• 한국지구물리탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지구물리탐사학회 2008년도 공동학술대회
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• pp.79-84
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• 2008

초고해상 음향탐사는 기존의 고해상 음향탐사보다 투과력은 작지만 해상력이 뛰어나기 때문에 천해역에서의 해저환경조사에 유용하게 사용된다. 특히 상부 퇴적층의 정밀 층후 및 퇴적구조 확인을 통해 해저에 파묻혀 있는 pipeline, 침몰선박, 인위적 물체 등에 대한 탐색에 이용된다. 이 연구에서는 초고해상 지층탐사기를 이용하여 얻어진 지층탐사 기록과 지질자료를 대비하여 오염퇴적층을 구분하였다. 그리고 지층 기록에 나타나는 음향이상을 해석하여 해저에 매설된 케이블의 매설 깊이를 검측하였다.

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제36권12호
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• pp.851-857
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• 2014

본 연구에서는 해양오염퇴적물의 유기 오염물질을 제거하기 위한 세척기반처리 공정 중 중금속 특히 생물이용이 가능한 중금속 부분(Bioavailable Heavy Metal)의 동시 처리 가능성에 대해 평가하였다. 해양오염퇴적물 정화사업 대상인 N해역에서 퇴적물을 채취하여 본 연구의 시료로 사용하였다. 세척기반처리 공정에서 첨가제로는 산화제인 과산화수소($H_2O_2$)와 비이온 계면활성제(Tween-80)를 사용하였다. 퇴적물과 해수의 고액비는 1 : 3이며 과산화수소의 농도 1 M, 3 M, 4 M, 5 M과 0.05% Tween-80을 첨가하여 각 반응 시간(10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80분, 24시간) 조건에서 시험하였다. 그 결과 총유기탄소(Total Organic Carbon, TOC) 제거 효율은 5 M + 0.05% Tween-80 24시간에서 최대 55.2%로 나타났다. 중금속 총 함량(Total Heavy Metals)은 구리(Cu), 아연(Zn), 카드뮴(Cd) 각각 29.5, 42.3, 73.0%의 제거 효율로 5 M + 0.05% Tween-80 10분에서 가장 좋은 제거효율을 보였다. 생물이용이 가능한 중금속 부분의 경우도 Cu, Zn, Cd에서 각각 60.0, 77.7, 90.2%로 5 M + 0.05% Tween-80 10분에서 가장 좋은 효율을 나타내어 유기물 처리 공정에서의 Cu, Zn, Cd 등 일부 중금속의 동시 제거 가능성을 확인하였다. 총유기탄소 함량과 생물이용이 가능한 중금속 부분의 상관분석 결과 제거 된 Cu, Zn, Cd은 $r^2$값이 0.94, 0.85, 0.69로 좋은 상관관계를 보여주었다.

• 한국항해항만학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국항해항만학회 2015년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.179-180
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• 2015

The variety of organic and inorganic pollutants are introduced to coastal sediment and making highly contaminated due to rapid development of industralization and economic development. Numerous contaminants are release into marine sediment and it significantly affect marine aquatic environment. In the present study stated the optimize the biostimulant ball (BSB) in coastal sedimentand stabilse the heavy metals present in the sediment. The effective variables like BSB size, distance and month variables on Cu stabilization was determined by using Response surface methodology(RSM). The analysis of variance (ANOVA) and coefficient determination (R2) of Cu reduction 0.9610 and maximum stabilisation was obtained in 3cm ball size and 5.5cm distance and 4 month interval time. This result revealed that the BSB in effective for Cu reduction in coastal sediment.

• 한국항해항만학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국항해항만학회 2014년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.87-88
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• 2014

The Coastal sediment is highly contaminated due to ship transportation, industries discharges and urban sources. Various contaminants release into seawater and settle in marine sediment and it significantly affect marine eco system. In the present study evaluated the optimization of slow release biostimulant ball (BSB) in coastal sediment in busan. The effective variables like BSB size, distance and month variables on VS reduction was determined by using Response surface methodology(RSM). The analysis of variance (ANOVA) and coefficient determination (R2) of VS was 0.9369 and maximum reduction of VS was obtained in 3cm ball size and 5.5cm distance and 4 month interval time. This result revealed that the BSB in effective VS reduction in coastal sediment.

• Journal of Microbiology
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• 제43권4호
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• pp.319-324
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• 2005

Estuarine sediments are frequently polluted with hydrocarbons from fuel spills and industrial wastes. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are components of these contaminants that tend to accumulate in the sediment due to their low aqueous solubility, low volatility, and high affinity for particulate matter. The toxic, recalcitrant, mutagenic, and carcinogenic nature of these compounds may require aggressive treatment to remediate polluted sites effectively. In petroleum-contaminated sediments near a petrochemical industry in Gwangyang Bay, Korea, in situ PAH concentrations ranged from 10 to 2,900 ${\mu}g/kg$ dry sediment. To enhance the biodegradation rate of PAHs under anaerobic conditions, sediment samples were amended with biostimulating agents alone or in combination: nitrogen and phosphorus in the form of slow-release fertilizer (SRF), lactate, yeast extract (YE), and Tween 80. When added to the sediment individually, all tested agents enhanced the degradation of PAHs, including naphthalene, acenaphthene, anthracene, fluorene, phenanthrene, fluoranthene, pyrene, chrysene, and benzo [a] pyrene. Moreover, the combination of SRF, Tween 80, and lactate increased the PAH degradation rate 1.2-8.2 times above that of untreated sediment (0.01-10 ${\mu}g$ PAH/ kg dry sediment/day). Our results indicated that in situ contaminant PAHs in anoxic sediment, including high molecular weight PAHs, were degraded biologically and that the addition of stimulators increased the biodegradation potential of the intrinsic microbial populations. Our results will contribute to the development of new strategies for in situ treatment of PAH-contaminated anoxic sediments.

• 해양환경안전학회지
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.492-499
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• 2021

육상으로부터 각종 오염물질이 유입되는 하구역은 오염관리에 주의를 기울일 필요가 있다. 본 연구에서는 석탄회 조립물과 하구의 오염 퇴적물을 혼합하여 저서 환경 개선 효과 및 저서 미생물의 군집 구조 변화를 조사하였다. 하구 퇴적물과 석탄회 조립물을 7:3의 비율로 혼합하여 1개월 동안 반응시킨 후 환경 및 미생물 군집을 분석하였다. 퇴적물의 환경인자를 분석한 결과, 석탄회 조립물이 혼합된 실험구의 pH는 11까지 증가하였다. 실험구의 DIP 농도는 석탄회 조립물과의 반응을 통해 생성된 인산칼슘으로 인해 대조구 대비 30 % 감소하였다. 또한 대조구 대비 실험구에서 증가한 Gammaproteobacteria 강은 DIP 감소에 영향을 줄 수 있음을 확인하였다. DIN 농도는 대조구 대비 실험구에서 2배 이상 증가하였는데, 이는 높은 pH 및 석탄회 조립물에서 용출되는 NH₄⁺-N의 영향인 것으로 판단된다. 질소 순환과 관련된 미생물은 대조구 및 실험구 모두에서 확인되지 않았다. 따라서, 석탄회 조립물은 오염된 하구 퇴적물의 DIP 농도 감소에 효과적이며, 저서 미생물 군집이 인의 순환에 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국미생물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국미생물학회 2002년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.15-21
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• 2002

Terminal-restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) analysis has been optimized by using in vitro model community composed of genomic DNAs of known bacterial strains and has been applied to assess the bacterial community structure in marine sediments. The specific fluorescence-labeled terminal restriction fragments (T-RFs) between 39 and 839 base long specifying each strain were precisely measured for known bacterial strains. The addition of a co-solvent (dimethylsulfoxide or glycerol) into PCR reactions has reduced differential PCR amplification. Comparative bacterial community structure was investigated for pristine and polluted sediments. A complex T-RFLP pattern showing complex bacterial community structure was obtained in the pristine sediment, whereas simple T-RFLP pattern (low bacterial diversity) was shown in polluted sediments where caged aquaculture has been conducted for several years. The results of T-RFLP analysis were compared with that of cloning and sequencing 16S rDNA clones from the same sediments. Sequence analysis of 16S rDNA clones (72) of the pristine sediment revealed a diverse collection of lineages, largely of the class Proteobacteria ($6\%$ alpha subdivision, $46\%$ gamma subdivision, $13\%$ delta subdivision, and $3\%$ epsilon subdivision), Nitrospina $(8\%)$, high G+C gram positive $(8\%)$, Verrucomicrobia $(7\%)$, and Planctomycetes $(6\%)$. In the contaminated sediments, 17 $(59\%)$ of the 16S rDNA clones (29) were related to Campylobacter and symbiont of Rimicaris exoculata belonging to epsilon subdivision of Proteobacteria. The results obtained indicated that T-RFLP analysis is a rapid and precise technique for comparative bacterial community analysis.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제30권2C호
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• pp.119-131
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• 2010

본 연구에서는 국내 해양오염 준설퇴적물을 활용한 시제품 제작 및 역학적, 환경적 실험을 통한 건설재료로서의 활용성을 조사하였다. 울산 방어진에서 수거한 준설토로 고화처리토 및 경량혼합토 공시체를 제작하여 압축특성 및 응력-변형 거동 등 물리적 특성을 파악하는 다양한 공학적 조사를 수행하였다. 해양오염토 유효활용을 위해 물리적 특성 외에 환경실험도 실시하였다. 제안된 준설토사 처리활용기준에 적용하였을 때는 구리성분 만이 활용가능기준을 약간 초과하였고 준설토 활용우려기준에는 모든 기준에 적합하여서 건설재료로 재활용하여도 환경적인 유해성은 없는 것으로 나타났다. 매립복토재로서 활용성 검토를 위한 준설토의 입도분석, 다짐시험, 아터버그 한계시험, 비중시험 및 단위중량시험 등을 수행한 결과, 모든 조건의 고화처리토는 매립작업을 원활히 하기위한 강도(대략 50kPa)를 만족하였다.

• Ocean Science Journal
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• 제40권1호
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• pp.17-24
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• 2005

A series of experiments were conducted to develop standard test organisms and test protocols for measuring sediment toxicity using candidate amphipods such as Mandibulophoxus mai, Monocorophium acherusicum, Haustorioides indivisus, and Haustorioides koreanus, which are indigenous to Korea. The relevant association of test species with sediment substrates was one of the important factors in sediment bioassay. The indigenous amphipods M mai and M. acherusicum were well associated with test sediments when they were exposed to various sediment substrates from sand to mud. The tolerant limits to various physico-chemical factors affecting bioassay results such as temperature, salinity and ammonia, as well as sensitivities to reference toxicant and contaminated sediments, were investigated using M. mai and M. acherusicum in the present study. These amphipods were tolerant to relatively wide ranges of salinity $(10{\sim}30\;psu)$ and ammonia (<50 ppm), and displayed relevant sensitivity to temperature as well. They are more sensitive to Cd, the reference toxicant, when compared to the standard test species used in other countries. Field-sediment toxicity tests revealed that M. mai would be more sensitive to sediment-associated pollutants than M. acherusicum, while the sensitivity of M. acherusicum was comparable to that of Leptocheirus plumulosus, which has been used as a standard test species in the United States of America. Overall results of this first attempt to develop an amphipod sediment toxicity test protocol in Korea indicated that M. mai and M. acherusicum would be applicable in the toxicity assessment of contaminated sediments, following the further evaluation encompassing various ecological and toxicological studies in addition to test method standardization.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.195-206
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• 2021

Contaminated marine sediment is a secondary pollution source in the coastal areas, which can result in increased nutrients concentrations in the overlying water. We analyzed the nutrients release characteristics into overlying water from sediments and the interaction among benthic circulation of nitrogen, phosphorus, iron, and sulfur were investigated in a preset sediment/water column. Profiles of pH, ORP, sulfur, iron, nitrogen, phosphorus pools were determined in the sediment and three different layers of overlying water. Variety types of sulfur in the sediments plays a significant role on nutrients transfer into overlying water. Dissimilatory nitrate reduction and various sulfur species interaction are predominantly embodied by the enhancing effects of sulfide on nitrogen reduction. Contaminant sediment take on high organic matter, which is decomposed by bacteria, as a result promote bacterial sulfate reduction and generate sulfide in the sediment. The sulfur and iron interactions had also influence on phosphorus cycling and released from sediment into overlying water may ensue over the dissolution of ferric iron intercede by iron-reducing bacteria. The nutrients release rate was calculated followed by release rate equation. The results showed that the sediments released large-scale quantity of ammonium nitrogen and phosphate, which are main inner source of overlying water pollution. A mechanical migration of key nutrients such as ammonia and inorganic phosphate was depicted numerically with Fick's diffusion law, which showed a fair agreement to most of the experimental data.