers with cardiovascular-metabolic disease had significantly higher average hearing thresholds and higher rates of hearing loss. Logistic regression analysis, which adjusted for demographic variables of gender and age and occupational variables such as workplace size, industry, and type of work, and cardiovascular-metabolic disease as independent variables, showed that the odds ratio of hypertension to hearing loss in the mid-frequency was 1.239 (95% confidence interval: 1.118-1.374). For hypertension was 1.159 (1.107-1.214) and for diabetes it was 1.166 (1.104-1.230) for hearing loss in the high-frequency. Hearing loss measured by mean hearing was 1.178 (1.105-1.256) for hypertension and 1.181 (1.097-1.271) for diabetes. Conclusions: Cardiovascular-metabolic diseases in noise-exposed workers are associated with an increased risk of hearing loss and should be accompanied by bio-monitoring of cardiovascular-metabolic diseases in addition to auditory surveillance.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.51-64
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• 2024

Objectives: This study examined the association between ultra-processed food (UPF) consumption and chronic diseases in elderly Koreans. Methods: Data from the 2019-2021 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were analyzed. Dietary intake and UPF consumption were assessed using the NOVA food classification based on 24-hour recall data from 3,790 participants (aged 65+ years). Participants were divided into 4 groups based on the quartile of energy intake from UPFs. Regions were classified as urban or rural. Multivariable logistic regression was employed to estimate the adjusted odds ratios (AORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) after controlling for potential confounders. Results: Among the participants, 71.3% resided in urban and 28.7% in rural areas. Compared to the urban elderly, rural participants tended to be older, have lower education and income levels, be more likely to live in single-person households, and have a higher smoking rate (P < 0.05). Urban elderly consumed more UPFs daily (146.1 g) compared to rural residents (126.6 g; P < 0.05). "Sugar-sweetened beverages" were the most consumed category in both regions. "Sweetened milk and its products" and "traditional sauces" were prominent in urban areas, while rural elderly consumed more "traditional sauces" and "distilled alcoholic beverages." Rural areas also had a higher carbohydrate-to-calorie ratio than urban areas. Compared to the lowest quartile of UPF intake, the highest quartile was significantly associated with impaired fasting glucose only in rural areas (AOR, 1.48; 95% CI, 1.00-2.19; P for trend = 0.0014). No significant associations were observed for diabetes in either urban or rural areas. Conclusions: This study suggests that high intake of UPFs is associated with increased odds of impaired fasting glucose in rural elderly. Further research is needed to elucidate the specific negative health effects of UPFs in different populations, and targeted efforts should promote healthy diets in both urban and rural areas.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제55권2호
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• pp.263-277
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• 2022

본 연구 결과 우리나라 40세 이상 성인에서 FBDI와 당뇨병 발생률 간의 상관성은 없었으나 당화혈색소 수준과 상관관계를 가지고, 이러한 경향은 여성이거나 운동을 하지 않는 사람, 그리고 비만인 경우 영향을 더 많이 받는다는 결과를 도출해냈다. 이는 앞으로 우리나라 당뇨병 관리 측면에서 염증을 고려한 다각화된 임상영양치료의 발판이 되리라 사료된다. 또한 추후 장기간의 추적 연구를 통해 식사염증지표와 당뇨병의 발생에 대한 추가적인 연구가 필요한 것으로 보이며, 당뇨병의 심각성에 관한 연구는 거의 없는 실정이기 때문에 추후 연구가 반드시 필요하다고 사료된다. 본 연구를 발판 삼아 추가적인 연구를 기반으로 임상현장에서 식사염증지표가 당뇨병 관리 도구로 활용될 수 있기를 기대하는 바이다.

• Epidemiology and Health
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• 제39권
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• pp.36.1-36.8
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• 2017

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the screening rates for gastric, breast, and cervical cancer in people with diabetes compared with people without diabetes. METHODS: Data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2007-2009) were used. Cancer-free men who were 40 years old and over and cancer-free women who were 30 years old and over were included. The lifetime screening rate and regular screening rate were compared in people with and without diabetes. RESULTS: Fewer people with diabetes than people without diabetes had ever received cancer screening (53.5 vs. 59.5%, p<0.001 for gastric cancer; 60.5 vs. 71.5%, p<0.001 for breast cancer; and 49.1 vs. 59.6%, p<0.001 for cervical cancer). Fewer people with diabetes than people without diabetes received the recommended screenings for gastric cancer (38.9 vs. 42.9%, p<0.001), breast cancer (38.8 vs. 44.6%, p<0.001), and cervical cancer (35.1 vs. 51.2%, p<0.001). In subgroup analyses according to socioeconomic factors, the lifetime and recommended screening rates were lower in the diabetic population in most socioeconomic subgroups. In the multivariate analysis adjusted for socioeconomic factors, people with diabetes showed lower lifetime screening rates for gastric and cervical cancer (odds ratio [OR], 0.8; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.7 to 0.9 and OR, 0.7; 95% CI, 0.6 to 0.9), and lower regular screening rates for breast and cervical cancer (OR, 0.7; 95% CI, 0.6 to 0.9 and OR, 0.7; 95% CI, 0.5 to 0.9). CONCLUSIONS: The cancer screening rate in people with diabetes was lower than in people without diabetes. Considering the higher cancer risk in people with diabetes, efforts to increase the screening rate in this high-risk population should be implemented.