• 대한한방내과학회지
• /
• 제22권3호
• /
• pp.423-430
• /
• 2001

Objects: The purpose of this case-control study was done to examine the relationship between stroke prevalence and the anthropometric indices(body mass index(BMI), modified Broca's method(Broca's index), waist circumference(WC), waist-hip ratio(WHR)), dyslipidemia, past medical history(heart disease, hypertension, diabetes mellitus(DM)), life-style factors(smoking, drinking) in Korean adults. Methods : The study group consisted of neurologically confirmed 116 stroke patients as the case group and 116 non-stroke patients as control group. Obesity were defined as $BMI{\geq}25kg/m^2,\;Broca's\;index{\geq}30%$, WC >94cm in male and WC >80cm in female, $WHR{\geq}0.9$ in male and $WHR{\geq}0.8$ in female. Oyslipidemia were defined as total $cholesterol{\geq}200mg/dl,\;triglyceride{\geq}200mg/dl,\;HDL-cholesterol {\leq}35mg/dl,\;LDL-cholesterol{\geq}160mg/dl$. Information on life-style factors and past medical history was obtained from personal interview. The analysis of the data was done by means of chi-square test(Pearson's chi-square test, Fisher's exact test) and student t-test. Results: The results were as follow. In the study group: Hypertension had a 4:05 odds ratio, Broca's $index{\geq}30%$ had a 1.98 odds ratio, WC >94cm in male had a 2.17 odds ratio, WC >80cm in female had a 2.80 odds ratio, $WHR{\geq}0.9$ in male had a 4.66 odds ratio, $WHR{\geq}0.8$ in female had a 5.35 odds ratio, but heart disease, DM, life-style factors, serum lipid and 8MI had no direct relationship with odds ratio(nonsignificant). By student t-test, risk factors for stroke were found to be total cholesterol(p=0,025), LDL-cholesterol(p=0.013), WC(p=0.000) and WHR(p=0.000). Conclusions: This study suggests that people should be advised to control hyperlitension, hyperlipidemia and obesity since these carry a risk of stroke.

• 정보저장시스템학회논문집
• /
• 제11권1호
• /
• pp.16-21
• /
• 2015

An archive system is designed to store data for a long time without loss. However, many important factors such as temperature, dust, vibration, and humidity must be considered to design a successful archive system. Read/write devices, for example optical disk drives(ODDs), in an archive system generate heat while they are in operation. Fans are usually used to remove heat but the air flow accompanies dust into the system result in system failure. In this study, an archive system with six ODDs is chosen as an analysis model and flow together with temperature distributions are computed using a CFD simulation package. Flow analysis is focused on four cooling fans at the rear panel and temperature distribution is studied for various cases of fan operation. From the temperature point of view, fans give significant effects on $4^{th}$ to $6^{th}$ ODDs compared to the $1^{st}$ to $3^{rd}$ ODDs. Also, it is noticed which fan is the most important as far as cooling is concerned.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• 제16권6호
• /
• pp.2375-2378
• /
• 2015

Background: The effects of diet on epidemiology of prostate cancer are inconclusive. Therefore a hospitalbased, case-control study was conducted in a rural population of Faisalabad, Pakistan, to examine the impact of dietary factors on risk of cancer development. Materials and Methods: This study was based on 102 confirmed cases of prostate cancer and 204 normal controls. Logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for odds ratios to evaluate the relationship between prostate cancer and diet. Results: Consumption of red meat and fat items significantly increased the prostate cancer risk having odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals of 3.41; 1.46-7.96 and 2.45; 1.17-5.15, respectively. On the other hand, more consumption of vegetables, fluid intake and fruit significantly decreased the prostate cancer risk (odd ratios and corresponding 95% confidence intervals of 0.21; 0.10-0.44, 0.10; 0.05- 0.19 and 0.09; 0.03- 0.23, respectively. Conclusions: The present study supports the hypothesis that frequent consumption of red meat and fat items may increase prostate cancer risk while more intake of fruit, vegetables and fluid intake may protect against prostate cancer in the relatively low risk group in rural Pakistan.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• 제15권23호
• /
• pp.10237-10240
• /
• 2015

Background: Prostate cancer is the third most commonly diagnosed cancer among males in Pakistan but very little is known about risk factors among the Pakistani population. Therefore a hospital-based, case-control study was carried out in Faisalabad to identify potential risk factors. Materials and Methods: This study was based on 140 prostate cancer cases and 280 normal controls. Logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for odds ratios to assess the relationship between prostate cancer and different risk factors. Results: Family history of prostate cancer, age, smoking, obesity, consumption of red meat and frequent use of fat items significantly increased the prostate cancer risk (odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals of: 7.32; 1.79-29.8; 16.9, 5.60-50.8; 2.47, 1.17-5.18; 5.79, 2.66-12.6; 2.71, 1.07-6.91; and 3.39, 1.47-7.83, respectively. On the other hand, more consumption of fruit, fluid intake and better lifestyle (physical activity) significantly reduced the risk of developing prostate cancer with odd ratios and corresponding 95% confidence intervals of: 0.27, 0.11-0.61; 0.05, 0.02-0.12; and 0.28, 0.13-0.58. Conclusions: The results of the present study suggested that age, family history of prostate cancer, smoking, obesity, fluid intake, frequent use of fat items, consumption of fruits and better lifestyle might be associated with prostate cancer among Pakistani males.

• 응용통계연구
• /
• 제18권2호
• /
• pp.471-485
• /
• 2005

범주형 자료분석에서 차원축소(collapsibility)는 오즈비로 설명되었다. 실제의 $2{\times}2{\times}K$ 분할표 자료를 이 이론에 적응시켰을 때 오즈비의 값으로 차원축소가 가능한지의 여부를 판단하기는 어렵다. 오즈비를 시각적으로 표현하는 방법 중에서 Doi, Nakamura와 Yamamoto(2001)가 제안한 Contour plot을 통해서 분할표 자료를 설명하는 것은 가능하지만 차원축소의 가능성을 결정하기에는 한계가 있다. 본 연구에서는 오즈비의 신뢰구간을 시각적으로 표현할 수 있는 방법으로 Barrowman과 Myers(2003)가 제안한 Raindrop plot을 이용하여 $2{\times}2{\times}K$ 분할표 자료를 설명할 수 있으며 동시에 차원축소의 가능성을 판단할 수 있는 방법을 제안하고자 한다.

• 응용통계연구
• /
• 제19권1호
• /
• pp.163-170
• /
• 2006

역학(epidemiology) 또는 임상(clinic) 자료를 분석하기 위한 주효 측도의 선택에 대한 연구가 계속되고 있지만, 주효 측도들이 일반적인 함수 형태로만 표현되는 경우에는 주효 측도들의 특징이나 관계를 이해하는 것이 쉽지 않다. 이 논문에서는 주효 측도의 선택 문제 보다는 이변량 자료에 대한 주효 측도 중에서 위험도차이(risk different: RD), 상대위험률(relative risk: RR), 그리고 교차비(odds ratio: OR)를 방사형 그림(radar diagram)을 사용하여 나타내고 이 그림을 이용하여 이들의 특성이나 관계를 살펴보았다. 방사형 그림은 이 측도들을 이해하는데 좋은 도구가 될 것이다.

• 동의생리병리학회지
• /
• 제31권3호
• /
• pp.194-199
• /
• 2017

This study aimed to identify the effects of lifestyle on Mibyeong, and provide basic data for health promotion activities for management of Mibyeong. A total of 405 data were analyzed for Daejeon University employees from July, 2015 to Jan, 2016. In this study, we collected the data about sex, age, BMI, dietary habit, physical activity, smoking, drinking, and Mibyeong index. There was a difference between Mibyeong groups according to irregular eating, eating of night snack, and smoking for men, while overeating, irregular eating, and physical activity for women. Logistics regression analysis, adjusting for sex and age, was used to estimate related factors of Mibyeong. Compared to the healthy group, Mibyeong 2 group tended to overeat 4 times a week with odds ratio of 3.52, eat irregularly with odds ratio of 2.67, lack of physical activity with odds ratio of 3.30, and to smoke with odds ratio of 3.07. This study suggests that lifestyle, particularly dietary habit, physical activities, and smoking, might be significantly associated with Mibyeong. Good lifestyle could help prevent Mibyeong.

• 보건교육건강증진학회지
• /
• 제27권1호
• /
• pp.1-8
• /
• 2010

Objectives: Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is highly associated with cervical cancer. So, the modification of the risk factors of HPV infection is essential for prevention of cervical cancer. This study was performed to evaluate the risk factors of HPV infection. Methods: HPV test of 12,337 study population conducted using Hybrid-Capture II assay(HC-II) and self-administered questionnaires were collected. The study population was people who visited hospital-based medical screening center from January to December 2007 and all were female employees or employees' partner. Results: In logistic regression analysis, smoking and alcohol drinking were significant factors, with odds ratios of 1.328 (95% CI 1.010~1.746) and 1.644 (95% CI 1.309~2.066), respectively. Nutritional supplements was also significant factor, which odds ratio was 1.161 (95% CI 1.004~1.343). Oral contraceptives was positive association with HPV infection (odds ratio 2.108; 95% CI 1.217~3.652), whereas condom was negative association (odds ratio 0.851; 95% CI 0.740~0.979). Conclusion: HPV Prevalence of 12,377 study population was 11.4%. Smoking, alcohol drinking, nutritional supplements and oral contraceptives were possible risk factors of HPV infection, and condom had possible preventive effect on HPV infection. Further prospective and comprehensive studies about HPV risk factors are required.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
• /
• 제10권1호
• /
• pp.29-36
• /
• 1999

분할표 분석에서 승산비 (odds ratio)에 대한 추론은 중요하다. 이에 대한 정확한 추론은 비중심초기하(noncentral hypergeometric) 분포의 누적확률등의 계산이 요구되어 표본의 크기가 클 경우 많은 양의 계산과 계산시간이 요구되므로 StatXact 등의 프로그램을 이용하는 것이 일반적이다. 본 논문에서는 정확한 추론에 대한 대안적 방법으로 안부점 근사(saddlepoint approximation)의 결과를 이용한 점근적 추론법을 제시하였다. 이 방법은 비교적 소표본의 경우에도 정확한 추론의 결과와 일치하며, 기존의 정규근사를 이용한 방법에 비해 매우 뛰어난 정확도를 유지함을 예제를 통해 확인하였다.

• 응용통계연구
• /
• 제34권5호
• /
• pp.807-822
• /
• 2021

오즈 곡선으로 설명이 가능한 정확도 측도들을 살펴보고, 오즈 곡선의 성질을 바탕으로 대안적인 최대 사각형 정확도 측도를 제안한다. 다양한 확률분포함수와 실증예제를 고려하여 정확도 측도들에 대응하는 분류점을 구하고, 분류점을 측정하는 통계량들을 비교하면서 특징을 토론한다. 그러므로 ROC 곡선 등과 유사하게 오즈 곡선으로부터도 최적분류점들을 발견하고 설명할 수 있으며, 최대사각형 측도는 이진 분류모형의 성능을 향상시킬 수 있는 정확도 측도로 활용할 수 있다.