• PNF and Movement
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.19-25
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• 2014

Purpose: To investigate the effect of action observation training on the muscle onset time and symmetrical use of rectus femoris(RF) and gastrocnemius medialis(GCM) during sit-to-stand (STS). Methods: Sixteen patients with stroke entered a single-blind trial and were randomly assigned to the experimental(Action) or control(Landscape) groups. Those in the Action observation group watched video clips showing specific movement and strategies to STS, wheas those in the control group watched video clips of static pictures showing differnet landscapes. All patients was measured the EMG data in the STS on the affected side and unaffected side. The EMG data were collected from RF and GCM while performing the STS task. The EMG onset time and onset time ratio for the RF and GCM were calculated by dividing the EMG onset time of RF and GCM action on the affected side by these on the unaffected side. Results: Onset time of affected side RF, GCM was significantly faster action observation training group than control group(p<.05). But interventions before and after the symmetry did not show a significant increase. Conclusion: There findings suggest that action observation training has a positive effect on the muscle onset time shortened during STS tasks.

• Advances in aircraft and spacecraft science
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.449-462
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• 2022

Space-telescopes placed in the Sun-Earth second Lagrange point (L2) observe the sky following a scan strategy that is usually based on a spin-precession motion. Knowing which regions of the sky will be more observed by the instrument is important for the science operations and the instrument calibration. Computing sky observation parameters numerically (discretizing time and the sky) can consume large amounts of time and computational resources, especially when high resolution isrequired.This problem becomesmore critical if quantities are evaluated at detector level instead of considering the instrument entire Field of View (FoV). In previous studies, the authors have derived analytic solutions for quantities that characterize the observation of each point in the sky in terms of observation time according to the scan strategy parameters and the instrument FoV. Analytic solutions allow to obtain results faster than using numerical methods as well as capture detailed characteristics which can be overseen due to discretization limitations. The original approach is based on the analytic expression of the instrument trace over the sky. Such equations are implicit and thusrequiresthe use of numeric solversto compute the quantities.In this work, a new and simpler approach for computing one ofsuch quantities(mean observation time) is presented.The quantity is first computed for pure spin motion and then the effect of the spin axis precession is incorporated under the assumption that the precession motion is slow compared to the spin motion.In this sense, this new approach further simplifies the analytic approach, sparing the use of numeric solvers, which reduces the complexity of the implementation and the computing time.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.435-444
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• 2010

To identify and evaluate the risk factors in WMSD work, a number of ergonomic workload evaluation methods have been developed. In the legal examination of WMSD risk factors, simple observational workload evaluation methods are widely used instead of using costly measurement equipments such as EMG and motion analyzer. The simple workload evaluation methods can be categorized into three groups; risk factor checklist methods, posture observation methods, and manual material handling task evaluation methods. In terms of the categories, this survey summarized several representative workload evaluation methods and compared them each other. Then some industrial application cases referring each the workload evaluation methods were surveyed. Due to the characteristics of each method, the selection and application procedure of workload evaluation method should be appropriate for the corresponding work. Therefore, some guidelines for the selection and application procedure of workload evaluation method were suggested.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.245-256
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• 2006

This research sought to survey oriental medicine diagnosis methods currently practiced, analyze their advantages and disadvantages, and work out clinical establish direction for oriental medicine diagnosis methods. Oriental medicine diagnosis methods currently practiced in the related circles are categorized into traditional Korean diagnosis methods and holistic auxiliary diagnosis methods. The traditional Korean diagnosis method focuses on treating diseases of traditional Korean health management methods which are based on the bodily self-viability capabilities according to the Orient's viewpoint of health. Under the diagnosis method, based on the cognition of maximizing the state of the bodily self-viability capabilities together with the characteristics of diseases, symptoms, pulse, first face-to-face patient observation, physical constitution, and life principle are managed according to form, color, pulse and symptom which divide the bodily viability capacities into inherent and acquired elements amid both elements interacting.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.46 no.1 s.145
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• pp.153-158
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• 2007

This study was conducted to develope the observing methods for density of stink bugs in soybean reproductive stage. The adults and nymphs of bean bug, Riptortus clavatus, red-banded shield bug, Piezodous hybneri, green stink bug, Nezara antennata, Sole bug, Dolycoris baccarum, and brown marmorated stink bug, Halyomorpha halys were observed by three observing methods such as beating, sweeping net, and visual counting methods in the full bloom (R2), full pod (R4) and beginning maturity (R7) of soybean. As a result, total number of stink bugs observed was the highest with 5,214.2 by beating method, and then was 2,581.8 by visual counting method, and was the lowest with 103.1 by sweeping net method. Total number of stink bugs observed by the beating and visual counting methods was P. hybneri, followed by N. antennata, H. halys, R. clavatus and D. baccarum with clear difference in observed number of each stink bugs while total number of stink bugs observed by sweeping net method was very low in the range of 18 to 23. Accordingly, the observed density of stink bugs exception of R. clavatus adult by beating method was generally high. However, the number of R. clavatus adult was more observed by flushing method than that by beating method from the beginning bloom (R1) to full maturity (R8), and was more observed at morning time than that at afternoon time. Therefore, two observation methods that flushing method for R. clavatus and beating method for the other stink bugs were recommended for the occurring density of stink bugs in soybean because both bean bug and pentatomidae stink bugs have distinct behavior characteristics such as flying and dropping.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.167-177
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• 2014

New technologies for water purification are continuously emerging to address global water quality problems, and one such technology involves advanced hermetic water purification facilities made by concrete that utilize ozone treatment processes. Better knowledge about surface deterioration of epoxy coating exposed to ozone treatment is needed as a foundation for development of improved methods and materials in the future. This study utilized atomic force microscopy (AFM), nanoindentation methods, and existing indirect methods such as visual observation, changes in mass, surface observation and chrominance analysis, to evaluate epoxy water-resistance and anti-corrosiveness. This study considered six different epoxy formulations to assess typical degradation characteristics of epoxy surfaces with regard to water-resistance/anti-corrosiveness. AFM and nanoindentation techniques emerged as promising direct methods with potential to provide quantitative measures of surface quality that are improvements upon existing indirect methods. The experiments also confirmed that some of the epoxy-coatings were severely iMPacted by ozone exposure, and thus the results demonstrate that concern about such deterioration is justified.

• East Asian mathematical journal
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.463-486
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• 2018

This study identifies elements involved in designing rehearsals for improving preservice teachers' capacity to teach mathematics. Observation of a secondary mathematics methods course and regular interviews with the teacher educator following each class were used in this research. After characterizing what is considered and enacted in rehearsals as a way to help preservice teachers practice the work of teaching mathematics, I illustrate them with examples from the observations and interviews. I then discuss the challenge of dual contexts-the teacher education classroom and the secondary mathematics classroom-and dual perspectives-the mathematical and pedagogical-in designing and enacting rehearsals. I conclude with implications for mathematics teacher education.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.423-432
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• 2003

The data observed at different positions are called the estimate of interested variable at new observation point on the Kriging utilize the space estimate technique, in which case there is correlation spatially. In this paper we provide the estimate for Variogram and Kriging methods as a field of kriging theory and dealt with actually measured data. And at the same time we forecast the amount of ozone that was not measured at this point by Kriging method and compared Ordinary Kriging method with Inverse Distance Kriging method.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.1053-1065
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• 2006

This paper proposes a method in one-way layouts for longitudinal data with informative drop-out. When dropouts are informative, that is, correlated with unobserved data and/or the previous observed data, the simple imputation methods such as 'last observation carried forward' (LOCF) methods would arise the bias of the testing models. The maximum likelihood procedure combined with a logit model for the drop-out process is proposed to test treatment effects for one factorial designs and compared with LOCF method in two examples.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.229-234
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• 2008

A Cook-type distance is considered for investigating the influence of observations in constrained regression models. Its exact sampling distribution is derived, which is used for judging whether each observation is influential or not. A numerical example is provided for illustration.