• 한국응용곤충학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국응용곤충학회 2002년도 추계 합동 특강 및 학술발표대회
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• pp.59-59
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• 2002

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.59-63
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• 1970

As a result of inquiry about menarche age, existence or non-existence of menstruation, comparative menarche age by regina groups, and monthly occurrence rate of menarche among 1642 school girls in Kwangju district, we obtained the following conclusion. 1. The menarche age of school girls in Kwangju district was 10-17, and the average age was 14.03$\pm$1.85. 2. According to the percentage of menarche occurrence by the present age. we got a fact that 58.67% had menarche at 13 to 15-year-old school girls. So the tendency is that menarche occurs sooner by degrees. 3. As a result of inquiry about the existence or non-existence of menarche by the present age, 54.54% have not had menarche among 15-year-old school girls. There is one person who have not had it at 18, and none that have not had it at over 19. 4. The menarche age by regional groups shows that menarche occurs at 13.85 in the city and at 14.27 in the country: those inhabited in the city have menarche sooner than those in the country. 5. Monthly rate of menarche occurrence shows that August in the largest number, December the second, January the third, and so on.

• Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.337-342
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• 2012

In this study, the transient second or third layer on the topside of the Martian ionosphere were investigated with the most recently released Mars advanced radar for subsurface and ionospheric sounding/Mars Express data obtained from January 2010 to September 2011 to study the correlation between these topside additional layers and surface magnetic fields, solar zenith angle and solar activities. When examining the zones where the topside layer appeared, the occurrence rate of the topside layer was low at the areas with a strong Martian crustal magnetic field as observed by the Mars global surveyor. The occurrence rate of additional layers on the Martian topside ionosphere decreases as the solar zenith angle increases. However, these layers appeared significantly near the terminator of which solar zenith angle is $90^{\circ}$. In comparison between F10.7 which is the index of solar activities and the occurrence rate of the topside layer by date, its occurrence rate was higher in 2011 than in 2010 with less solar activities. The result of this study will contribute to better understanding of the environments in the topside of the ionosphere through the correlation between the various conditions regarding the Martian ionosphere and the transient layer.

• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.260-266
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• 2011

잔디 실생묘를 이식하여 조성된 잔디밭에서 초봄의 생육 초기에 많은 피해를 주고 있는 월년생(동생) 잡초를 방제하고자 예초실험을 실시한 결과 요지는 다음과 같다. (1) 전체 예초 시험구별 잡초발생율은 평균 17.9%였다. (2) 저 예초 시험구인 12.5 mm 구에서 잡초발생율은 24.7%로 높게 나타나, 4개의 예초 시험구 가운데 잡초억제효과가 가장 낮은 것으로 나타났다. (3) 22.5 mm 구에서는 10.6%의 잡초발생율을 보여 가장 높은 잡초억제효과를 나타내고 있다. (4) 고 예초 시험구인 32.5 mm 구와 42.5 mm 구에선 각각 평균보다 다소 높은 18.2%와 18.3%의 잡초발생율을 나타냈다.

• 식물병과 농업
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.14-18
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• 1995

This study was carried out to investigate effect of transplanting method, environmental factor, and fertilizing level on occurrence of Pseudomonas glumae in south-west coastal area of Chonnam province. Occurrence in filed began after heading and increased gradually during 3-4 weeks. Occurrence of this disease was great at daily minimum temperature of 23-$25^{\circ}C$ and series of rainfall during early and mid. August Degree of infection by fertilization of nitrogen and by transplanting fertilizing level of 50% than standard fertilization of nitrogen and by transplanting method was greater machine-transplanting than hand-transplanting. Rate of degradation was 6.5% in case of 10% of infected panicle, 14.5% in 30%, 22% in 50% and 35.9% in 70%. We can reduce occurrence of this disease by sawing non -infected seed and balanced fertilizing in cultural practice and applying oryza 4kg/a in early transplanting or Kasugamin EC and Allta in heading stage.

• 아시안잔디학회지
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.201-212
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• 1999

In use of pesticides in golf courses has been increased steadily. Environmental concern as well as decrease in efficiency led the turfgrass management into an alternate approach of using beneficial microorganism to deal with turfgrass pests. This study was focused on the use of such microorganisms for improving cultural environment and minimizing the use of pesticides. Microorganisms antagonistic to turfgrass diseases were applied to zoysiagrass fairways and creeping bentgrass greens in Yusung country club. Tharch accumulation, disease occurrence, and other cultural environments were compared among the combinations of microorganisms and suppliemental N applications. The application of microorganisms antagonistic to turfgrass diseases improved turf resiliency. Thatch thickness was 3.03cm in the control plot but it was 2.11cm in plots treated by microorganisms, indicating significant effects of microorganism application on reduction of thatch accumulation. Number of microorganism that can decompose of cellulose was higher at the plots treated with useful microbial products and it was considered that existence of higher population of microorganisms resulted in reduction of thatch accumulation. In the evaluation of relationship between thatch accumulation and disease occurrence, greater thatch accumulation was observed at the golf courses which have been frequently infested by large patch. However, the rate of thatch accumulation varied among surveyed golf courses regardless of the year of turf establishment. Therefore, management practice which can be effective for reduction of thatch could result in large patch suppression. The application of microorganisms on the established turfgrasses reduced the occurrence rate of pythium blight and yellow path diseases, whereas occurrence of brown patch and dollar spot increased.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.32-43
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• 2002

충청남도 지역의 공주와 청양, 부여 지방에서 1996년, 1998년, 1999년 3년간 밤나무 종실의 주요 해충인 복숭아명나방(Dichocrocis punctiferalis)의 발생소장을 파악하기 위하여 유아등과 합성 성페로몬 트랩을 설치하여 유인되는 개체수를 조사하였으며, 또한 각각의 지역에서 밤나무 종실의 피해율을 조사하였다. 1996년에 공주 지역의 3개소에 유아등을 설치하여 조사한 결과, 밤나무 구과에 피해를 주는 2화기 성충의 발생 최성기는 8월 초순이었으며, 9월 이후 3화기로 추정되는 개체가 발생했다. 숙기별 밤송이 평균 피해율은 26.5%이었으며 조생종, 만생종, 중생종의 순으로 피해가 심했다. 1998년에 공주, 청양, 부여 3개 지역에 합성 성페로몬 트랩을 설치하여 년중 발생소장과 피해율을 조사한 결과, 공주 지역에서는 2화기 성충이 8월 중순에, 3화기 성충이 9월 하순에 발생하였으며, 청양지역에서는 8월초~9월말까지 연속적으로 5번의 발생 최성기를 보여 2, 3화기가 혼재해 나타났다. 부여 지역에서는 8월중순에 2화기 성충이 발생했으며 9월말~10월초에 걸쳐 3화기 성충이 발생했다. 1999년에 3화기 발생 최성기를 집중적으로 조사한 결과 공주, 청양, 부여 지역의 발생 최성기가 각각 9월 상순, 9월 중순, 9월말로 나타났으며 피해율은 각각 6.8%, 6.6%, 15.3%로 나타났다. 1999년에 밤나무 품종별 피해율을 조사한 결과 부여 지역에서는 은기, 축파, 단파, 복파, 왕정, 병고57, 유마 순으로 피해가 심했으며, 청양 지역에서는 축파, 덕명, 병고57 순으로 피해가 심했다.

• 천문학회보
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• 제39권1호
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• pp.76.1-76.1
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• 2014

We investigate the solar flare and CME occurrence rate and probability depending on sunspot class and its area change. These CMEs are front-side, partial and full halo CMEs associated with X-ray flares. For this we use the Solar Region Summary(SRS) from NOAA, NGDC flare catalog, and SOHO/LASCO CME catalog for 16 years (from January 1996 to December 2011). We classify each sunspot class into two sub-groups: "Large" and "Small". In addition, for each class, we classify it into three sub-groups according to sunspot class area change: "Decrease", "Steady", and "Increase". In terms of sunspot class area, the solar flare and CME occurrence probabilities noticeably increase at compact and large sunspot groups (e.g., 'Fkc'). In terms of sunspot area change, solar flare and CME occurrence probabilities for the "Increase" sub-groups are noticeably higher than those for the other sub-groups. For example, in case of the (M+X)-class flares of 'Dkc' class, the flare occurrence probability of the "Increase" sub-group is three times higher than that of the "Steady" sub-group. In case of the 'Eai' class, the CME occurrence probability of the "Increase" sub-groups is five time higher than that of the "Steady" sub-group. Our results demonstrate statistically that magnetic flux and its emergence enhance solar flare and CME occurrence, especially for compact and large sunspot groups.

• 한국임상약학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.75-83
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• 2008

Purpose: Currently lung cancer ranks second in cancer for incidence rate and is a disease that ranks first for a death rate by cancerous growth because it is already advanced at the time of diagnosis. The purpose of this paper was to analyze the factors that affect the effectiveness of and rash occurrence by Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor (EGFR TKI) in patients with non-small cell lung cancer. Methods: A retrospective chart review of 100 patients, who took EGFR TKI (erlotinib, gefitinib) among patients who were diagnosed with non-small cell lung cancer in a Hospital in Korea between May 2005 and February 2008, was conducted. The drug effectiveness was evaluated by Response Evaluation Criteria In Solid Tumor. Results: EGFR mutation was the only factor associated with drug response (complete response and partial response). When stable disease was added to drug response as the evaluation parameter, ECOG and rash as well as EGFR mutation were found to be important factors. Survival, however, was not affected by EGFR mutation. The factors influenced on survival were older age (${\geq}65$), low ECOG ($1{\sim}2$), adenocarcinoma and rash. In the case of rash, group with EGFR mutation or low ECOG showed significantly higher chance of occurrence. There was no significant difference in rash occurrence between gefitinib and erlotinib groups. Conclusions: Based on the results, EGFR mutation positive and low ECOG ($1{\sim}2$) were significantly important factors for both effectiveness of EGFR TKI and rash occurrence. Also, rash itself was found to be an independently significant factor for the disease control and survival. Therefore, while administering EGFR TKI, patients who have the factors associated with rash occurrence should be closely monitored for effective and safe drug therapy.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.98-104
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• 2005

This study was done to research the general information, causes of stroke, risk factors, complications during admission of geriatric CVA inpatients. We retrospectively studied 208 above 65 years old geriatric CVA inpatients treated in Ajou university hospital from 1994 to 2003 by medical record. These were divided into two groups by following years. We were gathered information about sex, onset age, cause of stroke, number of stroke, complications, housing, family, insurance, smoking, alcohol. Most of incidence of the stroke was noted in the group of young old age (65~74 years old) and old age (75~84 years old). The occurrence rate of male stroke (38.5%) was less than of female stroke (61.5%) and the ratio of male to female was 1:1.6. The occurrence rate of ischemic stroke (72.6%) was higher than of hemorrhagic stroke. The occurrence rate of ischemic stroke increased more and more at the late stage. The most common risk factors for stroke was hypertension and complications during hospitalization were neurogenic bowl and bladder. These results of epidemiologic study may help above 65 years old geriatric CVA early treatment and prevention, rehabilitation and use basic data for multiple prospective study using stroke registry.