• KSBB Journal
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.357-362
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• 2010

Green alga, Ulva pertusa kjelmann has been known to be one of the largest pollutants in Korea. Therefore, the efficient pretreatment processes have been required to improve the yields of fermentable sugar. The optimal pretreatment conditions were determined to be $195^{\circ}C$ for 15 min. The sugar yield of glucose and xylose were estimated as 20.5%, and 5.0% respectively, based on theoretical yields. However solid residues were estimated enzymatic digestibility of 90-95% with cellulase loading of 15 FPU/g glucan. This process was proved to generate the low concentration of Hydroxy-Methyl-Furfural (51 ppm), which resulted in ethanol production with 95% of the maximum conversion yield from glucose in the culture of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (ATCC, 24858). This study showed that Ulva pertusa kjellmann can be used as a bioetahnol resource using the high temperature liquefaction process.

• 한국가구학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.77-91
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• 2015

The appeal of sauna is caused by the fact that through that, one can feel Korea's unique temperament and culture; however, because of its being a public facility and flooding of businesses due to excessive supplies of various additional features such as washing, playing, eating, sleeping and health care functions, issues of social resources and environment come to the fore, so it has reached a situation of red ocean that it is difficult to enter the market anymore. Taking these into account, this study focused on developing a thermal technology and design of the housing of an environment-friendly mobile home sauna, making the most use of the sauna's fundamental purpose and settling it as a tourist product, analyzing the marketing research on the existing sauna and considering the recent housing trends and lifestyles for a new concept sauna. Thus, regarding its characteristics and utilization, it was designed smaller than $10m^2$ (3 pyeong) so that it would be easy to install in any space and convenient to move. It can be installed in separate buildings and rest spaces such as country houses, resorts, pensions, camping grounds as well as outdoor houses, custom produced for a measure of pyeong that customers want so as to match up with the Enforcement Ordinance of the Agricultural Land Act in a concept of the farmer's hut and kitchen, bathroom and bathroom can be installed inside according to an option. In addition, regarding its efficacy, in order to give environment-friendly healing effects, materials such as Hinoki Cypress, red clay and hardwood charcoal were used, a fixed indoor temperature of $70{\sim}100^{\circ}C$ was maintained by heating methods such as electromagnetic wave free, energy saving and low-power boiler, and it was made to have excellent effects on fatigue recovery, relieving stress, skin care and diet through far-infrared emission.

• BMB Reports
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.355-363
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• 1998

MHC unrestricted, antigen nonspecific killing by $CD4^+$ T-cells against virally-infected target cells was induced following cross-linking of CD4 molecules. The cytotoxicity of antibody-activated $CD4^+$ T-cells was abolished by genistein (4',5,7-trihydroxyisoflavone), a protein tyrosine kinase (PTK) inhibitor, but not by H-7, a protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor. Genisteintreated human or bovine peripheral blood $CD4^+$ T-cells lacked PTK activity and failed to kill virally-infected target cells even after cross-linking of CD4 molecules. The cross-linking of CD4 molecules did not induce effector cell proliferation or the transcription of TNF ${\beta}$. TNF ${\beta}$ synthesis was up-regulated by incubating antibody activated effector cells with bovine herpesvirus type 1 (BHV-1) infected D17 target cells. Anti-TNF ${\beta}$ antibody partially abrogated direct effector cell-mediated antiviral cytotoxicity. On the other hand, this antibody effectively neutralized antiviral activity of effector and target cell culture supernatants against BHV-1 infected D17 cells. The inhibition level of the antiviral activity by the antibody was dependent on effector and target cell ratio. These findings have importance to define the mechanisms of how CD4 cytotoxic cells control viral infection.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.734-739
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• 2005

Myxobacterium sp. HK1, isolated from Korean soil, degrades cellulose, differentiates to fruiting body, and its 16s rDNA has $95\%$ similarity to Polyangium sp. An anticancer molecule, CDMHK, was identified from culture broth of Myxobacterium sp. HK1, and purified by Diaion HP20, Silica gel, Sephadex LH-20 chromatography, and preparative HPLC using an YMC OSD-A C18 column. The molecular structure and formula were determined to be $C_{l2}H_{l9}N_3O_2$ (M.W 237) by MS spectrometry, 300 MHz $^{1}H\;and\;^{13}C$ NMR. The CDMHK was not active against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Candida albicans. However, this molecule inhibited the growth of various cancer cell lines. The $ED_{50}$ values of CDMHK were determined to be 0.147, 0.086, 0.18, 0.166, and 0.142 $\mu$g/ml against A549, SK-OV-3, SK-MEL-2, VF498, and HCTl5 cancer cell lines, respectively. In addition, the CDMHK was able to induce apoptosis of the CCRF-CEM cancer cell line, evidenced by DNA fragmentation assay and DAPI staining.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.117-123
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• 2012

The starry flounder Platichthys stellatus, like all flatfish, exhibits conspicuous lateral asymmetry in numerous traits, most obvious of which is the migration of one eye to the other side of the head during metamorphosis. Additional changes related to eye migration include asymmetrical pigmentation, and a behavioral shift from larvae that exhibit upright, open-water swimming to juveniles and adults that lie on the ocean floor, eye side up. However, the morphology of these juveniles has been quite plastic in recent years, a phenomenon which is thought to be related to a diverse suite of semi-intensive and intensive larviculture methods. The cause of morphological abnormalities in the farmed flatfish is poorly understood. In the present study, we observe the features of morphological specificity and abnormality of immature fish (mean total length 23 cm) and survey the occurrence frequency of the specificity and abnormality of juvenile (mean total length 6.70 cm) in artificial culture facility. We find 2 types of abnormality (e.g., albino in ocular side and hypermelanosis in blind side) and 1 type of specificity (e.g., lateral polymorphism). These considerably differ from normal individuals (has sinistral eye and pigmented on only one side) by several characteristics (dextral eye, ocular side albinism, blind side hypermelanosis). The incidences of albinism, hypermelanosis, and body reversal are $10.1{\pm}2.56%$, $91.7{\pm}1.7%$, and $13.1{\pm}1.1%$, respectively. These suggest that these morphometric and morphological differences occur more in artificial environment during and just after metamorphosis.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.24-32
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• 2004

A mathematical model is used to investigate nitrogen dynamics in the intensive aquaculture ponds in the western coast of Korea. Parameters associated with water quality, sediments and growing of shrimp (Fenneropenaeus chinensis) are measured to calibrate the model for feeding ponds A and B and storage ponds. The model describes the fate of nitrogen including loadings of ammonia from feeds, phytoplankton assimilation, nitrification, sedimentation, volatilization and discharge. The model obtains good agreements with the measured values of TAN $(NH_4,\;NH_3),\;NO(NO_2,\;NO_3)$ and Chl (chlorophyll a). Impacts of water exchange on TAN and Chl are investigated, showing that the range of 0.01-0.2 (/day) cannot effectively reduce TAN but reduces Chl. Nitrogen in the ponds A is removed by sedimentation $66\%,$ volatilization $8\%,$ discharge of particulate and dissolved $8\%.$ The pond B shows $56\%\;and\;26\%$ of sedimentation and volatilization, respectively, to yield $10\%.$ decrease and 8c/o increase compared to those in the pond A. While the pond A has larger area (1.02:0.66 ha) and same stocking density (0.025 md./L) at the beginning of culture, the pond B obtains higher stocking density (0.0065:0.0091 md./L), longer feeding period (103:121 day) and resultant higher shrimp production (1.15:2.13 t/ha/cycle) at harvest. This is possibly due to the hydraulic characteristics driven by paddlewheels. At low ratio of the low speed area and the pond area, the rate of sedimentation is high, while the rate of gas exchange is low. Thus, the measurement and model analysis suggest that water quality and shrimp production are positively correlated with the hydraulic characteristics in the shrimp ponds.

• 한국패류학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.25-32
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• 2003

To know the effects of the red tide and toxic dinoflagellates on survival and growth of larvae of the mussel, Mytilus galloprovincialis, laboratory experiments were conducted by incubating larvae with either unialgal culture of 4 dinoflagellate species (Amphidinium carterae, Prorocentrum triestinum, Gymnodinium impudicum, or Akashiwo sanguinea) or a standard food (Isochrysis galbana) for 10 days. The survival of larvae was higher than 80% when the food was A. carterae, G. impudicum, or A. sanguinea. The lowest survival (20%) was found when the food was P. triestinum. When the food was P. triestinum, the survival of larvae rapidly decreased from 87% at day 4 down to ca. 50% at day 6, and 20% at day 10. This implies that the larval population of M. galloprovincialis can seriously be affected if they are exposed to the red tide water dominated by P. triestinum for more than 4 days. Shell length of larvae either increased or decreased according to the food species. When the food was A. carterae, G. impudicum, or A. sanguinea, shell length of larvae increased. But, it decreased when the food was P. triestinum. Though shell length increased in 3 treatments, the daily increments (0.63 $\mu$ m for A. carterae, 0.46 m for $\mu$ G. impudicum, and 1.10 m for $\mu$ A. sanguinea) were smaller than that of the standard food (3.79 m for $\mu$ I. galbana). Correlation analyses chowed that the change in shell length was not significant when the food was A. carterae or G. impudicum. Therefore, all of 4 dinoflagellates affected the growth of M. galloprovincialis larvae: growth was negative for P. triestinum, nil for A. carterae and G. impudicum, and positive but lower than standard food for A. sanguinea. These imply that the dinoflagellates are less valuable as foods for M. galloprovincialis larvae. So, decreased growth rate of larvae is expected during red tides, which will consequently cause delayed metamorphosis or failure to recruitment to the adult populations. In considering the harmful effects of red tides on the aquatic ecosystem, not only the effects on adult populations of fish and shellfish, but also the effects on larval populations should be included.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.179-186
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• 2010

응집성 효모인 S. cerevisiae ATCC 96581를 이용한 최적의 에탄올 생산 공정 전략에 대하여 연구하였다. 효모의 특성을 고려하여, 효모 응집공정이 있는 반복 유가식 공정을 설계하였고, 이때 비멸균 포도당 분말을 매 12시간 마다 첨가하였고, 새로운 feeding medium을 24시간 혹은 36시간마다 세포 응집 후 교체 하였다. 이때 효모 응집이 없는 반복 유가식 공정과 비교 검토하였다. 최종적으로 24시간마다 세포를 응집시키고 상층배지를 제거하고 새로운 배지를 넣으면서 반복 유가식 에탄올 생산을 하는 것이 최적의 조건임을 알 수 있었고, 이때 120시간 동안 825 g의 에탄올을 생산 할 수 있었다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.1851-1857
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• 2014

Objective: The main purpose of this work was to investigate the effect of berberine hydrochloride (BH) on the proliferation, apoptosis, migration, and invasion of CNE-1 nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells. Our results shed light on the functional components of traditional Chinese herbs for potential use in modern medicine. Methods: The CNE-1 cell line was treated with different concentrations of BH and effects on cell viability and proliferation were evaluated using the Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay. Anti-migratory and anti-invasive actions of BH were investigated using wound healing assays and the Millicell Hanging cell culture insert system, respectively. Expression of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related gene twist (Twist) was analyzed by real-time PCR and Western blotting. Apoptosis was estimated with an annexin-V fluorescein (FITC) apoptosis detection kit, as well as with reference to levels of activated caspase-3 of CNE-1 cells before and after treatment with BH utilizing fluorescence spectroscopy. Results: BH was capable of reducing proliferation and viability of CNE-1 cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner, also demonstrating anti-migratory and anti-invasive capacities which correlated with reduction in expression of Twist. Finally, BH was able to induce significant amounts of apoptosis in CNE-1 cells, as demonstrated by an increase in the activity of caspase-3 and in annexin-V staining following treatment. Conclusion: BH extracted from rhizoma coptidis demonstrated an ability to block proliferation, induce apoptosis, and impair the migration and invasion of the CNE-1 cell line Considering these properties, our results suggest that BH could be an important compound for consideration in the treatment of nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

• 한국지역지리학회지
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.355-375
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• 2007

본 연구는 생태관광, 글로벌 교육의 개념을 토대로 다소 연구 성과가 미흡한 오세아니아지역에 대하여 생태관광자원의 지리적 특징을 파악하고 호주 Cairns 지역을 사례로 현지답사를 한 후, 생태자원의 교육적 활용에 대해 고찰하였다. 답사지역은 Great Barrier Reef의 Green 섬, Queensland주 열대우림의 Barron Gorge 국립공원 삼림탐방프로그램, Eairns 근교 호주나비보호구역, Tjabutkai 원주민 문화공원을 선정하여 현지답사를 수행하였다. 사례연구를 통해 의미있는 글로벌 교육적 활용방안을 살펴보면 Green섬에서는 특수 제작된 수중관측소와 바닥이 유리로 된 배 등을 도입하여 해양생태를 효과적으로 보존하면서 탐사하도록 했고, 잘 디자인된 탐방로와 탐방시간 안내판 그리고 친절하게 생태교육을 담당하는 공원관리원이 주재하는 삼림탐방프로그램이 마련되었으며, 옛 산업열차를 보완하여 관광용열차로 재활용한 것은 환경보호를 위한 좋은 본보기였다. 나비보호구역에서는 여러 언어를 지원하는 안내체계를 갖추고 전문가와 함께하는 해설프로그램을 마련하였으며, 전 세계의 방문객들에게 원주민의 생활을 체험할 수 있도록 프로그램을 고안하여 자신의 문화를 널리 알리고, 방문객에게도 교육적인 효과를 충족시킬 수 있도록 하였다.