• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제3권4호
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• pp.279-285
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• 2009

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of dietary grape skin on lipid peroxidation and antioxidant defense system in rats fed high fat diet. The Sprague-Dawley rats were fed either control (5% fat) diet or high fat (25% fat) diet which was based on AIN-93 diet for 2 weeks, and then they were grouped as control group (C), control + 5% grape skin group (CS), high-fat group (HF), high fat + 5% grape skin group (HFS) with 10 rats each and fed corresponding diets for 4 weeks. The hepatic thiobarbituric acid reacting substances (TBARS) were increased in high fat group as compared with control group, but reduced by grape skin. The serum total antioxidant status, and activities of hepatic catalase and superoxide dismutase, xanthine oxidase and glucose-6-phosphatase were increased by supplementation of grape skin. Glutathione peroxidase activity was significantly higher in CS group than in C group. Grape skin feeding tended to increase the concentration of total glutathione, especially in control group. The ratio of reduced glutathione to oxidized glutathione was lower in high fat groups than in control groups. The ratio was increased by dietary supplementation of grape skin in control group. These results suggest that dietary supplementation of grape skin would be effective on protection of oxidative damage by lipid peroxidation through improvement of antioxidant defense system in rats fed high fat diet as well as rats with low fat diet.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.1-6
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• 2006

To evaluate whether metformin restores leptin sensitivity in aged rats with leptin resistance, we measured leptin sensitivity in aged (2 year old) and adult (5 month old) rats after 4 weeks of treatment with metformin (300 mg/kg/D, mixing in drinking water), by measuring food intake, body weight and visceral fat losing effects. Leptin ($15{\mu}g/D$) was administered by intracerobroventricular (i.c.v.) infusion through osmotic minipump for 1 week. Metformin treatment decreased body weight and daily food intake in both adult and aged rats compared with their control rats, however, these effects were more prominent in aged rats than in adult rats. Anorexic and fat losing responses following i.c.v. leptin were attenuated in aged rats compared to adult rats. However, these responses of aged rats to leptin were restored by metformin treatment. Moreover, serum concentration of leptin in aged rats was significantly decreased by combined treatment with metformin and leptin. These results suggest that metformin enhances leptin sensitivity in aged rat model, and that combination therapy with metformin and leptin would be helpful for treatment of aging-associated obesity.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.59-66
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• 2006

Objective : To investigate the effects of Yullmoo (Coix lachryma-jobi var. mayuen stapf.) Pharmacopuncture on plasma lipid composition and glucose concentration in hyperlipidemic rats. Methods : ${\beta}-lipoprotein$ free fatty acids, triglyceride and total cholesterol levels in Yullmoo (Coix lachryma-jobi var. mayuen stapf.) Pharmacopuncture groups were compared with those in the control group. Results : Concentration of ${\beta}-lipoprotein$ showed no significantly different in all treatment groups. Concentration of free fatty acids, triglyceride and total cholesterol in plasma were decreased in the Yullmoo (Coix lachryma-jobi var. mayuen stapf.) Pharmacopuncture groups. In the Yullmoo (Coix lachryma-jobi val. mayuen stapf.) Pharmacopuncture groups, plasma LDL-cholesterol showed a lower value and HDL-cholesterol showed a higher value than those of the control group. Contents of glucose were decreased in the Yullmoo (Coix lachryma-jobi val. mayuen stapf.) Pharmacopuncture groups. Conclusions : The results suggest that Yullmoo (Coix lach.yma-jobi var. mayuen stapf.) Pharmacopuncture may have an impact on lipid metabolism to potentially prevent obesity and enhance treatment effect.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.62-66
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• 2002

As inhibitors of carbohydrate-digesting enzymes can prevent hyperglycemia that is known to cause many macrovascular complications, they may prove a useful adjunct to hypocaloric diets in patients with type 2 diabetes and obesity. Inhibitory activities of two hundred and fifteen kinds of medicinal herb extracts against $\alpha$-glucosidase (EC 3.2.1.20) and $\alpha$-amylase (EC 3.2.1.1) have been investigated in vitro. Adenophora triphylla, Aneilema keisak, and Morus bombysis significantly suppressed rat intestinal $\alpha$-glucosidase activity iu vitro. Porcine pancreatic amylase was efficiently inhibited by methanol extracts of Epimedium koreanum, Campsis grandiflora and Salvia plebeia. Methanol extract of Epimedium koreanum among the medicinal herbs tested showed the strongest inhibitory activity against porcine pancreatic $\alpha$-amylase with 0.1 mg/ML of $IC_{50}$/. The herb extract also improved glucose tolerance in ICR mice when loaded with 0.9 g soluble starch per kg body weight. Taken together, Epimedium koreanum merits further evaluation as a therapeutic measure.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.1116-1119
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• 2003

Ma huang, the dried plant stem of Ephedra Intermedia Schrenk et CA, is one of the well known medicinal herbs, and has been used for the diaphoretic, antiasthmatic, and diuretic actions. Ma huang is an ephedrine type alkaloid used for the weight loss and energy expenditure. Medications based on the Ma huang have been found to be effective in the treatment of obesity. Neuropeptide Y (NPY), a 36-amino-acid peptide and concentrated in the hypothalamus, stimulates feeding desire and decrease energy expenditure. In the present study, the effect of Ma huang on the expression of NPY in the rat hypothalamus was investigated using immunohistochemistry. The present results demonstrated that Ma huang treatment suppressed weight gain and NPY expression in the hypothalamus depending upon the dosage used. Based on the results, it can be suggested that Ma huang treatment is effective in curbing the desire for food via modulation of NPY expression under the normal conditions.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.169-175
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• 2004

This study was performed to investigate the effect of acorn supplementation on the lipid profile and redox antioxidant enzyme activities in obese rat. Obesity in the rats was induced by feeding diet contained 10％ lard and 0.5％ cholesterol for 4 week. After 4 weeks, rats were divided into the following 5 groups; high fat diet (Control), high fat diet plus 10％ Acorn powder (APlO％), high fat diet plus 20％ Acorn powder (AP20％), high fat diet plus 0.2％ Acorn extract (AE0.2％), high fat diet plus 0.5％ Acorn extract (AE0.5％). Total food intake and food efficiency ratio (FER) was not significantly different by acorn powder and extract supplementation. But, body weight was decreased by 20％ acorn powder. Acorn powder and extract supplementation for 4 weeks tend to decrease total cholesterol and triglyceride level on the serum and hepatic tissue. There was no significant difference in hepatic glutathione (GSH) content among all the groups. The hepatic GST activity in acorn supplemented groups was lower than that of control. Glutathione peroxidase and catalase activities were higher in acorn supplemented groups than that of control. Hepatic TBARS levels of experimental groups were also significantly lower than that of control group. Our finding suggest that acorn powders and extract might have potential role for improving lipid profiles and antioxidant enzyme activities in obese rats.

• 대한방사선기술학회지:방사선기술과학
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• 제44권4호
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• pp.315-325
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• 2021

The purpose of this study is to investigate the changes in lipid proton (LP) composition according to the induced obese fatty liver and to use it as basic data for treatment and diagnosis of fatty liver in the future. The phantom study was conducted to identify differences between STEAM and PRESS Pulse sequences in LP concentration. A high-fat diet (60%) was administered to eight Sprague-Dawley rats to induce obesity and fatty liver disease. Baseline magnetic resonance imaging /spectroscopy data were obtained prior to the introduction of high-fat diet, and data acquisition experiments were performed after eight weeks using procedures identical to those used for baseline studies. The six lipid proton metabolites were calculated using LCModel software. The correlation between the fat percentage and each LP, revealed that the methylene protons at 1.3 ppm showed the highest positive correlation. The α-methylene protons to carboxyl and diallylic protons showed negative correlation with fat percentage. The methylene proton showed the highest increase in the LP; however, it constituted only 71.86% of the total LP concentration. The methylene proton plays a leading role in fat accumulation in liver parenchyma.

• 대한약침학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.127-141
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• 2008

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of Chowiseungcheng-tang extracts on the preadipocytes proliferation in 3T3-L1 cell line, lipolysis of adipocytes in rat's epididymal adipocytes and localized fat accumulation of porcine by extraction methods(alcohol and water). Methods : Diminish preadipocytes proliferation and promote lipolysis of adipocytes do primary role to reduce obesity. So, we used 3T3-L1 mouse embryo fibroblasts(preadipocytes) and rat epididymal adipocytes from Sprague-Dawley rats to investigate the effects of Chowiseungcheng-tang extracts on the preadipocytes proliferation, lipolysis of adipocytes. They were treated with 0.01, 0.1, $1.0mg/m{\ell}$ Chowiseungcheng-tang alcohol and water extracts. And for the purpose of investigating the effects of Chowiseungcheng-tang alcohol and water extracts on the localized fat accumulation, we injected 0.1, 1.0, $10.0mg/m{\ell}$ Chowiseungcheng-tang extracts to porcine fat tissues and observed histological changes of them. Results : Following results were obtained from the preadipocytes proliferation and lipolysis of adipocytes and histological investigation of fat tissues. 1. Chowiseungcheng-tang extracts suppressed preadipocytes proliferation on the high dosage(especially $1.0mg/m{\ell}$), and especially alcohol extracts had better effects. 2. The alcohol extracts of Chowiseungcheng-tang decreased the activity of glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPDH) on the concentrations of 0.1, $1.0mg/m{\ell}$. Alcohol extracts had better effects than water extracts. 3. Chowiseungcheng-tang extracts increased lipolysis of adipocytes on the concentrations of 0.1, $1.0mg/m{\ell}$, and especially on the concentration of $1.0mg/m{\ell}$ alcohol extract of Chowiseungcheng-tang had better effect. 4. The water extract of Chowiseungcheng-tang had significant activity to the destruction of porcine fat cell membranes only on the concentration of $10.0mg/m{\ell}$, but alcohol extracts of Chowiseungcheng-tang had it on all concentrations. Conclusions : The alcohol extracts of Chowiseungcheng-tang had much better effects on the preadipoeytes proliferaton, lipolysis of adipocytes and localized fat accumulation than water extracts.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• 제40권3호
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• pp.109-127
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• 2023

Objectives : It was conducted to experimentally analyze the effects of acupuncture treatment at CV12, ST25, and ST36 on weight, FBCS, fat metabolism, microbiome, and metabolome changes in the general diet rat and the high-fat diet rat. Methods : It was classified into four groups: general diet & non-treatment group (ND), general diet & acupuncture treatment group (ND+AT), high-fat diet & non-treatment group (HFD), and high-fat diet & acupuncture treatment group (HFD-AT). After acupuncture treatment was performed on CV12, ST25, and ST36, changes in body weight, FBCS, fat metabolism, microbiome, and metabolome were analyzed. Results : Compared to the ND group, acupuncture treatment performed on CV12, ST25, and ST36 in the ND+AT group had no significant effect. Compared to the HFD group, CV12, ST25, and ST36 acupuncture in the HFD+AT group reduced weight, fat weight, inflammatory cytokine IL-6 expression, and lipid droplet accumulation in liver tissue. Acupuncture can promote fat metabolism and relieve inflammatory conditions. Differences in diversity between ND and HFD groups were clear in changes in microbiome, fecal metabolites, and serum metabolites. As a result of some microbiome and metabolites involved in fat decomposition, intestinal lipid absorption, and blood lipid concentration control, such as Intestinimonas, Ruminococcus 1, pyroglutamic acid, tryptophan, and inositol, it was observed that the acupuncture treatment effect was evident in the disease-induced imbalance. Conclusions : Acupuncture treatment performed on CV12, ST25, ST36 clearly observed various regulatory actions on obesity induced by high-fat diet, confirming that the action of acupuncture treatment mainly plays a role in controlling an unbalanced state.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제36권9호
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• pp.1140-1147
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• 2007

체중감량 효과가 있는 기능성 배추김치를 개발하기 위하여 기호도가 우수하고 섬유소가 풍부하여 지질저하 기능성 물질을 함유한 다시마를 첨가한 해조첨가 배추맛김치(이하 해조김치) 레시피를 개발하고, 잘 숙성된 해조김치를 고지방식이를 섭취한 쥐에게 공급하여 지질저하 및 비만억제 효과를 살펴보았다. 배추김치에 다시마를 20% 정도 첨가하였을 때(해조김치) 종합적인 관능평가가 가장 우수하였다. 해조김치의 숙성 특성은 일반 김치와 같이 전형적인 발효양상을 보였다. 해조김치의 비만억제 효과를 살펴보기 위하여 20% 고지방식이에 동결 건조한 김치 10%를 첨가하여 쥐를 8주간 사육하였다. 실험군으로는 고지방식이군, 대조김치군, 해조김치군 그리고 시판용 공장김치를 첨가한 J-김치군으로 하였다. 식이 섭취량, 식이효율은 각 군간에 유의적인 차이가 없었다. 김치첨가에 의한 효과를 고지방식이군과 비교하여 보았을 때 상대적인 내장 지방량은 해조김치군(-17%), J-김치군(-11%) 그리고 대조김치군(-9%) 순으로 감소하였다(p<0.05). 혈청 leptin 농도는 해조김치군(-59%)에서 감소하였는데(p<0.05), 이는 해조김치군의 지방세포의 수가 대조군에 비해 감소함을 의미한다. 혈청 빌리루빈 농도는 해조김치군(-24%)에서 감소하였다(p<0.05). 혈청 중성지방과 콜레스테롤 농도는 고지방군에 비해 각각 해조김치군(-51%와 -21%), J-김치군(-40%, -23%) 그리고 대조김치군(-39%, -13%) 유의적으로 낮았다(p<0.05). 분변의 중성지방과 콜레스테롤 농도는 각각 해조김치군(49%와 71%), 대조김치군(36%, 61%), 그리고 J-김치군(32%, 65%)에서 증가하였다. 김치 종류에 따른 비만억제 효과를 살펴보았을 때 해조김치의 상대적인 내장 지방량은 다른 김치군에 비해 유의적으로 낮았고(p<0.05), 렙틴, 혈청지질, 분변지질 및 빌리루빈의 농도는 김치군간 유의적인 차이는 없었으나, 해조김치군의 비만억제 효과가 가장 높았다. 이러한 결과를 살펴보면, 일반 김치에 비해 해조김치를 섭취하면 체중 감량의 효과가 있을 것으로 생각된다. 이러한 해조김치의 비만 억제 기전은 다시마 첨가에 의해 식이섬유소의 함량이 7% 증가함으로써 소장에서 식이지방 흡수를 방해하여 혈청 중성지방의 농도를 낮추고 이로 인하여 지방세포로 중성지질의 이동이 낮아져 복부지방 축적이 억제되었기 때문으로 생각된다.