• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제25권6호
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• pp.897-904
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• 2016

We investigated the local climatological characteristics of the mountain adjacent the Dongyeong herb garden in Chilgok. We established one set of automatic weather system (AWS) on a hill where development of herb garden is in progress. The observations were continued for 2 years(2013. 07-2015.06). In this study, we analyzed the observed data comparing the data of Gumi meteorological observatory (GMO). The results showed that the air temperature(relative humidity) of Dongyeong herb garden were lower(higher) than those of GMO. Especially the differences are more during warm climate season. It means that the gaps of thermal environment between two points are mainly caused by the evaporation effects of forest. In addition, we analyzed the warmth indices(warmth index and coldness index) with the observed air temperature. The warmth and coldness indices indicate about 107 and -12, respectively. The values correspond to warm temperature climate.

• 아동학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.51-66
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• 2001

This study investigated whether infant child care experience, alone or in combination with mother/child factors, is associated with attachment security. Participants were forty 12-to 18-month-old infants and their mothers. Infants were observed in the Strange Situation to assess the pattern of infant-mother attachment; the Observational Ratings of the Caregiving Environment was used to assess the caregiving environment. Mothers were interviewed with the questionnaires and observed in the laboratory "living room". There were significant main effects of maternal sensitivity and responsiveness and of stability of care on attachment security and on insecure/avoidance. Significant interaction effects revealed that infants were more likely to be secure when high maternal sensitivity/responsiveness was combined with good quality child care, non-maternal care initiated prior to six months of age, or care by close relatives.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.301-308
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• 2011

The temporal variations of methene emission and its relation to air temperature were investigated in Upo-swamp during June 2007 through July 2008. To perform this study, the methene emission and air temperature were observed using the buoy-type chamber and automatic weather observation system(AWS), respectively. The methene emissions were much during summertime(June~August). The maximum value(about 73.4 mg/$m^2$/hr) appeared at August. The emission diminished by degrees after August. The methene emissions were fewer from September to May of the following year. The peak value(73.4 mg/$m^2$/hr) of the methene emission is very much compared to that of rice pappy field known as about 28.7 mg/$m^2$/hr.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.503-510
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• 2014

To estimate the benefit of high-resolution meteorological data for building energy estimation, a building energy analysis has been conducted over Busan metropolitan areas. The heating and cooling load has been calculated at seven observational sites by using temperature, wind and relative humidity data provided by WRF model combined with the inner building data produced by American Society of Heating Refrigeration and Air-conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE). The building energy shows differences 2-3% in winter and 10-30% in summer depending on locations. This result implicates that high spatiotemporal resolution of meteorological model data is significantly important for building energy analysis.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.179-189
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• 2005

Recently air quality modeling studies for industrial complex and large cities located in the coastal regions have been carried out. Especially, the representation of atmospheric flow fields within a model domain is very important, because an adequate air quality simulation requires an accurate portrayal of the realistic three -dimensional wind fields. Therefore this study investigated effect of using high resolution terrain height data in numerical simulation. So the experiments were designed according to the detail terrain height with 3second resolution or not. Case 30s was the experiment using the terrain height data of USGS and Case 3s was the other using the detail terrain height data of Ministry of Environment. The results of experimental were more remarkable. In Case 3s, temperature indicated similar tendency comparing to observational data predicting maximum temperature during the daytime and wind speed made weakly for difference of terrain height.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.653-665
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• 2007

Several numerical experiments were carried out to clarify the influence of satellite data assimilation with various spatial resolution on mesoscale meteorological wind and temperature field. Satellite data used in this study is QuikSCAT launched on ADEOS II. QuikSCAT data is reasonable and faithful sea wind data, which have been verified through many observational studies. And numerical model in the study is MM5 developed by NCAR. Difference of wind pattern with and without satellite data assimilation appeared clearly, especially wind speed dramatically reduced on East Sea, when satellite data assimilation worked. And sea breeze is stronger in numerical experiments with RDAPS and satellite data assimilation than that with CDAS and data assimilation. This caused the lower estimated surface temperature in CDAS used cases. Therefore the influence of satellite data assimilation acts differently according to initial data quality. And it is necessary to make attention careful to handle the initial data for numerical simulations.

• 항공우주산업기술동향
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.79-88
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• 2009

세계적인 관심이 고조되고 있는 환경 및 기후변화는 사회 전분야에 걸쳐 폭넓게 영향을 미치고 있다. 최근들어, 환경감시의 필요성과 이에 대한 관심의 고조와 더불어 원격탐사기술의 발전으로 인공위성을 이용한 환경감시가 본격화되고 있다. 본 논문에서는 환경감시 탑재체의 개발동향을 살펴본다. 지금까지 개발되었거나 개발되고 있는 환경탑재체들의 주요 규격 및 관측방식, 관측대상 등을 사례별로 조사하여 소개하였다. 하나의 위성으로 전지구 관측을 위하여 저궤도 탑재체를 중심으로 개발이 이루어졌으나, 최근들어 시간해상도의 중요성이 강조되면서 정지궤도 탑재체의 개발도 이루어지고 있다. 또한 관측대상에 따라 자외선, 가시광선, 적외선 등의 탐측대역을 달리한 탑재체가 개발되고 있다. 향후 국내 환경탑재체의 개발은 이러한 추세를 고려하여 명확한 임무분석과 함께 추진되어져야 할 것이다.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.517-533
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• 2012

This study calculated wind speed at the height of 10 m using a disaster prediction model(Florida Public Hurricane Loss Model, FPHLM) that was developed and used in the United States. Using its distributions, a usable information of surface wind was produced for the purpose of disaster prevention when the typhoon attack. The advanced research version of the WRF (Weather Research and Forecasting) was used in this study, and two domains focusing on South Korea were determined through two-way nesting. A horizontal time series and vertical profile analysis were carried out to examine whether the model provided a resonable simulation, and the meteorological factors, including potential temperature, generally showed the similar distribution with observational data. We determined through comparison of observations that data taken at 700 hPa and used as input data to calculate wind speed at the height of 10 m for the actual terrain was suitable for the simulation. Using these results, the wind speed at the height of 10 m for the actual terrain was calculated and its distributions were shown. Thus, a stronger wind occurred in coastal areas compared to inland areas showing that coastal areas are more vulnerable to strong winds.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제45권3호
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• pp.174-180
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• 2012

Objectives: An ambulance can be a potential source of contagious or droplet infection of a community. We estimated the prevalence of positive carriage of tuberculosis (TB), methicillin-resistant $Staphylococcus$ $aureus$ (MRSA), and vancomycin-resistant $Enterococci$ (VRE) in patients transported by ambulance. Methods: This was a retrospective observational study. We enrolled all patients who visited a tertiary teaching hospital emergency department (ED). Blood, sputum, urine, body fluid, and rectal swab samples were taken from patients when they were suspected of TB, MRSA, or VRE in the ED. The patients were categorized into three groups: pre-hospital ambulance (PA) group; inter-facility ambulance (IA) group; and non-ambulance (NA) group. Adjusted odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated using a multivariable logistic regression model for the prevalence of each infection. Results: The total number of patients was 89206. Of these, 9378 (10.5%) and 4799 (5.4%) were in the PA and IA group, respectively. The prevalence of TB, MRSA, and VRE infection were 0.3%, 1.1%, and 0.3%, respectively. In the PA group, the prevalence of TB, MRSA, and VRE were 0.3%, 1.8%, and 0.4%. In the IA group, the prevalence of TB, MRSA, and VRE were 0.7%, 4.6%, and 1.5%, respectively. The adjusted ORs (95% CI) of the PA and IA compared to the NA group were 1.02 (0.69 to 1.53) and 1.83 (1.24 to 2.71) for TB, 2.24 (1.87 to 2.69) and 5.47 (4.63 to 6.46) for MRSA, 2.59 (1.78 to 3.77) and 8.90 (6.52 to 12.14) for VRE, respectively. Conclusions: A high prevalence of positive carriage of TB, MRSA, and VRE in patients transported by metropolitan ambulances was found.

• 의학교육논단
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.67-76
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• 2020

The structures and processes of medical education have changed little since the publication of Flexner's report, which stressed the scientific orientation of medical education and the curricular structure of 2 years of formal knowledge education and 2 years of clinical experience. However, the previous perspectives on medical education are facing challenges, and these call for new pedagogy and theories on which to base medical education practice. Considering that social dimensions of learning have been emphasized in practice, perspectives that integrate these aspects are needed. Among the various learning theories, social cognitive theory refers to the theoretical framework which contends that learning occurs within interactions with others and environments. From a social cognitive standpoint, learning through observation is a critical component in human functioning. Indeed, observational learning has particular significance in medical education in that it provides the context for which the importance and meaning of role models can be understood. In addition, as theoretical constructs such as self-efficacy and outcome expectations allow us to establish an effective learning environment, exploring the concepts of the theory could be beneficial to medical education practice. In this context, the present review article aims to provide a glimpse of the fundamental assumptions and theoretical concepts of social cognitive theory and discusses the implications the theory has on teaching and learning. Further, a review of previous studies could help explain how the theory has informed medical education practice. Finally, the author will conclude with the implications and limitations of applying social cognitive theory in medical education.