• 정신신체의학
• /
• 제4권1호
• /
• pp.138-145
• /
• 1996

동일한 질병을 갖고 있거나, 같은 증상을 호소하는 환자의 경우라도 병과 관련된 행동은 사람마다 각기 다르다. 이러한 행동 양식을 잘 이해하는 것은 병의 진단과 치료 방법, 치료 순응도와 치료 효과를 결정하는 데에 중요한 요소가 된다. 비정상적인 질병 행동은 병자 역할이 핵심이 되며, 간혹 병을 부정하거나 무시하는 반대의 경우도 있다. 비정상적인 질병행동에 대한 평가는 기질적 원인이 밝혀지지 않는 여러 기능성 장애를 규명하는 한가지 방법으로 이용될 수 있으며, 인지 치료 내지는 재활, 직업 치료시에도 활용할 수 있는 중요한 개념으로 알려져 있다. 향후 한국인에게 맞는 치료법의 개발을 위해서는 각 질병에 따른 의학 역사적 관점, 사회 문화적 요소가 어우러진 통합적인 질병 행동 연구가 필요하리라 사료된다. 이는 의료 경제 측면에서도 필수적인 내용이 될 것이다.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
• /
• 제41권3호
• /
• pp.200-207
• /
• 2008

Objectives : This study examined whether serious psychological distress (SPD) is associated with occupational injury among US employees. Methods : The employed population aged 18-64 years was examined (n=101,855) using data from the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) 2000-2003. SPD was measured using the Kessler 6-item Psychological Distress Scale (K-6), a screening scale designed to identify persons with serious mental illness. The predicted marginal prevalence of psychological distress and occupational injury with the adjusted odds ratio were estimated using multiple logistic regression analyses. Results : The age-adjusted 3-month prevalence of occupational injury was $0.80{\pm}0.12%$ in workers with SPD, which was 37% greater than in workers without SPD ($0.58{\pm}0.03%$). The odds of occupational injury in workers with SPD were higher compared to workers without SPD (OR=1.34, 95% CI=0.93-1.92), after controlling for sex, age, race, education, occupation, and activity limitation by at least one medical condition. Male, service and blue collar occupation, and activity limiation by co-morbidity showed significantly higher odds of occupational injury for workers with SPD. Conclusions : The findings suggest that SPD accounts for an increased likelihood of occupational injury among US employees. A further longitudinal study is needed to differentiate the mechanism or causal pathways linking individual injury risk at the workplace, SPD, and socioeconomic factors.

• 한국지능정보시스템학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국지능정보시스템학회 2001년도 The Pacific Aisan Confrence On Intelligent Systems 2001
• /
• pp.330-335
• /
• 2001

The occurrences of occupational illness and injury have been seriously underestimated in Korea. Surveillance systems for occupational diseases have recently emerged as important strategies for the control of occupational hazards and the implementation of intervention programs to protect workers. However, health service providers do not actively diagnose occupational diseases and are unwilling to report occupational diseases. With the rapid growth of Internet usage in Korea, the computer network has become the predominant means of communicating and sharing information. Therefore, we developed a web-based updated information and education network to assist the health services providers in reporting occupational diseases. Information systems for occupational disease surveillance were also designed to support occupational disease reporting. Commonly available database systems, such as web databases, are useful to manage occupational diseases data efficiently. Standardized case definitions and report guidelines were also established, which included cumulative trauma disorder, occupational asthma, occupational contact dermatitis, and occupational cancer. This system may provide the basis of an efficient and continuously updated source of educational information and provide specific information concerning the occurrence of occupational diseases in specific areas. Background information on occupational diseases obtained in this way will be invaluable for preventing hazards and enforcing occupational disease prevention programs. Moreover, our experiences in establishing these information systems will be of great use in other countries and settings.

• Safety and Health at Work
• /
• 제1권1호
• /
• pp.1-10
• /
• 2010

The Finnish risk assessment practice is based on the Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) Act aiming to improve working conditions in order maintain the employees' work ability, and to prevent occupational accidents and diseases. In practice there are hundreds of risk assessment methods in use. A simple method is used in small and medium sized enterprises and more complex risk evaluation methods in larger work places. Does the risk management function in the work places in Finland? According to our experience something more is needed. That is, understanding of common and company related benefits of risk management. The wider conclusion is that commitment for risk assessment in Finland is high enough. However, in those enterprises where OSH management was at an acceptable level or above it, there were also more varied and more successfully accomplished actions to remove or reduce the risks than in enterprises, where OSH management was in lower level. In risk assessment it is important to process active technical prevention and exact communication, increase work place attraction and increase job satisfaction and motivation. Investments in OSH are also good business. Low absenteeism due to illness or accidents increases directly the production results by improved quality and quantity of the product. In general Finnish studies have consistently shown that the return of an invested euro is three to seven-old. In national level, according to our calculations the savings could be even 20% of our gross national product.

• Safety and Health at Work
• /
• 제13권2호
• /
• pp.255-260
• /
• 2022

Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has demonstrated the importance of implementing strategic management that prioritizes the safety of frontline nurse professionals. In this sense, this research was aimed at identifying factors associated with the illness of nursing professionals caused by COVID-19 according to socio-demographic, clinical, and labor variables. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in three Brazilian university hospitals with 859 nursing professionals, which include nurses, technicians, and nursing assistants, between November 2020 and February 2021. We present data using absolute and relative frequency. We used Chi-square test for hypothesis testing and multiple logistic regression for predictive analysis and chances of occurrence. Results: The rate of nursing professionals affected by COVID-19 was 41.8%, and the factors associated with contamination were the number of people in the same household with COVID-19 and obesity. Being a nurse was a protective factor when the entire nursing team was considered. The model is significant, and its variables represent 56.61% of the occurrence of COVID-19 in nursing professionals. Conclusion: Obesity and living in the same household as other people affected by COVID-19 increases the risk of contamination by this new coronavirus.

• 재활치료과학
• /
• 제12권4호
• /
• pp.53-65
• /
• 2023

목적 : 본 연구는 정신건강 분야에서 근무하는 작업치료사가 정신질환자에게 신체기능 향상 중재를 제공한 업무 경험 및 실태를 파악하고자 시도된 연구이다. 연구방법 : 2022년 11월 7일에서 11월 14일까지 정신건강 분야에서 근무하는 작업치료사를 대상으로 자료를 수집하였다. 이메일을 통해 설문지를 배포하여 응답을 수렴하였으며, 수집된 응답지 46부에 대해 기술통계 및 상관관계를 분석하였다. 결과 : 설문응답자는 여자(58.7%), 20~30대(84.8%)가 가장 많았고, 주로 정신건강복지센터(41.3%)에서 근무하였으며, 정신건강작업치료사 수련과정(91.3%)을 수료하였다. 정신건강분야 경력은 1년 이상 3년 미만(65.2%), 담당 업무는 프로그램(71.1%), 사례관리(62.2%), 행정업무(57.8%)가 가장 높았으며, 신체기능 향상을 위한 중재(73.9%)를 제공한 경험이 있었다. 자료 분석 결과 신체기능 중심 그룹 중재의 빈도는 주 1~2회(41.2%)가 많았고, 스트레칭, 유산소운동, 산책 순이었으며, 개별 중재의 빈도는 주 1~2회(38.1%)가 많았고, 산책, 스트레칭, 유산소운동 순으로 도출되었다. 결론 : 작업치료사는 정신건강 전문가로서 정신질환자의 다양한 작업과 일상생활활동에 균형 잡힌 참여를 가능하게 한다. 현재 다수의 작업치료사들이 정신건강 분야에서 정신질환자의 신체기능 향상을 위한 다양한 작업치료적 중재를 제공하고 있으나 이에 대한 연구는 아직 부족한 실정이다. 본 연구를 통해 정신건강작업치료의 중요성과 신체기능 향상 중재의 근거 기반 서비스 제공의 필요성을 확인하였다. 이를 통해 정신질환자들에게 더욱 효과적인 치료를 제공할 수 있는 기반이 마련될 것으로 기대한다.

• Safety and Health at Work
• /
• 제6권2호
• /
• pp.146-150
• /
• 2015

Occupational health and safety (OHS) is a broad field of professional practice, which involves specialists from different disciplines including but not limited to engineers, occupational health physicians, physical and biological scientists, economists, and statisticians. The preventive systems required to ensure workers are protected from injuries and illnesses dwell heavily on engineers; however, the extent to which the engineer can go regarding planning and implementing preventive measures is dependent on specific legal requirements, leadership commitment from the company, organization, and nation. The objective of this paper is to identify the areas of opportunities for improvements in OHS management in Ghana with regard to the nation's legal requirements, commitment of the Ghana government, and Ghanaian leadership as well as appropriate structuring of Ghanaian institutions responsible for monitoring and managing OHS in Ghana. This paper identified Ghana's fragmented legal requirements concerning OHS, which are under different jurisdictions with unclear responsibilities and accountabilities. The paper also highlights the training needs of Ghanaian academic institutions regarding OHS. Among other recommendations made including structuring of Ghanaian institutions to manage OHS in line with the ILO-OSH 2001, this paper aligns the recommendations with the articles and elements of International Labour Organization convention number 155 and OHSAS 18001 elements.

• 대한안전경영과학회지
• /
• 제16권2호
• /
• pp.71-80
• /
• 2014

The occupational injury and illness(OII) was influenced by the various factors. This study was planned to investigate the pathway of the activities of OSHM on the rate of OII via worker's participation. The survey on the trend of the activities of OSHM was used. The sample size of manufacturing industry was 3,000 enterprises and that of construction was 1,000 enterprises. The survey was done by interview method with structure questionnaire. Questions about the activities of OHSM were integrated into one category using factor analysis. The enterprises with OII has more activities of OSHM than that without OII. Among enterprises with OII, the level of the activities of OSHM was positively correlated with the rate of OII. The activities of OSHM has influenced on the rate of OII directly and indirectly via worker's participation and the activities of prevention of accident. Worker's participation also has the direct effect and indirect effect on the rate of OII. Worker's participation in construction sector has more effect on OII than that in manufacturing sector.

• Safety and Health at Work
• /
• 제7권3호
• /
• pp.213-217
• /
• 2016

Background: The objective of this study is to identify high-risk groups for industrial accidents by setting up 2003 as the base year and conducting an in-depth analysis of the trends of major industrial accident indexes the index of industrial accident rate, the index of occupational injury rate, the index of occupational illness and disease rate per 10,000 people, and the index of occupational injury fatality rate per 10,000 people for the past 10 years. Methods: This study selected industrial accident victims, who died or received more than 4 days of medical care benefits, due to occupational accidents and diseases occurring at workplaces, subject to the Industrial Accident Compensation Insurance Act, as the study population. Results: According to the trends of four major indexes by workplace characteristics, the whole industry has shown a decreasing tendency in all four major indexes since the base year (2003); as of 2012, the index of industrial accident rate was 67, while the index of occupational injury fatality rate per 10,000 people was 59. Conclusion: The manufacturing industry, age over 50 years and workplaces with more than 50 employees showed a high severity level of occupational accidents. Male workers showed a higher severity level of occupational accidents than female workers. The employment period of < 3 years and newly hired workers with a relatively shorter working period are likely to have more occupational accidents than others. Overall, an industrial accident prevention policy must be established by concentrating all available resources and capacities of these high-risk groups.

• Safety and Health at Work
• /
• 제10권1호
• /
• pp.3-20
• /
• 2019

This review aimed to identify risk factors for occupational accidents and illnesses among young workers in the Nordic countries and to attain knowledge on specific vulnerable groups within the young working force that may need special attention. We conducted a systematic review from 1994 to 2014 using five online databases. Of the 12,528 retrieved articles, 54 met the review criteria and were quality assessed, in which data were extracted focusing on identifying occupational safety, health risk factors, and vulnerable groups among the young workers. The review shows that mechanical factors such as heavy lifting, psychosocial factors such as low control over work pace, and organizational factors such as safety climate are all associated with increased injury risk for young Nordic workers. Results show that exposures to chemical substances were associated with skin reactions, e.g., hand eczema. Heavy lifting and awkward postures were risk factors for low back pain, and high job demands were risk factors for mental health outcomes. The review identified young unskilled workers including school drop-out workers as particularly vulnerable groups when it comes to occupational accidents. In addition, apprentices and young skilled workers were found to be vulnerable to work-related illnesses. It is essential to avoid stereotyping young Nordic workers into one group using only age as a factor, as young workers are a heterogeneous group and their vulnerabilities to occupational safety and health risks are contextual. Politicians, researchers, and practitioners should account for this complexity in the education, training and organization of work, and workplace health and safety culture.