• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.31-39
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• 2002

Generally, inaccurate reports on environmental issues occur due to various factors. The purpose of this study was to find out a way to enhance accuracy of environmental reporting. So the reporters' career and college major had been compared to the accuracy of their articles. The by-lined environmental articles in nine dailies published in 1991 were checked. Results of this study were as follows. (I) Inaccuracy rate in environmental articles was 54.2%. Inaccuracies appeared 1.7 times per an article, while the average frequency of inaccuracies in overall articles was 0.9 time. (2) Errors in the articles consist of 65.8% of subjective inaccuracies and 34.2% of subjective inaccuracies. They derive from the false usage of terminology(15.8% ),misquotation(14.5%), incorrect statistics(13%), exaggeration(13%), inaccurate title(7.9%), and false comparison(5%). (3) Inaccuracy rate by the type of articles was 66.7% in columns, 60% in feature stories, 54.5% in-depth stories, 40.9% in straight news, respectively. (4) Inaccuracy rate by the specific field was shown 71.4% in environmental impacts assessment, 52.5% in water pollution, 37.5% in waste management, and 35.7% in air pollution. (5) According to the result of chi-square test analysis, there were no statistically significant differences of inaccuracy rate and of subjective, and objective inaccuracies relevant to the period of reporters' career covering environmental reporting and the nature of articles, and college major.

• Proceedings of the Korean Environmental Health Society Conference
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• 2002.04a
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• pp.52-54
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• 2002

Generally, inaccurate reports on environmental issues occur due to various factors. The purpose of this study was to find out a way to enhance accuracy of environmental reporting. So the reporters' career and college major had been compared to the accuracy of their articles. The by-lined environmental articles in nine dailies published in 1991 were checked. Results of this study were as follows. (1) Inaccuracy rate in environmental articles was 54.2％. Inaccuracies appeared 1.7 times per an article, while the average frequency of inaccuracies in overall articles was 0.9 time. (2) Errors in the articles consist of 65.8％ of subjective inaccuracies and 34.2％ of subjective inaccuracies. They derive from the false usage of terminology(15.8％), misquotation(14.5％), incorrect statistics(13％), exaggeration(13％), inaccurate title(7.9％), and false comparison(5％), (3) Inaccuracy rate by the type of articles was 66.7％ in columns, 60％ in feature stories, 54.5％ in-depth stories, 40.9％ in straight news, respectively. (4) Inaccuracy rate by the specific field was shown 71.4％ in environmental impacts (5) According to the result of chi-square test analysis, there were no statistically significant differences of inaccuracy rate and of subjective, and objective, and objective inaccuracies relevant to the period of reporters' career covering environmental reporting and the nature of articles, and college major.

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.19-26
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• 2017

The main objective of this study is to investigate the influence of utterance internal pause in English speaking evaluation. To avoid possible confusion with other errors caused by segmental and prosodic inaccuracy, stem utterances with two different length obtained from a native speaker were manipulated to make a set of stimuli tokens through insertion of pauses whose length and position vary. After a total of 90 participants classified into three proficiency groups rated the stimuli, the scored data set was statistically analyzed in terms of the mixed effects model. It was confirmed that predictors such as pause length, pause position and utterance length significantly influence raters' evaluation scores. Especially, a dominating effect was found in such a way that raters gradually deducted scores in accordance with the increase of pause duration. In another experiment, a tree-based statistical learning technique was utilized to check which of the significant predictors played a more influential role than others. The findings in this paper are expected to be practically informative for both the test takers who are preparing for an English speaking test and the raters who desire to develop more objective rubric of speaking evaluation.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.24 no.6 s.177
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• pp.1408-1418
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• 2000

Gradient-based optimization methods are inefficient in applications which require expensive function evaluations, and useless in applications where objective and/or constraint functions are 'noisy' due to modeling and cumulative numerical inaccuracy since gradient evaluation results cannot be reliable. Moreover, it is difficult to be integrated with commercial analysis software, and they cannot be employed when only experimental analysis results are available. In this research an optimization program based on a response surface method has been developed to overcome the aforementioned difficulties. Various methods for design of experiments and new proposed approximation models are implemented in the program. The effectiveness of the optimization program is tested on several test problems and results are discussed.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.1870-1875
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• 2003

Optimization has been used in many engineering problems and must be one of the essential components during design process now. It is the process of maximizing the performance called an objective function of a system while satisfying some constraints, so finite element method is generally required in order to obtain these values during optimization. However, there are some difficulties to obtain them by means of FEM, where the changes of design variables cause the distortion and the regeneration of mesh that may result in inaccuracy and inefficiency. In order to overcome this problem, this paper proposed an alternative that the eXtended FEM introduced and developed by Ted Belytschko was applied to the optimization process because the key points of the X-FEM lie in that the discontinuity can be represented independently on the mesh by a function called in an enrichment function.

• Journal of ILASS-Korea
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.22-27
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• 2008

The false diffusion occurs generally when the flow is oblique to the grid lines and when there is a non-zero gradient of the dependent variable in the direction normal to the flow. This numerical problem can overestimate diffusion terms in the continuous phase, causing the numerical inaccuracy for the simulation of impinging sprays on inclined walls because most of spray calculation uses rectangular grid system. Therefore, the main objective of this article is to investigate numerically the influence of false diffusion on numerical simulation for spray-wall impingement on inclined walls. It is found that unlike the spray impingement normal to the wall, the numerical diffusion exists in the case when diesel sprays impinge on the inclined walls with different angles. The results show that the correction function should be considered for accurate prediction of spray penetration length and more elaborate numerical schemes should be utilized to reduce the false diffusion.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.3-5
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• 2023

Objective: This study introduces exposure concentrations of time-weighted average standard (TWA) evaluation and short-time exposure standard (STEL) evaluation for trichloroethylene in the cleaning process. Methods: Trichloroethylene measurement was conducted according to the KOSHA Guide (A-24-2019) method. It was carried out twice. Results: As a result of the first measurement, TWA concentration exceeded 4 times the exposure standard and STEL concentration exceeded 16 times, but the inaccuracy and breakthrough of the collection time could not be considered, so the second measurement was conducted. The second measurement result was lower than the first measurement result, but exceeded the exposure standards (TWA, STEL). Conclusions: We were able to confirm that the exposure level of workers in the cleaning process using trichloroethylene exceeded the exposure standard. And it is also considered necessary to grasp the approximate concentration using a detector tube in the preliminary survey.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.4 no.4 s.16
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• pp.201-211
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• 2003

Considering about construction projects characteristics, there Is an existing uncertainty which causes inaccuracy or invalidity under decision making situation. Therefore, cost risk analysis of numerous construction projects are Inclined to depend on expert's experiences and subjective judgements. In Korean domestic construction works, however, there is no reasonable method or process for applying subjective elements. Only probabilistic analysis using objective calculation are being used now. This research suggests a cost risk analysis method to analyze quantitatively Cost Impact by risk, and it appraises expert's subjective elements for the purpose of enhancing validity of cost estimation. Moreover, a new cost risk analysis method is introduced for providing convenient user interface in practical business.

• Journal of Korea Society of Industrial Information Systems
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.73-93
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• 2012

The primary objective of this research is to explain how to implement the Service Oriented Architecture (hereafter SOA) enabled Enterprise Resource Planning (hereafter ERP) system successfully for service industries. An implementation of the ERP system help many organizations to alleviate the difficult job of supporting inflexible or legacy systems that in most cases result in cost increases, data redundancy and inaccuracy, and various inefficiencies. However, the ERP system is losing its market share rapidly to the cloud computing system which utilizes the Software-as-a-service (hereafter SaaS) and SOA. The SOA is an approach to integrate various types of IT resources to leverage existing ERP system, while at the same time building an infrastructure that can readily respond to new business environment and offer new dynamic applications. The companies that implement this system have less of a need for the kinds of all-in-one ERP system that have dominated the back office for decades and can move freely to best-of-breed applications. This research will identify the benefits and costs of the SOA enabled ERP system through case studies and its impact on competitive priorities such as cost, quality, delivery, and flexibility.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.515-528
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• 2012

The aim of this article is to provide a study on the issue of inventory inaccuracy and to show the manner in which RFID technology can improve the inventory management performance. The objective of inventory control is to monitor the stock flow of merchandises in order to understand the operating profit and loss. A proper mechanism of inventory control could be made to help the profitability. As RFID is applied to inventory control, it can improve efficiency, enhance accuracy and achieve security. In this paper, we introduce the evolution of different mechanisms of inventory control with RFID system-counting method, collect-all method, and continuous monitoring method. As for improving the accuracy of inventory check during business hours, continuous monitoring is the solution. We introduce the infrastructure of the RFID inventory management system based on M2M architecture can make the inventory be efficiently monitored with instant warnings.