• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2017.10a
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• pp.594-597
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effects of Action-observational training program on gait and balance of patients with hemiplegia. Subjects of this study, among the patients who received the diagnosis cerebral vascular accident, for patients total of 4 people have agreed to research. Experimental group 2 people, control group 2 people, was a total of 4 people. Group-specific arbitration method, was applied to Action-observational training program(experimental group) and general Task-oriented training program(control group). Each training courses 30 minutes for 4 weeks, examined the changes in 10 Meter Walk Test(10MWT), gait speed, Berg Balance Scale(BBS) and time up and go(TUG) ability to examine a total of 4-week course effectively. The intervention were compared by measuring before and after. There were significant improvements in the subscales of the gait and balance test of those who practiced with the Action-observational training program, while the control group showed no significant changes. Therefore, Action-observational training program is effective in improvement of to improve the gait and balance in patients with hemiplegia.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.95-99
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• 1988

An observational study on the recurrences of left abomasal displacement after surgical correction was conducted in 178 Holstein cows. The correction methods were right flank omentopexy (A), right ventral paramedian abomasopexy (B) and left flank abomasopexy (C). Four(5.4) out of 74 cows by method A, 2(2.0) out of 101 cows by method B and 1(33.3%) out of 3 cows by method C had the recurrence of the disease after the first operation. As for the method A, 3 cows and a cow recurred 13-18 months and 27 months after the first operation, respectively. As for the method B, recurrence of the disease in two cows occurred 14 and 19 days after surgery, respectively. In a cow which had been indicated by method C, the recurrence was recurred 14 months after the operation.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.45-54
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• 2018

Purpose : The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effects of Action-observational training program on gait and balance of patients with hemiplegia. Method : The subjects of this study are patients with hemiplegia; 10 patients who agreed with this research, were picked up. Participants were divided randomly into equal groups: experimental group that applied to action-observation training for at least 30 minutes/day for 6 weeks and control group that underwent general task-oriented training. Gait and balance were measured 10 meter walk test(10MWT), gait speed, berg balance scale(BBS) and timed up and go(TUG). The intervention were compared by measuring before and after. Result : There were significant improvements in the subscales of the gait and balance test of those who practiced with the Action-observational training program, while the control group showed no significant changes. Conclusion : Therefore, Action-observational training program is effective in improvement of to improve the gait and balance in patients with hemiplegia.

• Journal of Korean Elementary Science Education
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.135-142
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• 2002

This paper aims to compare the effects of two teaching methods, the discovery-observational(DO) and the expository-observational(EO) instructions, on students learning interest in the life cycle of fruit fly. The subjects, 463 third-graders from two elementary schools in Changwon City, were divided into two groups, the DO group and the EO group. After the instruction on the life of the flies in two different teaching ways, a questionnaire with 13 items was devised regarding the students' interest, and the subjects were asked to respond to it. The results reveal that the general mean score of the DO group is higher than that of the EO group. Also, the DO group obtains the higher mean score in each item, except two items about knowledge learning. The differences of the mean scores of the two types, general as well as item-individual, between the two groups are statistically significant. This suggests that the class about the life cycle of living creatures easily getatable and observable, such as fruit flies, should be student-centered investigatory one, where students themselves collect them and observe the process of their growth and whole cycle.

• Journal of Korean Institute of Industrial Engineers
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.289-296
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• 2005

This study aims to measure maximum holding times(MHTs) of symmetric and asymmetric whole body postures, and to compare three representative observational methods including OWAS, RULA, REBA, based on the MHTs. An experiment was conducted for obtaining the MHTs, in which hand position was used as experimental variable, and the MHT and subjective discomfort rating as dependent variables. The hand position was defined by the percentage of the shoulder height(%SH), the percentage of the arm reach(%AR) and rotation angle(R). The results showed that three independent variables of %SH, %AR and R significantly affected on the MHTs at ${\alpha}$=0.01, and that the MHTs were negatively linearly related to the discomfort scores of Borg CR10. It was also revealed that OWAS and REBA were less sensitive to postural stress than RULA. In addition, OWAS and REBA underestimated postural load of given postures compared to RULA. Therefore, it is recommended that among the three observational methods investigated in this study, RULA be used for a more precise evaluation of postural load.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.45-57
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• 2018

Purpose : This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of an task oriented training program combined with action-observation on balance and gait ability of patients with chronic stroke. Method : The subjects of this study were 30 patients with hemiplegia who agreed to participate and were picked up. Participants were randomly divided into equal groups; namely, an experimental group that underwent task oriented training combined with action-observation for at least 30 minutes/day for 6 weeks and a control group that underwent general task-oriented training. Patients' balance was assessed using the Sway Length, Sway Area and Limit of Stability test. In addition, gait ability was assessed using the 10 Meter Walking Test to measure the taken to walk 10 meters. Gait time and speed taken to walk 10 meters were used to examine gait ability. Results : There were significant improvements in the subscales of the balance and gait ability test of those who participated in the action-observational training program, while the control group showed only significant changes in the evaluation items of the sway length in eyes opened condition and gait time. Conclusion : Therefore, Action-observational training program effectively improved the balance and gait ability in patients with stroke.

• Publications of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.107-112
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• 2010

By joining the Giant Magellan Telescope (GMT) project, Korean astronomers will get 10% of the GMT time, starting in the late 2010s. To prepare the GMT era, it is important to evaluate the current observational research activities. We surveyed the research programs performed by domestic astronomers during 2007A - 2010A period, using optical/near - IR telescopes with a medium to large aperture mirror (larger than 4 m). We describe the method and criteria of the survey, and present the results of the analysis based on the collected data.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.59-74
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• 2004

The purpose of the this study was to examine the relationship between mother-child interaction play assessment of children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder(ADHD) and delinquency through observational method. The subjects were 30children(normal: 15, ADHD: 15) between 4-6 elementary school grade. Instruments used Parent-Child Interaction Assessment(P-CIPA), Inventory of Delinquency-Oriented Behavior and Korea Children Behavior Check List(K-CBCL). Results showed that following : 1) ADHD affect the delinquency-oriented behavior; 2) there were significant differences in mother-child interaction play assessment between normal children group and ADHD children group; and 3) there was a significant relationship between parent-child interaction play assessment and delinquency.

• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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• 1997.05a
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• pp.59-92
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• 1997

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.675-688
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• 2020

In survival analysis of observational data, the inverse probability weighting method and the Cox proportional hazards model are widely used when estimating the causal effects of multiple-valued treatment. In this paper, the two kinds of weights have been examined in the inverse probability weighting method. We explain the reason why the stabilized weight is more appropriate when an inverse probability weighting method using the generalized propensity score is applied. We also emphasize that a marginal hazard ratio and the conditional hazard ratio should be distinguished when defining the hazard ratio as a treatment effect under the Cox proportional hazards model. A simulation study based on real data is conducted to provide concrete numerical evidence.