Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.9715/KILA.2016.44.4.035

A Preliminary Study on Usability of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles in Observing Park Users - Focused on Urban Parks in Busan -  

Park, Keunhyun (Dept. of City & Metropolitan Planning, University of Utah)
Park, Sungburm (Dept. of Landscape Architecture, Dong-A University)
Publication Information
Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture / v.44, no.4, 2016 , pp. 35-44 More about this Journal
Abstract
Two primary tools to study park use are surveys and direct observation. Existing methods, however, are limited in terms of considerable costs in both time and money and the personal bias of respondents or observers. These limitations result in a lack of efficient, reliable, and affordable tools to investigate park use. This study explores the reliability and usability of unmanned aerial vehicles(UAVs) to explore park use in urban parks in Busan metropolitan city. By comparing with a systematic observation tool, SOPARC(System for Observing Play and Recreation in Communities), this study finds that the number of park users observed by two different techniques are highly correlated and not significantly different with each other. In addition, both methods show a high level of test-retest reliability. Comparing to existing methods, the UAV-using observation tool could cover larger target areas and is suitable to count park users in a more reliable and efficient way and map their use patterns, although it is weak in collecting detailed user information and surveying under poor conditions such as rain. Thus, the UAV method could complement direct observation. This study suggests practical implications of a UAV method to study park use.
Keywords
Behavioral Research; Direct Observation; System for Observing Play and Recreation in Communities; Physical Activity;
Citations & Related Records
Times Cited By KSCI : 5  (Citation Analysis)
연도 인용수 순위
1 Kaczynski, A. T., L. R. Potwarka and B. E. Saelens(2008) Association of park size, distance, and features with physical activity in neighborhood parks. American Journal of Public Health 98(8): 1451-1456.   DOI
2 Kang, Y-J., Y-S. Kim and S-H Cho(2012) A research on the creative behavior of children's plays in Sangsang Children's Park, Seoul, City. Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture 40(5): 109-118.(강영재, 김요섭, 조세환(2012) 서울시 상상어린이공원의 창의 놀이 행태 분석 연구. 한국조경학회지 40(5): 109-118.)   DOI
3 Kim, H-K and S-W Jung(2010) An analysis of the behavior pattern of user for open space in the urban park: Focused on the Seoul Forest. Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea Planning & Design 26(11): 37-44.(김효경, 정성원(2010) 도시공원 내 오픈스페이스 이용자 행태 분석: 서울 숲을 중심으로. 대한건축학회논문집 계획계 26(11): 37-44.)
4 Kim, M., J-S Sung and J. Park(2014) Behavior setting theory draws Choenggyecheon. Journal of Urban Design Institute of Korea 15(4): 33-46.(김무한, 성종상, 박재민(2014) 행태의 장 이론 적용을 통한 청계천의 환경-행태연구. 한국도시설계학회지 15(4): 33-46.)
5 Kim, Y-S, D-H Lee and C-Y Park(2006) Servey and analysis of use behavior in children's parks: Focused on housing development area in Daegu. Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture 34(3): 32-40.(김용수, 이동훈, 박찬용(2006) 어린이공원 이용행태 조사.분석: 대구광역시 택지개발지구를 중심으로. 한국조경학회지 34(3): 32-40.)
6 Lang, Joe(1994) Urban Design: The American Experience. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold.
7 Lee, J.(2009) Research Methodology in Education, Psychology, and Sociology. Paju: Kyoyookbook.(이종승(2009) 교육.심리.사회 연구방법론. 파주: 교육과학사.)
8 Lee, J-H and J-A Park(2008) Analysis of user behavior for the revitalization of small parks near stations by the location types in influential subway area. Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture 36(3): 9-20.(이주희, 박진아(2008) 역세권내 역 인접 소공원의 유형별 이용행태분석을 통한 활성화 방안 연구. 한국조경학회지 36(3): 9-20.)
9 Lee, Y-S, C-H Ahn, D-J Lee and E-B Lee(2011) Analysis on the time and spacial characteristic of citizen outdoor activity. Journal of Korea Institute of Ecological Architecture and Environment 11(2): 83-90.(이연숙, 안창헌, 이동주, 이유빈(2011) 관찰기법을 이용한 도시민의 야외 운동장소 이용특성 분석: 이용 시간과 공간을 중심으로. 한국생태환경건축학회논문집 11(2): 83-90.)
10 Lin, Y., M. Jiang, Y. Yao, L. Zhang and J. Lin(2015) Use of UAV oblique imaging for the detection of individual trees in residential environments. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening 14: 404-412.   DOI
11 Loukaitou-Sideris, A. and A. Sideris(2009) What brings children to the park? Analysis and measurement of the variables affecting children's use of parks. Journal of the American Planning Association 76(1): 89-107.   DOI
12 McKenzie, Thomas L., D. A. Cohen, A. Sehgal, S. Williamson and D. Golinelli(2006) System for observing play and recreation in communities (SOPARC): Reliability and feasibility measures. Journal of Physical Activity & Health 3(S1): S208-S222.   DOI
13 Rung, A. L., A. J. Mowen, S. T. Broyles and J. Gustat(2011). The role of park conditions and features on park visitation and physical activity. Journal of Physical Activity and Health 8(2): S178-S187.   DOI
14 Song, J-Y and J-A Park(2013) A study on the improvement of Han-Gang Park by analysis of user's behavior: Focused on Banpo, Yeouido. Journal of Urban Design Institute of Korea 14(4): 43-54.(송지연, 박진아(2013) 한강시민공원의 이용자 활동 특성 분석 및 개선방안 연구: 반포한강공원 여의도한강공원을 중심으로. 한국도시설계학회지 14(4): 43-54.)
15 Torres-Sanchez, J., J. M. Pena, A. I. de Castro and F. Lopez-Granados (2014) Multi-temporal mapping of the vegetation fraction in early-season wheat fields usingimages from UAV. Computers and Electronics in Agriculture 103: 104-113.   DOI
16 Vasuki, Y., E. J. Holden, P. Kovesi and S. Micklethwaite(2014) Semi-automatic mapping of geological structures using UAV-based photogrammetric data: An imageanalysis approach. Computers & Geosciences 69: 22-32.   DOI
17 Yun, H. J., H. J. Kim and S. H. Shin(2015) Use behaviour and personal distance of the bench users in urban parks: Focused on Yeouido Park. Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture 43(6): 52-61.(윤희정, 김현주, 신상현(2015) 도시공원 벤치 이용자들의 이용행태 및 개인적 거리: 여의도 공원을 대상으로. 한국조경학회지 43(6): 52-61.)   DOI
18 Whiting, J., L. Larson and G. Green(2012) Monitoring visitation in Georgia state parks using the system for observing play and recreation in communities(SOPARC). Journal of Park and Recreation Administration 30: 21-37.
19 Whyte, W. H.(1980) The Social Life of Small Urban Spaces. New York: Project for Public Spaces Inc.
20 Yang, S-Y and S-Y Yoo(2016) Behavior patterns in an urban linear park, reusing the abandoned railroad: Focused on Gyeongui-line forest park in Seoul. Journal of Urban Design Institute of Korea 17(1): 101-115.(양승열, 유석연(2016) 철도 부지를 활용한 경의선숲길공원 이용행태 연구. 한국도시설계학회지 17(1): 101-115.)
21 Choi, W. and K. Kim(2013) Uses and functions of squares in a downtown based on the concept of behavior setting: Focused on the Gwanghwamun Square, Seoul Square, and Cheonggye Square. Journal of Urban Design Institute of Korea 14(1): 109-120.(최우석, 김기호(2013) 행태의 장 개념을 통해 본 도심 내 광장의 이용 및 기능에 대한 연구: 광화문 광장, 서울 광장, 청계 광장을 중심으로. 한국도시설계학회지 14(1): 109-120.)
22 Arnberger, A., W. Haider and C. Brandenburg(2005). Evaluating visitor-monitoring techniques: A comparison of counting and video observation data. Environmental Management 36(2): 317-327.   DOI
23 Baran, P. K., W. R. Smith, R. C. Moore, M. F. Floyd, J. N. Bocarro, N. G. Cosco and T. M. Danninger(2014) Park use among youth and adults: examination of individual, social, and urban form factors. Environment and Behavior 46(6): 768-800.   DOI
24 Cho, C-W and Y-K Chin(1998) The observation of user behaviors of the urban plaza using time-lapse record. Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture 26(3): 199-212.(조창완, 진양교(1998) Time-Lapse 촬영방법을 이용한 도심 광장의 이용행태에 관한 연구: 청량리 역광장을 사례로. 한국조경학회지 26(3): 199-212.)
25 Chung-Do, J. J., E. Davis, S. Lee, Y. Jokura, L. Choy and J. E. Maddock(2011) An observational study of physical activity in parks in Asian and Pacific Islander communities in urban Honolulu, Hawaii, 2009. Preventing Chronic Disease 8(5): 1-9.
26 CIAFEL(2009) iSOPARC for iPad User Documentation. https://ciafel.fade.up.pt/isoparc/doc/iSOPARC.Documentation.pdf
27 Cohen, D. A., C. Setodji, K. R. Evenson, P. Ward, S. Lapham, A. Hillier and T. L. McKenzie(2011) How much observation is enough? Refining the administration of SOPARC. Journal of Physical Activity & Health 8(8): 1117-1123.   DOI
28 Floyd, M. F., J. O. Spengler, J. E. Maddock, P. H. Gobster and L. J. Suau(2008) Park-based physical activity in diverse communities of two U.S. cities: An observational study. American Journal of Preventive Medicine 34(4): 299?305.   DOI
29 Cohen, D. A., T. Marsh, S. Williamson, K. P. Derose, H. Martinez, C. Setodji and T. L. McKenzie(2010) Parks and physical activity: why are some parks used more than others? Preventive Medicine 50 Suppl 1: S9-12   DOI
30 Coifman, B., M. McCord, R. G. Mishalani, M. Iswalt and Y. Ji(2006) Roadway traffic monitoring from an unmanned aerial vehicle. IEE Proceedings-Intelligent Transport System 153(1): 11-20.   DOI
31 Gehl, J. and B. Svarre(2013) How to Study Public Life. Island Press.
32 Getzin, S., K. Wiegand and I. Schoning(2012) Assessing biodiversity in forests using very high-resolution images and unmanned aerial vehicles. Methods in Ecology and Evolution 3(2): 397-404.   DOI
33 Giles-Corti, B., M. H. Broomhall, M. Knuiman, C. Collins, K. Douglas, K. Ng, A. Lange and R. J. Donovan(2005) Increasing walking: How important is distance to, attractiveness, and size of public open space? American Journal of Preventive Medicine 28(2 Suppl 2): 169?176.
34 Han, U. and H. J. Yun(2014) Pedestrian behavior tracking at urban linear tourist sites via direct observation: Focused on Cheonggyecheon in Seoul. Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture 42(5): 124-133.(한울, 윤희정(2014) 직접관찰법을 이용한 도심 선형 여가공간의 보행자 행태분석: 서울시 청계천을 대상으로. 한국조경학회지 42(5): 124-133.)   DOI
35 Im, S.(2007) Environmental Psychology and Human Behavior. Seoul: Bomun.(임승빈(2007) 환경심리와 인간행태. 서울: 보문당.)
36 Jacobs, J.(1961).The death and life of great American cities. Vintage.