• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.98-103
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• 2022

Purpose: New therapeutic approaches have emerged to improve gait ability in patients with brain damage, such as action observation learning (AOT), auditory cueing, motor imagery etc. We attempted to investigate the effects of AOT with auditory cueing (AOTAC) on gait function in patients with stroke. Methods: The eighteen stroke patients with a unilateral hemiparesis were randomly divided into three groups; the AOTAC, AOT, and control groups. The AOTAC group (n=8) received training via observing a video that showed normal gait with sound of footsteps as an auditory cue; the AOT group (n=6) receive action observation without auditory stimulation; the control group (n=5) observed the landscape video image. Intervention time of three groups was 30 minutes per day, five times a week, for four weeks. Gait parameters, such as cadence, velocity, stride length, stance phase, and swing phase were collected in all patients before and after each training session. Results: Significant differences were observed among the three groups with respect to the parameters, such as cadence, velocity, stride length, and stance/swing phase. Post-hoc analysis indicated that the AOTAC group had a greater significant change in all of parameters, compared with the AOT and control groups. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that AOTAC may be an effective therapeutic approach to improve gait symmetry and function in patients with stroke. We believe that this effect is attributable to the change of cortical excitability on motor related to cortical areas.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제44권4호
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• pp.35-44
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• 2016

공원 이용행태는 주로 이용자 설문이나 행태 관찰을 통해 조사되어 왔다. 하지만 기존 방식들은 시간과 비용이 많이 소모되고, 응답자나 조사자의 주관에 취약하다는 한계를 갖는다. 이로 인해 개별 도시에서 활용할 수 있는 체계적이고 일관된 공원 이용 실태 조사기법이 부족한 실정이다. 이에 본 연구는 부산광역시 도시공원을 대상으로 공원 이용 조사를 위한 무인비행장치의 활용성을 파악해 보고자 한다. 특히 기존에 신뢰성과 타당성이 검증된 체계적 관찰 기법인 여가활동 관찰 기법(SOPARC)과 비교하여 본 기법의 유용성을 살펴본다. 연구결과, 무인비행장치를 이용한 관찰결과는 SOPARC의 결과와 매우 높은 상관성을 보였으며, 통계적으로 유의한 수준에서 차이가 없는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 두 기법 모두 높은 수준의 검사-재검사 신뢰도를 나타냈다. 무인비행장치를 활용한 방법은 기존 관찰기법들에 비해 넓은 지역을 관찰할 수 있고, 정밀한 이용자 수 조사 및 공간 시설 이용패턴 파악에 적합한 장점을 가진 반면, 자세한 이용자 정보를 파악하기 어렵고, 날씨 등 조사 여건의 제약이 많다는 한계를 보였다. 따라서 두 기법을 상호보완적으로 활용하는 것이 바람직할 것이다. 마지막으로 무인비행장치를 활용한 공원 이용 조사 시 유의할 사항들을 제안하였다.

• 한국치위생학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.197-213
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• 2010

Objectives : This research identified the frequency and satisfaction level of the observation and performance practice during the clinical practice process conducted by dental hygiene students. With the goal of providing base data required for the development and operation of increasingly effective clinical practice program and for the improvement of the existing clinical practice training. Methods : The subjects in this study were 278 students of a university located in Masan. Survey comprised of 49 questions in 10 clinical practice domains was conducted. Results : 1. As for the observation practice by each grade, there was significant difference in oral radiology, pediatric dentistry, periodontology, oral surgery(p<0.05). As for the performance practice executed for each grade, there was significant difference in the oral radiology, preventive dentistry and oral surgery(p<0.05). As for the satisfaction level for each grade, there was significant difference in basic medical service(p<0.05). 2. As for the observation practice by each clinical practice institution, there was significant difference in oral medicine, oral radiology, preventive dentistry, prosthodontics, pediatric dentistry, orthodontics and oral surgery(p<0.05). As for the performance practice executed by each practice institution, there was significant difference in basic medical service, oral medicine, oral radiology, operative dentistry, prosthodontics, orthodontics, oral surgery(p<0.05). As for the satisfaction level by each practice institution, there was significant difference in the oral radiology, preventive dentistry, operative dentistry, prosthodontics, orthodontics, oral surgery(p<0.05). Conclusions : As for the satisfaction level for the clinical practice, basic medical service is the crimary care clinical practice which is most basic and that is executed the most in a dental clinic. Satisfaction level was the highest in the domains where there were extensive observation and practice frequency. By conducting observation and practice frequency in the clinical practice process by each clinical practice domain in a broad and diverse manner, it would be possible to improve the ability of the clinical practice trainees who improve their clinical work execution capability and satisfaction level on the clinical practice.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권6호
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• pp.3851-3854
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• 2013

Objective: To explore changes in the serum tumor makers, hypoxia-inducible factor-$1{\alpha}$ (HIF-$1{\alpha}$) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) level and their relations in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) before and after intervention. Materials and Methods: Forty patients with NSCLC and 40 healthy individuals undergoing physical examination in our hospital provided the observation and control groups. HIF-$1{\alpha}$ and VEGF levels in serum were detected by enzyme-linked immuno-sorbent assay (ELISA) in the observation group before and after intervention and in control group on the day of physical examination, along with serum carcino-embryonic antigen (CEA), neuron-speci ic enolase (NSE) and squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCC) levels in the observation group with a fully automatic biochemical analyzer. Clinical effects and improvement of life quality in the observation group were also evaluated. Results: The total effective rate and improvement of life quality after treatment in observation group were 30.0% and 32.5%, respectively. Serum HIF-$1{\alpha}$ and VEGF levels in the control group were lower than that in observation group (p<0.01), but remarkably elevatedafter intervention (p<0.01). In addition, serum CEA, NSE and SCC levels were apparently lowered by treatment (p<0.01). Serum HIF-$1{\alpha}$ demonstrated a positive relation with VEGF level (p<0.01) and was inversely related with CEA, NSE and SCC levels (p<0.01). Conclusions: Significant correlations exist between marked increase of serum HIF-$1{\alpha}$ and VEGF levels and decrease of indexes related to hematological tumor markers in NSCLC patients after intervention.

• 재활치료과학
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.55-65
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• 2016

목적 : 본 연구의 목적은 가정-기반 동작관찰 훈련이 뇌종양 환자의 상지기능에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위함이다. 연구방법 : 단일사례연구 방법 중 ABA 디자인을 사용하였다. 기초선(A) 기간에 중재 없이 4회 평가를 실시하였고, 중재선(B) 기간에 총 25회의 훈련과 10회 평가를 실시하였으며 중재 후 회귀기초선(A') 기간에 중재 없이 4회 재평가를 실시하였다. 결과 : 9-홀 페그 테스트, 상자와 나무토막 검사, 뇌졸중 상지 기능검사에서 뇌종양 환자의 상지기능이 기초선과 회귀기초선(A와 A')보다 중재기(B)에 개선되었다. 세계보건기구 삶의 질 척도의 신체적 영역, 심리적 영역, 생활환경 영역에서 점수 향상이 있었다. 결론 : 본 연구 결과로 동작관찰 훈련이 뇌종양 환자에게 적용 가능한 중재 기법이고 상지 기능과 삶의 질을 향상시킨다는 것을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.203-213
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• 2014

본 논문에서는 곤충 종의 외관구조인 머리, 몸통, 날개, 다리에 대한 관찰자의 일반적이고 수평적인 관찰특성에 따라 자유롭게 곤충 종을 관찰함으로써 관찰 곤충 검색엔진에서의 사용자 만족도 제고와 보다 효율적인 관찰학습의 방법을 제안한다. 자연생태 환경에서 초보 학습자의 효율적인 관찰검색과 효과적 학습을 위해서는 생물학적 분류체계가 아닌 곤충 종의 외관구조 즉, 외부 신체구조의 모양과 특성 중심의 곤충관찰 기반의 검색(Insect Search by Observation based on Insect Appearance: ISOIA)이 필요하다. 그러므로 본 연구에서는 곤충의 외관구조인 머리, 몸통, 날개, 다리에 대한 관찰자의 일반적인 관찰방법에 따른ISOIA 검색방식을 제안하고, 기존의 ISBC와 ISOBC 검색체계에 대한 사용 만족도를 비교 분석하여 본 논문에서 제안하는 ISOIA 검색 방안이 우수함을 보이고자 한다.

• Perspectives in Nursing Science
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2017

Purpose: To study the internal psychological conflicts among nursing students during an infection control protocol carried out in the hospital by measuring their observation skills and performance during clinical training. Methods: Investigation of both pre- and post- infection control was conducted using questionnaires for clinical infection practices. We identified and evaluated the students' observation skills, clinical performance, clinical perception, and internal conflict regarding clinical infection control. We also interviewed the students as part of our study. Results: Among parameters such as clinical performance, observation skills, clinical perception, and internal conflict, the average observation skills (t=5.49, p<.001) were significantly lower, while internal conflict among students (t=-7.23, p<.001) was significantly higher than expected prior to clinical training. Generally, there was a negative correlation between observation skills and internal conflict in every aspect of infection control practice (r=-.281, p=.031). Internal conflict was significantly higher than expected in the context of hand hygiene (t=-2.135, p=.037), personal hygiene (t=-3.48, p=.002), and ventilator management (t=-3.69, p<.001). Clinical performance of students in the context of hand hygiene (t=4.69, p<.001), personal hygiene (t=2.06, p=.044), and ventilator management (t=2.68, p<.001) was significantly lower than expected prior to clinical training. Conclusion: Our findings showed that internal psychological conflict is higher when infection control practices are observed or performed to a lesser degree. Therefore, reinforcing education regarding infection control among students, such as developing a systematic program, or consecutive training and monitoring, is suggested.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제28권6호
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• pp.398-407
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• 2016

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the changes in electroencephalogram (EEG) coherence and brain wave activity for first-person perspective action observation (1AO) and third-person perspective action observation (3AO) of healthy subjects. Methods: Thirty healthy subjects participated in this study. EEG was simultaneously recorded during the Relax period, the 1AO, and the 3AO, with event-related desynchronization (ERD) and coherence connectivity process calculations for brain wave (alpha, beta and mu) rhythms in relation to the baseline. Results: Participants showed increased coherence in beta wave activity in the frontal and central areas (p<0.05), during the 1AO using right-hand activity. Conversely, the coherence of the alpha wave decreased statistically significantly decreased in the frontocentral and parieto-occipital networks during the observation of the 1AO and the 3AO. The ERD values were larger than 40% for both central regions but were slightly higher for the C4 central region. The high relative power of the alpha wave during 1AO and 3AO was statistically significantly decreased in the frontal, central, parietal, and occipital regions. However, the relative power of the beta wave during 1AO and 3AO was statistically significantly increased in the parietal and occipital regions. Especially during 1AO, the relative power of the beta wave in the C3 area was statistically significantly increased (p<0.05). Conclusion: These findings suggest that 1AO and 3AO action observations are relevant to modifications of specific brain wave coherence and ERD values. EEG cortical activity during action observation may contribute to neural reorganization and to adaptive neuroplasticity in clinical intervention.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제29권5호
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• pp.246-254
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• 2017

Purpose: Previous studies have reported that action observation training has beneficial effects on enhancing the motor task, such as balance and gait functions. On the other hand, there have been few studies combined with action observation training and auditory feedback. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of action observation training with auditory feedback on the gait function in stroke patients with hemiparesis Methods: A total of 24 inpatients with post-stroke hemiparesis were assigned randomly to either an experimental group 1 (EG 1, n=8), experiment group 2 (EG 2, n=8), control group (CG, n=8, EG 1). The EG 2 and CG watched video clip demonstrating three functional walking tasks with auditory feedback, without auditory feedback, and showing a landscape image, respectively. The exercise program consisted of 30 minutes, five times a week, for four weeks. The participants were measured to 10MWT (10 m walk test), 6MWT (6 minutes walking distance test), TUG (timed up and go test), DGI (dynamic gait index), time and steps of F8WT (figure-of-8 walk test). Results: In the intra-group comparison after the intervention, EG 1 and EG 2 showed a significantly different gait function (10MWT, 6MWT, DGI, TUG, F8WT) (p<0.05). In the inter-group comparison after intervention, EG 1 showed significant improvements in the entire gait parameters and EG 2 only showed significant improvement in DGI and TUG compared to CG (p<0.05). Conclusion: These findings show that action observation training with auditory feedback may be used beneficially for improving the gait function of stroke patients with hemiparesis.

• PNF and Movement
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.123-132
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• 2014

Purpose: The discovery of mirror neuron system may positively affect functional recovery; therefore, rehabilitation is needed that is practical for use in clinical settings. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of action observation training on upper motor function in people who had suffered strokes. Methods: Three elderly patients with stroke, aged to years, were recruited from a stroke rehabilitation center. A nonconcurrent, multiple baseline subject approach was taken, with an A-B-A treatment single-subject experimental design, and the experiment was conducted for 3 weeks. The action observation training was repeated 5 times in 5 days during the intervention period. The arm function, including WMFT, BBT, and grip and pinch strength, was evaluated in each subject 5 times during the baseline period, the intervention period, and the baseline regression period. Results: The results of the evaluation for each subject were presented as mean values and video graphs. The WMFT scores of 2 subjects were improved during the intervention period in comparison with the baseline period, and this improvement was maintained even during the regression baseline period. The BBT and the grip and pinch strength were not improved. Conclusion: Based on these results, we suggest that the action observation training for 5 sessions was effective in improving upper limb function of stroke patients but was not effective in improving hand dexterity or grip and pinch strength.