• Mass Spectrometry Letters
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.41-46
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• 2021

Collision-induced dissociation (CID) and higher-energy collisional dissociation (HCD) are the widely used fragmentation technique in mass spectrometry-based proteomics studies. Understanding the fragmentation pattern from the tandem mass spectra using statistical methods helps to implement efficient spectrum analysis algorithms. The study characterizes the frequency of occurrence of multi-charged fragment ions and their neutral loss events of doubly and triply charged peptides in the CID and HCD spectrum. The dependency of the length of the fragment ion on the occurrence of multi-charged fragment ion is characterized here. Study shows that the singly charged fragment ions are generally dominated in the doubly charged peptide spectrum. However, as the length of the product ion increases, the frequency of occurrence of charge 2 fragment ions increases. The y- ions have more tendencies to generate charge 2 fragment ions than b- ions, both in CID and HCD spectrum. The frequency of occurrence of charge 2 fragment ion peaks is prominent upon the dissociation of the triply charged peptides. For triply charged peptides, product ion of higher length occurred in multiple charge states in CID spectrum. The neutral loss peaks mostly exist in charge 2 states in the triply charged peptide spectrum. The b-ions peaks are observed in much less frequency than y-ions in HCD spectrum as the length of the fragment increases. Isotopic peaks are occurred in charge 2 state both in doubly and triply charged peptide's HCD spectrum.

• 인터넷정보학회논문지
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• 제10권5호
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• pp.79-93
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• 2009

사용자들의 특성에 맞게 개인화되고 세분화된 위치 기반 서비스를 개발하기 위한 목적으로 시공간 상에서 발생하는 이동 객체의 다양한 패턴들 중 의미있는 유용한 패턴을 추출하기 위한 시공간 패턴 탐사가 필요하다. 이에 본 논문에서는 방대한 이동 객체의 이력 데이터로부터 패턴 탐사를 통해 실세계에 적용 가능한 위치 기반 서비스의 개발에 대한 응용으로, STOMP(F)[25]에서 정의한 최적의 이동 패턴을 탐사하는 문제들을 기반으로 시간 및 공간 제약을 갖는 패턴을 추출하기 위한 새로운 탐사 기법인 STOMP(FW)를 제안한다. 제안된 기법은 패턴 빈발도 만을 이용한 기존 연구(STOMP(F)[25])에 가중치(거리, 시간, 비용 등)를 복합적으로 이용하는 패턴 탐사 방법으로, 특정한 지점들 사이를 이동한 객체의 이동 패턴들 중 패턴 빈발도가 특정 임계치 이상이고 가중치가 가장 적게 소요되는 이동 패턴을 최적 경로로 결정하는 방법이다. 제안된 방법의 패턴 탐사는 경험적인 이동 이력을 사용함으로써 기존의 최적 경로 탐색 기법들($A^*$, Dijkstra 알고리즘)이나 빈발도 만을 이용한 방법들 보다 접근하는 노드 수가 상대적으로 적어 보다 빠르고 정확하게 최적 패턴을 탐색할 수 있음을 보인다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.1872-1879
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• 2012

아파트 단지 내 외부공간에서 발생하는 이용행위의 내용과 구체적이고 물리적인 실증을 통해 거주자의 일상생활과 외부공간과의 이용행태특성을 파악하고자 하였다. 고층 아파트 단지 거주자의 이용행위 발생을 가져오는 외부공간의 이용특성을 파악하고자 하였다. 2004년도 이후에 준공된 대전광역시의 8개 단지를 중심으로 거주자 이용행태를 관찰조사하여 이용빈도를 분석하였다. 외부공간 이용행태 분석결과 어린이놀이터에서 이용행위가 가장 높았으며, 놀이, 담소, 운동, 휴식행위의 순으로 나타났다. 특히 통과행위가 높은 준공적 영역에서 거주자 이용행위가 증가하는 것을 알 수 있었다.

• Mass Spectrometry Letters
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.50-55
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• 2019

The fragmentation statistics of ion trap CID (Collision-Induced Dissociation) spectra using 87,661 tandem mass spectra of doubly charged tryptic peptides are analyzed here. In contrast to the usual method of using intensity information, the frequency of occurrence of fragment ions, with respect to the position of the cleavage site and the residues at these sites is studied in this paper. The analysis shows that the frequency of occurrence of fragment ion peaks is more towards the middle of the peptide than its ends. It was noted that amino acid with an aromatic and basic side chain at N- & C- terminal end of the peptide stimulates more peaks at the lower end of the spectrum. The residue pair effect was shown when the amide bond occurs between acidic and basic residues. The fragmentation at these sites (D/E-H/R/K) stimulates the generation of the y-ion peak. Also, the cleavage site H-H/R/K stimulates the generation of b-ions. K-P environment in the peptide sequence has more tendency to generate y-ions than b-ions. Statistical analysis helps in the visualization of the CID fragmentation pattern. Cleavage pattern along the length of the peptide and the residue pair effects, enhance the knowledge of fragmentation behavior, which is useful for the better interpretation of tandem mass spectra.

• 제어로봇시스템학회논문지
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• 제15권9호
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• pp.877-880
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• 2009

A curing process in post-printing section of R2R process is required for an electrical property of the printed pattern when devices such as RFID, Solar cell are printed. PEN as well as heat-stabilized PET which is used as a plastic substrate would be deformed at high temperature due to change of its elastic modulus. And crack in the printed pattern, which is on the plastic substrate is occurred due to the deformation of the substrate. The occurrence of crack causes electrical resistance to increase and the quality of the device to deteriorate. In case of RFID antenna, the range of reading distance is shortened as the electrical resistance of the antenna is increased. Therefore, the deformation of the plastic substrate, which causes the occurrence of crack, should be minimized by setting up low operating tension in R2R process. In low tension, slippage between a moving substrate and a roller would be generated when the operating speed is increased. And scratch would be occurred when slippage is generated due to an air entrainment, which is related to the thickness of the air film. The thickness of the air film is increased when operating speed is increased as shown by simulation based on mathematical model. The occurrence of scratch in conductive pattern printed by roll to roll process is a critical damage because it causes degradation or failure of electrical property of it.

• 한국응용곤충학회지
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• 제55권4호
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• pp.483-487
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• 2016

최근 감귤에서 볼록총채벌레의 피해가 증가하고 있다. 볼록총채벌레의 발생시기 및 피해증상에 관한 연구는 진행되었으나 주변 기주식물과의 관계에 관한 연구는 미흡한 실정이다. 본 연구는 볼록총채벌레 기주식물 150여 가지 중 제주도에 넓은 면적으로 재배되고 있는 망고, 키위 등의 1차 기주식물과 2차 기주식물인 감귤에서의 볼록총채벌레 발생의 유연관계를 구명하기 위해 수행되었다. 그 결과 1차 기주식물과원과 인접 감귤원의 볼록총채벌레 발생양상의 경우 밀도의 차이가 있을 뿐 발생 시기는 거의 동일하거나 감귤원에서의 발생이 약 1주일 가량 지연되어 나타났다. 1차 기주식물과원과 인접 감귤원의 트랩설치간격별 발생밀도의 경우 트랩설치간격이 짧을수록 총채벌레 포획수가 유의미하게 많았으며 과실 피해도 또한 유의미하게 높았다. 이는 1차 기주식물인 망고, 키위, 녹차 등이 인접 감귤원의 볼록총채벌레 발생에 직접적인 영향을 주고 있는 것을 나타내며 이는 추후 감귤원의 볼록총채벌레 방제연구에 기초자료로 활용 될 수 있을 것으로 생각된다.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.99-110
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• 1978

For the study on occurrence of backache related to types of daily activities in adulthood Nine hundred twenty six adults living in Seoul were randomly selected as subjects from the eight kinds of occupation; housewives, teachers, nurses, officers, physicians, labourers, beauticians & barbers, and students. The purpose of this study was to identify various factors related to backache in daily activities and to apply these factors in clinical situations as well as in the community situations. This survey was conducted from September 21 through October 8, 1976. Under the ten hypothesis designed for this study, the. followings were obtained; 1. Significant difference on occurrence of backache was revealed according to sex difference at 0.5% level. (x$^2$= 27.85, df: 1, p<0.005) 2. Significant difference on occurrence of backache was revealed according to age groups at 2.5% level. (x$^2$= 11.13, df= 3, p<0.025) 3. Significant difference on occurrence of backache was revealed according to types of occupation at 2.5% level. (x$^2$= 18.04, df: 7, p<0.025) 4. Significant difference on occurrence of backache was revealed according to types of movement originated by hand during occupational activities at 1% level. (x$^2$= 14.23, df= 4, p<0.01) 5, Significant difference on occurrence of backache was revealed according to types f movement of legs during occupational activities at 0.5% level. x$^2$= 20.78, df: 3, p<0.005) . No significant difference on occurrence of backache was revealed according to length f daily working hours. . Significant difference on occurrence of backache was revealed according to degree of exercises at the level. x$^2$= 6.01, df= 2, p<0.05) . Significant difference on occurrence of backache was revealed according to sleeping posture at 1% level. x$^2$= 9.61, df: 2, p<0.01). Significant difference on occurrence of backache was revealed according to ordinary pattern of mean posture score at 0.5% level. (t : 4.27, df: 924, p<0.005) 10. Significant difference was revealed mean posture scores according to period of backache history at 0.5% level. (f- ratio = 3.73, df= 4, 562 p<0.005).

• 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수자원학회 2023년도 학술발표회
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• pp.166-166
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• 2023

Compound hazards (CHs) are two or more extreme climate events combined which occur simultaneously in the same region at the same time. Compared to individual hazards, the combination of hazards that cause CHs can result in greater economic losses and deaths. While several extreme climate events have been recorded across Asia for the past decades, many studies have only focused on a single hazard. In this study, we assess the spatiotemporal pattern of dry compound hazards which includes drought, heatwave, fire and wind across Asia for the last 42 years (1980-2021) using the historical data from ERA5 Reanalysis dataset. We utilize a daily spatial data of each climate event to assess the occurrence of such compound hazards on a daily basis. Heatwave, fire and wind hazard occurrences are analyzed using daily percentile-based thresholds while a pre-defined threshold for SPI is applied for drought occurrence. Then, the occurrence of each type of compound hazard is taken from overlapping the map of daily occurrences of a single hazard. Lastly, a multivariate assessment are conducted to quantify the occurrence frequency, hotspots and trends of each type of compound hazard across Asia. By conducting a multivariate analysis of the occurrence of these compound hazards, we identify the relationships and interactions in dry compound hazards including droughts, heatwaves, fires, and winds, ultimately leading to better-informed decisions and strategies in the natural risk management.

• Animal cells and systems
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• 제2권4호
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• pp.507-511
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• 1998

Fingerprints of 100 New Zealand-Samoan males and 93 females have been analyzed. Whorls are more numerous in fingerprint females (65.6%) than in males (55.6%). The index of pattern intensity displays a higher value in females (16.49) than in males (15.48). The bimanual differences both in males and females are not statistically significant for the occurrence of patterns on the digits of the right and left hands. Also the difference between both sexes for the occurrence of patterns is not statistically significant. Incidences of actual symmetry on homologous digits represented 78.2% in males and 85.8% in females. The mean total ridge counts showed $175.7{\pm}54.6$ ($M{\pm}SD$) in males and $171.6\{pm}49.8$ ($M{\pm}SD$) in females, respectively. Conclusively, this study shows that the New Zealand-Samoans are closely related to the Mongoloids in quantitative dermatoglyphics.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.141-144
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• 1990

Seasonal change in the reproductive pattern of the marine Cladoceran Podon polyphemoides, was studied using materials collected monthly during the period from January to December 1986 in Yongil Bay, Korea. The relative abundance of P. polyphemoides exceeded $10\%$ of total zooplankton in July. While the species remained as a minor components of the zooplankton community during the other periods of occurrence from June to December. Occurrence of sexual individuals of P. polyphemoides (males and gamogenetic females) in higher proportion in cold months ($30\%$ in November and $40\%$ in December) suggests that resting egg production of this species is largely confined to cold monthis in Korean waters as an overwintering strategy.